評論摘錄 (Review、AggregateRating) 結構化資料
評論摘錄是評論網站上評論或評分的簡短摘錄，通常是許多評論者綜合評分的平均值。當 Google 找到有效的評論或評分標記時，我們可能會顯示複合式摘要，當中包含取自評論或評分的星級評等和其他摘要資訊。除了評論文字，評估結果也會以數字量表 (例如：1-5 分) 顯示評分。評論摘錄可能出現在複合式搜尋結果或 Google 知識面板中。您可以為下列內容類型 (和子類型) 提供評分：
Google 也支援下列 schema.org 類型及其子類型的評論：
CreativeWorkSeasonCreativeWorkSeriesEpisodeGameMediaObjectMusicPlaylistMusicRecordingOrganization(僅適用於擷取其他機構評論的網站；請參閱自刊評論指南規範)
如何新增結構化資料
結構化資料是一種標準化格式，能夠提供網頁相關資訊並分類網頁內容。如果您是第一次使用結構化資料，請參閱這篇文章，進一步瞭解結構化資料的運作方式。
以下簡要說明如何建立、測試及發布結構化資料。如需在網頁中新增結構化資料的逐步指南，請前往結構化資料程式碼研究室。
- 新增必要屬性。根據您使用的格式，瞭解要在網頁中的什麼位置插入結構化資料。
- 遵循指南規範。
- 使用複合式搜尋結果測試驗證程式碼，並修正所有重大錯誤。此外，我們也建議您修正工具中可能標記的任何非重大問題，因為這有助於改善結構化資料的品質 (但並非符合複合式搜尋結果的顯示條件)。
- 部署幾個包含結構化資料的網頁，並使用網址檢查工具測試 Google 轉譯網頁的情形。請確認 Google 可以存取您的網頁，且網頁並未遭到 robots.txt 檔案或
noindex標記封鎖，也未設有登入規定。如果網頁看起來沒問題，您可以要求 Google 重新檢索您的網址。 - 為了讓 Google 掌握日後的異動內容，建議您提交 Sitemap。您可以使用 Search Console Sitemap API 自動執行這項操作。
範例
您可以透過多種方法將 Review 結構化資料新增至網頁：
- 新增簡易評論。
- 在另一個 schema.org 類型中，使用其
review屬性建立巢狀評論。 - 加入累計評分。如果您的標記內容包含作者和評論日期，則可略過個別評論的評分。如果是匯總評論，必須提供要顯示於複合式摘要的平均評分。
- 在另一個 schema.org 類型中，使用其
aggregateRating屬性建立巢狀累計評分。
簡易評論
以下是簡易評論的範例。
JSON-LD
<html>
<head>
<title>Legal Seafood</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@type": "Review",
"itemReviewed": {
"@type": "Restaurant",
"image": "https://www.example.com/seafood-restaurant.jpg",
"name": "Legal Seafood",
"servesCuisine": "Seafood",
"priceRange": "$$$",
"telephone": "1234567",
"address" :{
"@type": "PostalAddress",
"streetAddress": "123 William St",
"addressLocality": "New York",
"addressRegion": "NY",
"postalCode": "10038",
"addressCountry": "US"
}
},
"reviewRating": {
"@type": "Rating",
"ratingValue": "4"
},
"name": "A good seafood place.",
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Bob Smith"
},
"publisher": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Washington Times"
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
RDFa
<html>
<head>
<title>Legal Seafood</title>
</head>
<body>
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Review">
<div property="itemReviewed" typeof="Restaurant">
<img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
<span property="name">Legal Seafood</span>
<span property="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
<span property="priceRange">$$$</span>
<span property="telephone">1234567</span>
<span property="address">123 William St, New York</span>
</div>
<span property="reviewRating" typeof="Rating">
<span property="ratingValue">4</span>
</span> stars -
<b>"<span property="name">A good seafood place.</span>" </b>
<span property="author" typeof="Person">
<span property="name">Bob Smith</span>
</span>
<div property="publisher" typeof="Organization">
<meta property="name" content="Washington Times">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
微資料
<html>
<head>
<title>Legal Seafood</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Review">
<div itemprop="itemReviewed" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Restaurant">
<img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
<span itemprop="name">Legal Seafood</span>
<span itemprop="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
<span itemprop="priceRange">$$$</span>
<span itemprop="telephone">1234567</span>
<span itemprop="address">123 William St, New York</span>
</div>
<span itemprop="reviewRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating">
<span itemprop="ratingValue">4</span>
</span> stars -
<b>"<span itemprop="name">A good seafood place.</span>" </b>
<span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person">
<span itemprop="name">Bob Smith</span>
</span>
<div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Washington Times">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
巢狀評論
以下是以巢狀方式在 Product 中建立評論的範例，您可以將範例複製並貼到自己的 HTML 網頁中。
JSON-LD
<html>
<head>
<title>The Catcher in the Rye</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@type": "Product",
