Autocomplete (新版) 服務是 iOS API,可根據要求傳回地點建議。在要求中指定文字搜尋字串和地理範圍,以控制搜尋範圍。
Autocomplete (New) 服務可比對輸入內容的完整字詞和子字串,解析地點名稱、地址和 Plus Codes。因此,應用程式可在使用者輸入內容時傳送查詢,即時提供地點建議。
地點建議是根據指定的輸入文字字串和搜尋區域,提供的商家、地址和搜尋點等地點。
舉例來說,您可以使用包含部分使用者輸入內容「Spagh」的字串做為輸入內容,並將搜尋範圍限制在紐約市,來呼叫 API。回應會包含與搜尋字串和搜尋區域相符的地點建議清單,例如名為「Cafe Spaghetti」的餐廳,以及該地點的詳細資料。
系統會將傳回的地點建議呈現給使用者,方便他們選取所需地點。您可以提出 Place Details (新版) 要求,進一步瞭解任何傳回的地點建議。
Autocomplete (New) 要求
對 GMSPlaceClient
呼叫方法,建立自動完成要求。您可以在 GMSAutocompleteRequest
物件中傳遞參數。回應會在 GMSAutocompletePlaceSuggestion
物件中提供自動完成建議。
必須提供 API 金鑰和 query
參數。您也可以加入 GMSAutocompleteSessionToken
,將要求與帳單工作階段建立關聯,並使用 GMSAutocompleteFilter
套用結果。
如要進一步瞭解必要和選用參數,請參閱本文的「參數」一節。
Swift
let token = GMSAutocompleteSessionToken() let northWestBounds = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.921628, -73.700051) let southEastBounds = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.477398, -74.259087) let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.types = [kGMSPlaceTypeRestaurant] filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceRectangularLocationOption(northWestBounds, southEastBounds) let request = GMSAutocompleteRequest(query:"Spagh") request.filter = filter request.sessionToken = token GMSPlacesClient.shared().fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(from: request, callback: { ( results, error ) in if let error = error { print("Autocomplete error: \(error)") return } if let autocompleteResults = results { for result in autocompleteResults { print("Result \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.placeID)) with \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.attributedFullText))") } } })
Objective-C
CLLocationCoordinate2D northEast = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(37.388162, -122.088137); CLLocationCoordinate2D southWest = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(37.395804, -122.077023); GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.types = @[ kGMSPlaceTypeRestaurant ]; filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceRectangularLocationOption(northEast, southWest); GMSAutocompleteRequest *request = [[GMSAutocompleteRequest alloc] initWithQuery:@"Sicilian piz"]; request.sessionToken = token; request.filter = filter; [[GMSPlacesClient sharedClient] fetchAutocompleteSuggestionsFromRequest:request callback:^(NSArray<GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *> * results, NSError * error){ // Handle response for (GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *suggestion in results) { if (suggestion.placeSuggestion) { // Show place suggestion data. } } }];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let center = (37.3913916, -122.0879074) let northEast = (37.388162, -122.088137) let southWest = (37.395804, -122.077023) let bias = RectangularCoordinateRegion(northEast: northEast, southWest: southWest) let filter = AutocompleteFilter(types: [ .restaurant ], origin: center, coordinateRegionBias: bias) let autocompleteRequest = AutocompleteRequest(query: "Sicilian piz", filter: filter) switch await placesClient.fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(with: autocompleteRequest) { case .success(let autocompleteSuggestions): // Handle suggestions. case .failure(let placesError): // Handle error. }
自動完成 (新版) 回覆
自動完成功能會傳回最多五個 GMSAutocompleteSuggestion
例項的陣列。陣列包含:
placeID
types
:適用於此地點的類型。distanceMeters
:與原點的距離。attributedFullText
:建議的完整人類可讀文字。attributedPrimaryText
:建議內容的主要文字,使用者可輕鬆閱讀。attributedSecondaryText
:建議內容的輔助文字,可供使用者閱讀。structuredFormat
:特定名稱和不含歧義的文字,例如城市或區域。
必要參數
查詢
要搜尋的文字字串。指定完整字詞和子字串、地點名稱、地址和 Plus Codes。Autocomplete (New) 服務會根據這個字串傳回候選相符項目,並依據觀察到的關聯性排序結果。
選用參數
類型
地點只能有一個單一主要類型,來自與其相關聯的 Table A 或 Table B 類型。舉例來說,主要類型可能是 mexican_restaurant
或 steak_house
。
根據預設,API 會根據 input
參數傳回所有地點,不論與地點相關聯的主要類型值為何。傳遞 types
參數,將結果限制為特定主要類型或主要類型。
使用這個參數,最多可指定 表 A 或 表 B 中的五種類型值。地點必須符合指定的主要類型值,才能納入回應中。
如有下列情況,要求就會遭到拒絕,並傳回 INVALID_REQUEST
錯誤:
- 指定的類型超過五個。
- 指定任何無法辨識的類型。
國家/地區
只包含指定區域清單中的結果,以陣列的形式指定,最多可包含 15 個 ccTLD (「頂層網域」) 兩位字元值。如果省略,系統不會對回應套用任何限制。例如,如要將地區限制為德國和法國:
Swift
let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.countries = ["DE", "FR"]
Objective-C
GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.countries = @[ @"DE", @"FR" ];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let filter = AutocompleteFilter(countries: ["DE", "FR"])
如果同時指定 locationRestriction
和 countries
,結果會位於這兩個設定的交集區域。
inputOffset
以零為基底的 Unicode 字元位移值,表示 input
中的游標位置。游標位置可能會影響系統傳回的預測結果。如果為空白,則預設為 input
的長度。
locationBias 或 locationRestriction
您可以指定 locationBias
或 locationRestriction
,但不能同時指定兩者,以定義搜尋區域。請將 locationRestriction
視為指定結果必須位於其中的區域,而 locationBias
視為指定結果必須位於附近,但可位於區域之外的區域。
locationBias
會指定要搜尋的區域。這個位置會做為偏差值,也就是說,系統會傳回指定位置附近的結果,包括指定區域以外的結果。locationRestriction
會指定要搜尋的區域。系統不會傳回指定區域以外的結果。
將 locationBias
或 locationRestriction
區域指定為矩形檢視區或圓形。
圓形的定義是中心點和半徑 (以公尺為單位)。半徑必須介於 0.0 和 50000.0 之間 (含首尾)。預設值為 0.0。對於 locationRestriction
,您必須將半徑設為大於 0.0 的值。否則,要求不會傳回任何結果。
例如:
Swift
let center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.730610, -73.935242) let radius = 1000.0 filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceCircularLocationOption(center, radius)
Objective-C
CLLocationCoordinate2D center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.730610, -73.935242); radius = 1000.0; GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceCircularLocationOption(center, radius);
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.477398, -74.259087) let bias = CircularCoordinateRegion(center: center, radius: 1000.0) let filter = AutocompleteFilter(coordinateRegionBias: bias)
矩形是經緯度可視區域,以兩個對角相反的 low
和 high
點表示。可視區域視為封閉區域,也就是包含其邊界。緯度範圍必須介於 -90 到 90 度之間 (含首尾),經度範圍則必須介於 -180 到 180 度之間 (含首尾):
- 如果
low
=high
,可視區域就會包含該單一點。 - 如果
low.longitude
>high.longitude
,經度範圍會反轉 (檢視區會越過 180 度經線)。 - 如果
low.longitude
= -180 度,且high.longitude
= 180 度,則檢視區會包含所有經度。 - 如果
low.longitude
= 180 度且high.longitude
= -180 度,經度範圍會是空白。
low
和 high
都必須填入資料,且所代表的方塊不得為空白。空白的檢視區會導致錯誤。
舉例來說,這個視區會完全包含紐約市:
Swift
let high = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.921628, -73.700051) let low = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.477398, -74.259087) let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceRectangularLocationOption(high, low)
Objective-C
CLLocationCoordinate2D high = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.477398, -74.259087); CLLocationCoordinate2D low = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(440.921628, -73.700051); GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceRectangularLocationOption(high, low);
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let northEast = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.477398, -74.259087) let southWest = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.921628, -73.700051) let filter = AutocompleteFilter(coordinateRegionBias: bias)
起源
計算至目的地直線距離的起點 (以 distanceMeters
格式傳回)。如果省略這個值,系統就不會傳回直線距離。必須指定為經緯度座標:
Swift
let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.origin = CLLocation(latitude: 37.395804, longitude: -122.077023)
Objective-C
GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.origin = [[CLLocation alloc] initWithLatitude:37.395804 longitude: -122.077023];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let filter = AutocompleteFilter(origin: CLLocation(latitude: 37.395804, longitude: -122.077023))
regionCode
用於格式化回應的區碼,採 ccTLD (「頂層網域」) 的兩位字元值 大多數 ccTLD 代碼與 ISO 3166-1 代碼相同,但有一些需要注意的例外情況。舉例來說,英國的 ccTLD 是「uk」(.co.uk),而 ISO 3166-1 代碼則是「gb」(技術上代表「大不列顛與北愛爾蘭聯合王國」實體)。
如果您指定無效的地區代碼,API 會傳回 INVALID_ARGUMENT
錯誤。這個參數可能會影響根據適用法律產生的結果。
sessionToken
工作階段符記是使用者產生的字串,可追蹤 Autocomplete (New) 呼叫的「工作階段」。Autocomplete (New) 會使用工作階段符記,將使用者自動完成搜尋的查詢和選取階段歸入不同的工作階段,以用於計費。詳情請參閱「工作階段符記」。
自動完成 (新版) 範例
使用 locationRestriction 和 locationBias
系統預設會使用 IP 偏差控制搜尋範圍。使用 IP 偏差時,API 會使用裝置的 IP 位址來偏差結果。您可以選擇使用 locationRestriction
或 locationBias
(但不能同時使用),指定要搜尋的區域。
地點限制可指定搜尋範圍。系統不會傳回指定區域以外的結果。以下範例使用位置限制,將要求限制為以舊金山為中心,半徑 5000 公尺的圓形位置限制:
Swift
let token = GMSAutocompleteSessionToken() let center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(37.775061, -122.419400) let radius = 5000.0 let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.locationRestriction = GMSPlaceCircularLocationOption(center, radius) let request = GMSAutocompleteRequest(query:"Piz") request.filter = filter request.sessionToken = token GMSPlacesClient.shared().fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(from: request, callback: { ( results, error ) in if let error = error { print("Autocomplete error: \(error)") return } if let autocompleteResults = results { for result in autocompleteResults { print("Result \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.placeID)) with \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.attributedFullText))") } } })