"brand": {
"@type": "Brand",
"name": "Penguin Books"
},
"description": "The Catcher in the Rye is a classic coming-of-age story: an story of teenage alienation, capturing the human need for connection and the bewildering sense of loss as we leave childhood behind.",
"sku": "9780241984758",
"mpn": "925872",
"image": "https://www.example.com/catcher-in-the-rye-book-cover.jpg",
"name": "The Catcher in the Rye",
"review": [{
"@type": "Review",
"reviewRating": {
"@type": "Rating",
"ratingValue": "5"
},
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "John Doe"
}
},
{
"@type": "Review",
"reviewRating": {
"@type": "Rating",
"ratingValue": "1"
},
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Jane Doe"
}
}],
"aggregateRating": {
"@type": "AggregateRating",
"ratingValue": "88",
"bestRating": "100",
"ratingCount": "20"
},
"offers": {
"@type": "Offer",
"url": "https://example.com/offers/catcher-in-the-rye",
"priceCurrency": "USD",
"price": "5.99",
"priceValidUntil": "2020-11-05",
"itemCondition": "https://schema.org/UsedCondition",
"availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
"seller": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "eBay"
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
RDFa
<html>
<head>
<title>The Catcher in the Rye</title>
</head>
<body>
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Product">
<div rel="schema:brand">
<div typeof="schema:Brand">
<div property="schema:name" content="Penguin"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div property="schema:description" content="The Catcher in the Rye is a classic coming-of-age story: an story of teenage alienation, capturing the human need for connection and the bewildering sense of loss as we leave childhood behind."></div>
<div property="schema:sku" content="9780241984758"></div>
<div property="schema:mpn" content="925872"></div>
<img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/catcher-in-the-rye-book-cover.jpg" alt="Catcher in the Rye"/>
<span property="name">The Catcher in the Rye</span>
<div property="review" typeof="Review"> Reviews:
<span property="reviewRating" typeof="Rating">
<span property="ratingValue">5</span> -
</span>
<b>"<span property="name">A masterpiece of literature</span>" </b> by
<span property="author" typeof="Person">
<span property="name">John Doe</span></span>, written on
<meta property="datePublished" content="2006-05-04">4 May 2006
<div property="reviewBody">I really enjoyed this book. It captures the essential challenge people face as they try make sense of their lives and grow to adulthood.</div>
<span property="publisher" typeof="Organization">
<meta property="name" content="Washington Times">
</span>
</div><div property="review" typeof="Review">
<span property="reviewRating" typeof="Rating">
<span property="ratingValue">1</span> -
</span>
<b>"<span property="name">The worst thing I've ever read</span>" </b> by
<span property="author" typeof="Person">
<span property="name">Jane Doe</span></span>, written on
<meta property="datePublished" content="2006-05-10">10 May 2006
<span property="publisher" typeof="Organization">
<meta property="name" content="Washington Times">
</span>
</div>
<div rel="schema:aggregateRating">
<div typeof="schema:AggregateRating">
<div property="schema:reviewCount" content="89"></div>
<div property="schema:ratingValue" content="4.4">4,4</div> stars
</div>
</div>
<div rel="schema:offers">
<div typeof="schema:Offer">
<div property="schema:price" content="4.99"></div>
<div property="schema:availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock"></div>
<div property="schema:priceCurrency" content="GBP"></div>
<div property="schema:priceValidUntil" datatype="xsd:date" content="2020-11-21"></div>
<div rel="schema:url" resource="https://example.com/catcher"></div>
<div property="schema:itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/UsedCondition"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
微資料
<html>
<head>
<title>The Catcher in the Rye</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Product">
<div itemprop="brand" itemtype="https://schema.org/Brand" itemscope>
<meta itemprop="name" content="Penguin" />
</div>
<meta itemprop="description" content="The Catcher in the Rye is a classic coming-of-age story: an story of teenage alienation, capturing the human need for connection and the bewildering sense of loss as we leave childhood behind." />
<meta itemprop="sku" content="0446310786" />
<meta itemprop="mpn" content="925872" />
<img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/catcher-in-the-rye-book-cover.jpg" alt="Catcher in the Rye"/>
<span itemprop="name">The Catcher in the Rye</span>
<div itemprop="review" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Review"> Reviews:
<span itemprop="reviewRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating">
<span itemprop="ratingValue">5</span> -
</span>
<b>"<span itemprop="name">A masterpiece of literature</span>" </b> by
<span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person">
<span itemprop="name">John Doe</span></span>, written on
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2006-05-04">4 May 2006
<span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Washington Times">
</span>
</div><div itemprop="review" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Review">
<span itemprop="reviewRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating">
<span itemprop="ratingValue">1</span> -
</span>
<b>"<span itemprop="name">The worst thing I've ever read</span>" </b> by
<span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person">
<span itemprop="name">Jane Doe</span></span>, written on
<meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2006-05-10">10 May 2006
<span itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization">
<meta itemprop="name" content="Washington Times">
</span>
</div>
<div itemprop="aggregateRating" itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating" itemscope>
<meta itemprop="reviewCount" content="89" />
<span itemprop="ratingValue" content="4.4">4,4</span> stars
</div>
<div itemprop="offers" itemtype="https://schema.org/Offer" itemscope>
<link itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/catcher" />
<meta itemprop="availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock" />
<meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="GBP" />
<meta itemprop="itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/UsedCondition" />
<meta itemprop="price" content="4.99" />
<meta itemprop="priceValidUntil" content="2020-11-21" />
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
累計評分
以下是累計評分的範例。
JSON-LD
<html>
<head>
<title>Legal Seafood</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@type": "AggregateRating",
"itemReviewed": {
"@type": "Restaurant",
"image": "https://www.example.com/seafood-restaurant.jpg",
"name": "Legal Seafood",
"servesCuisine": "Seafood",
"telephone": "1234567",
"address" : {
"@type": "PostalAddress",
"streetAddress": "123 William St",
"addressLocality": "New York",
"addressRegion": "NY",
"postalCode": "10038",
"addressCountry": "US"
}
},
"ratingValue": "88",
"bestRating": "100",
"ratingCount": "20"
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
RDFa
<html>
<head>
<title>Legal Seafood</title>
</head>
<body>
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="AggregateRating">
<div property="itemReviewed" typeof="Restaurant">
<img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
<span property="name">Legal Seafood</span>
<span property="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
<span property="telephone">1234567</span>
<span property="address">123 William St, New York</span>
</div>
<span property="ratingValue">4.2</span> out of <span property="bestRating">5</span> stars -