Objective-C
CLLocationCoordinate2D center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(37.775061, -122.419400); radius = 5000.0; GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.locationRestriction = GMSPlaceCircularLocationOption(center, radius); GMSAutocompleteRequest *request = [[GMSAutocompleteRequest alloc] initWithQuery:@"Sicilian piz"]; request.sessionToken = token; request.filter = filter; [[GMSPlacesClient sharedClient] fetchAutocompleteSuggestionsFromRequest:request callback:^(NSArray<GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *> * results, NSError * error){ // Handle response for (GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *suggestion in results) { if (suggestion.placeSuggestion) { // Show place suggestion data. } } }];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let center = (37.775061, -122.419400) let radius = 5000.0 let restriction = CircularCoordinateRegion(center: center, radius: radius) let filter = AutocompleteFilter(coordinateRegionRestriction: restriction) let token = AutocompleteSessionToken() let autocompleteRequest = AutocompleteRequest(query: "Sicilian piz", sessionToken: token, filter: filter) switch await placesClient.fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(with: autocompleteRequest) { case .success(let autocompleteSuggestions): for suggestion in autocompleteSuggestions { switch suggestion { case .place: // Show place suggestion data. } } case .failure(let placesError): // Handle error. }
使用位置偏好設定時,位置會做為偏好值,也就是說系統會傳回指定位置附近的結果,包括指定區域以外的結果。下一個範例會變更先前的請求,使用位置偏誤:
Swift
let token = GMSAutocompleteSessionToken() let center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(37.775061, -122.419400) let radius = 5000.0 let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceCircularLocationOption(center, radius) let request = GMSAutocompleteRequest(query:"Piz") request.filter = filter request.sessionToken = token GMSPlacesClient.shared().fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(from: request, callback: { ( results, error ) in if let error = error { print("Autocomplete error: \(error)") return } if let autocompleteResults = results { for result in autocompleteResults { print("Result \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.placeID)) with \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.attributedFullText))") } } })
Objective-C
CLLocationCoordinate2D center = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(37.775061, -122.419400); radius = 5000.0; GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.locationBias = GMSPlaceCircularLocationOption(center, radius); GMSAutocompleteRequest *request = [[GMSAutocompleteRequest alloc] initWithQuery:@"Sicilian piz"]; request.sessionToken = token; request.filter = filter; [[GMSPlacesClient sharedClient] fetchAutocompleteSuggestionsFromRequest:request callback:^(NSArray<GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *> * results, NSError * error){ // Handle response for (GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *suggestion in results) { if (suggestion.placeSuggestion) { // Show place suggestion data. } } }];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let center = (37.775061, -122.419400) let radius = 5000.0 let bias = CircularCoordinateRegion(center: center, radius: radius) let filter = AutocompleteFilter(coordinateRegionBias: bias) let token = AutocompleteSessionToken() let autocompleteRequest = AutocompleteRequest(query: "Sicilian piz", sessionToken: token, filter: filter) switch await placesClient.fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(with: autocompleteRequest) { case .success(let autocompleteSuggestions): for suggestion in autocompleteSuggestions { switch suggestion { case .place: // Show place suggestion data. } } case .failure(let placesError): // Handle error. }
使用類型
使用 types 參數,將要求的結果限制為 表 A 和 表 B 所列的特定類型。您最多可以指定五個值的陣列。如果省略,系統會傳回所有類型。