<span property="ratingCount">123</span> votes
</div>
</body>
</html>
微資料
<html>
<head>
<title>Legal Seafood</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating">
<div itemprop="itemReviewed" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Restaurant">
<img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/seafood-restaurant.jpg" alt="Legal Seafood"/>
<span itemprop="name">Legal Seafood</span>
<span itemprop="servesCuisine">Seafood</span>
<span itemprop="telephone">1234567</span>
<span itemprop="address">123 William St, New York</span>
</div>
<span itemprop="ratingValue">4.2</span> out of <span itemprop="bestRating">5</span> stars -
<span itemprop="ratingCount">123</span> votes
</div>
</body>
</html>
巢狀累計評分
以下是以巢狀方式在 Product 中建立累計評分的範例，您可以將範例複製並貼到自己的 HTML 網頁中。
JSON-LD
<html>
<head>
<title>Executive Anvil</title>
<script type="application/ld+json">
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@type": "Product",
"name": "Executive Anvil",
"image": [
"https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
"https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg",
"https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg"
],
"brand": {
"@type": "Brand",
"name": "ACME"
},
"aggregateRating": {
"@type": "AggregateRating",
"ratingValue": "4.4",
"ratingCount": "89"
},
"offers": {
"@type": "AggregateOffer",
"lowPrice": "119.99",
"highPrice": "199.99",
"priceCurrency": "USD"
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
RDFa
<html>
<head>
<title>Executive Anvil</title>
</head>
<body>
<div vocab="https://schema.org/" typeof="Product">
<span property="brand" typeof="Brand">ACME</span> <span property="name">Executive Anvil</span>
<img property="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/anvil_executive.jpg" alt="Executive Anvil logo" />
<span property="aggregateRating"
typeof="AggregateRating">
Average rating: <span property="ratingValue">4.4</span>, based on
<span property="ratingCount">89</span> reviews
</span>
<span property="offers" typeof="AggregateOffer">
from $<span property="lowPrice">119.99</span> to
$<span property="highPrice">199.99</span>
<meta property="priceCurrency" content="USD" />
</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
微資料
<html>
<head>
<title>Executive Anvil</title>
</head>
<body>
<div itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Product">
<span itemprop="brand" itemtype="https://schema.org/Brand" itemscope>ACME</span> <span itemprop="name">Executive Anvil</span>
<img itemprop="image" src="https://example.com/photos/1x1/anvil_executive.jpg" />
<span itemprop="aggregateRating" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating">
Average rating: <span itemprop="ratingValue">4.4</span>, based on
<span itemprop="ratingCount">89</span> reviews
</span>
<span itemprop="offers" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateOffer">
from $<span itemprop="lowPrice">119.99</span> to
$<span itemprop="highPrice">199.99</span>
<meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" />
</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
指南規範
您的內容必須遵循下列規範，才能以複合式搜尋結果的形式呈現。
技術指南
- 請務必使用 schema.org/AggregateRating 來標記許多人對項目所作的匯總評估。Google 可將累計評分顯示為複合式摘要，或在搜尋結果中顯示為特定類型項目的解答。
- 如要讓評論明確參照至特定產品或服務，請使用 schema.org 類型做為
itemReviewed屬性的值，或是在 schema.org/Book 或 schema.org/Recipe 等其他 schema.org 類型標記中建立巢狀評論。 - 確保使用者可從標記頁面查看您標記的評論和評分，且必須一眼就能看出該頁面含有評論內容。
- 請提供特定項目的評論資訊，而不是項目類別或項目清單的評論。
- 如果您加入多則個別評論，請將個別評論的累計評分一併加入。
- 請勿匯總其他網站的評論或評分。
- 如要提供當地商家或機構的評論摘錄，您也必須遵循下列規範：
- 如果接受評論的實體能控制自身獲得的評論，其使用
LocalBusiness或任何其他類型Organization結構化資料的網頁皆無法使用星級評論功能。例如實體介紹網站自帶的評論 (無論是直接附在結構化資料中，還是透過內嵌的第三方小工具 (如 Google 商家評論或 Facebook 評論小工具)。 - 評分必須由使用者直接提供。
- 不要依靠真人編輯來建立、收錄或編譯當地商家的評分資訊。
- 如果接受評論的實體能控制自身獲得的評論，其使用
結構化資料類型定義
您的結構化資料必須包含必要的屬性，搜尋結果才會顯示相關資訊。您也可以加入建議屬性，為結構化資料補充更多資訊，創造更優質的使用者體驗。
Review
schema.org/Review 內提供 Review 的完整定義。
Google 支援的屬性如下：
| 必要屬性 | |
|---|---|
author |
評論的作者。評論者必須具備有效的姓名或名稱，舉例來說，「週六前購票可享 5 折優惠」就不是有效的評論者名稱。 這個欄位的長度必須少於 100 個半形字元。如果長度超過 100 個半形字元，網頁的搜尋結果就不會採用能夠顯示評論者的評論摘錄格式。 為了讓 Google 更瞭解不同內容的作者，建議您遵循作者標記最佳做法。 |
itemReviewed
|
其中一種有效類型 受評論的項目。不過，如果您在其他 schema.org 類型中使用 受評論項目的有效類型包括： |
itemReviewed.name
|
受評論項目的名稱。不過，如果您使用
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@type": "Game",
"name": "Firefly",
"review": {
"@type": "Review",
"reviewRating": {
"@type": "Rating",
"ratingValue": "5"
},
"author": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "John Doe"
}
}
}
|
reviewRating
|
此評論給出的評分。評分可以是巢狀 |
reviewRating.ratingValue
|
商品的數值評分，可以是數字、分數或百分比 (例如 對於小數，請使用半形句號 (而非半形逗號) 來指定值 (例如使用 <span itemprop="ratingValue" content="4.4">4,4</span> stars |
| 建議屬性 | |
|---|---|
datePublished |
評論的發布日期，採 ISO 8601 日期格式。 |
reviewRating.bestRating
|
這個評分系統所允許的最大值。如果未使用 |
reviewRating.worstRating
|
這個評分系統所允許的最小值。如果未使用 |
AggregateRating
schema.org/AggregateRating 內提供 AggregateRating 的完整定義。
Google 支援的屬性如下：
| 必要屬性 | |
|---|---|
itemReviewed
|
其中一種有效類型 受評分的項目。不過，如果您在其他 schema.org 類型中使用 受評論項目的有效類型包括： |
itemReviewed.name
|
受評論項目的名稱。不過，如果您使用
{
"@context": "https://schema.org/",
"@type": "Game",
"name": "Firefly",
"aggregateRating": {
"@type": "AggregateRating",
"ratingValue": "88",
"bestRating": "100",
"ratingCount": "20"
}
}
|
ratingCount
|
網站上該項目收到的評分總數。至少必須有一個 |
reviewCount
|
指出提供評論的使用者總數，無論對方是否在評論中一併提供評分。至少必須有一個 |
ratingValue
|
商品的數值評分，可以是數字、分數或百分比 (例如 對於小數，請使用半形句號 (而非半形逗號) 來指定值 (例如使用 <span itemprop="ratingValue" content="4.4">4,4</span> stars |
| 建議屬性 | |
|---|---|
bestRating |
這個評分系統所允許的最大值。如果未使用 |
worstRating |
這個評分系統所允許的最小值。如果未使用 |
Monitor rich results with Search Console
Search Console is a tool that helps you monitor how your pages perform in Google Search. You don't have to sign up for Search Console to be included in Google Search results, but it can help you understand and improve how Google sees your site. We recommend checking Search Console in the following cases:
- After deploying structured data for the first time
- After releasing new templates or updating your code
- Analyzing traffic periodically
After deploying structured data for the first time
After Google has indexed your pages, look for issues using the relevant Rich result status report. Ideally, there will be an increase of valid items, and no increase in invalid items. If you find issues in your structured data:
- Fix the invalid items.
- Inspect a live URL to check if the issue persists.
- Request validation using the status report.
After releasing new templates or updating your code
When you make significant changes to your website, monitor for increases in structured data invalid items.- If you see an increase in invalid items, perhaps you rolled out a new template that doesn't work, or your site interacts with the existing template in a new and bad way.
- If you see a decrease in valid items (not matched by an increase in invalid items), perhaps you are no longer embedding structured data in your pages. Use the URL Inspection tool to learn what is causing the issue.
Analyzing traffic periodically
Analyze your Google Search traffic using the Performance Report. The data will show you how often your page appears as a rich result in Search, how often users click on it and what is the average position you appear on search results. You can also automatically pull these results with the Search Console API.疑難排解
如果無法順利導入結構化資料，或是偵錯時遇到困難，請參考下列資源。
- 如果您使用內容管理系統 (CMS) 或者有他人代您處理網站事務，請向對方尋求協助。請務必將所有與問題相關的 Search Console 訊息都轉寄給對方，這些訊息會針對問題提供詳細說明。
- Google 不保證採用結構化資料的功能一定會顯示在搜尋結果中。如要瞭解為何 Google 無法將您的內容顯示為複合式搜尋結果，請參閱結構化資料通用指南裡的常見原因清單。
- 結構化資料可能含有錯誤。請查看結構化資料錯誤清單。
- 如果您的網頁遭到結構化資料專人介入處理處置，系統會忽略網頁上的結構化資料，但該網頁仍然會出現在 Google 搜尋結果中。請使用專人介入處理報告來修正結構化資料問題。
- 再次查看指南規範，確認您的內容是否符合規定。問題可能是因為垃圾內容或不當使用的標記所引起。不過，因為問題可能與語法無關，所以複合式搜尋結果測試無法找出問題所在。
- 疑難排解：未出現複合式搜尋結果/複合式搜尋結果總數減少。
- 請等待一段時間，讓系統執行重新檢索和重新建立索引作業。在發布網頁後，Google 可能需要幾天時間才會找到網頁並進行檢索。如有關於檢索和索引建立作業的一般問題，請參閱 Google 搜尋檢索和索引常見問題。
- 前往 Google 搜尋中心論壇發文提問。