以下範例會指定「足球」的查詢字串,並使用 types 參數將結果限制為 "sporting_goods_store"
類型的商家:
Swift
let token = GMSAutocompleteSessionToken() let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.types = ["sporting_goods_store"] let request = GMSAutocompleteRequest(query:"Soccer") request.filter = filter request.sessionToken = token GMSPlacesClient.shared().fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(from: request, callback: { ( results, error ) in if let error = error { print("Autocomplete error: \(error)") return } if let autocompleteResults = results { for result in autocompleteResults { print("Result \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.placeID)) with \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.attributedFullText))") } } })
Objective-C
GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.types = @[ "sporting_goods_store" ]; GMSAutocompleteRequest *request = [[GMSAutocompleteRequest alloc] initWithQuery:@"Soccer"]; request.sessionToken = token; request.filter = filter; [[GMSPlacesClient sharedClient] fetchAutocompleteSuggestionsFromRequest:request callback:^(NSArray<GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *> * results, NSError * error){ // Handle response for (GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *suggestion in results) { if (suggestion.placeSuggestion) { // Show place suggestion data. } } }];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let filter = AutocompleteFilter(types: [ PlaceType(rawValue: "sporting_goods_store") ]) let token = AutocompleteSessionToken() let autocompleteRequest = AutocompleteRequest(query: "Soccer", sessionToken: token, filter: filter) switch await placesClient.fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(with: autocompleteRequest) { case .success(let autocompleteSuggestions): for suggestion in autocompleteSuggestions { switch suggestion { case .place: // Show place suggestion data. } } case .failure(let placesError): // Handle error. }
使用來源
在要求中加入 origin
參數,並指定為經緯度座標,API 就會在回應中加入從起點到目的地的直線距離。回應會以 distanceMeters
的形式傳回距離。
以下範例將原點設為舊金山市中心:
Swift
let token = GMSAutocompleteSessionToken() let origin = CLLocation(latitude: 37.7749, longitude: -122.4194) let filter = GMSAutocompleteFilter() filter.origin = origin let request = GMSAutocompleteRequest(query:"Amoeba") request.filter = filter request.sessionToken = token GMSPlacesClient.shared().fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(from: request, callback: { ( results, error ) in if let error = error { print("Autocomplete error: \(error)") return } if let autocompleteResults = results { for result in autocompleteResults { print("Result \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.placeID)) with \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.attributedFullText)) and distance: \(String(describing: result.placeSuggestion?.distanceMeters))") } } })
Objective-C
GMSAutocompleteFilter *filter = [[GMSAutocompleteFilter alloc] init]; filter.origin = [[CLLocation alloc] initWithLatitude:37.395804 longitude:-122.077023]; GMSAutocompleteRequest *request = [[GMSAutocompleteRequest alloc] initWithQuery:@"Amoeba"]; request.sessionToken = token; request.filter = filter; [[GMSPlacesClient sharedClient] fetchAutocompleteSuggestionsFromRequest:request callback:^(NSArray<GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *> * results, NSError * error){ // Handle response for (GMSAutocompleteSuggestion *suggestion in results) { if (suggestion.placeSuggestion) { // Show place suggestion data. } } }];
iOS 版 Places Swift SDK (預覽版)
let filter = AutocompleteFilter(origin: CLLocation(latitude: 37.7749, longitude: -122.4194)) let token = AutocompleteSessionToken() let autocompleteRequest = AutocompleteRequest(query: "Amoeba", sessionToken: token, filter: filter) switch await placesClient.fetchAutocompleteSuggestions(with: autocompleteRequest) { case .success(let autocompleteSuggestions): for suggestion in autocompleteSuggestions { switch suggestion { case .place: // Show place suggestion data. } } case .failure(let placesError): // Handle error. }
歸因
即使沒有地圖,您也可以使用 Autocomplete (New)。如要顯示地圖,則必須使用 Google 地圖。當您在沒有地圖的情況下顯示 Autocomplete (New) 服務的建議內容時,必須在搜尋欄位/結果中顯示 Google 標誌。詳情請參閱「顯示 Google 標誌和出處標記」。