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Los objetos Action te permiten crear un comportamiento interactivo en los complementos de Google Workspace. Definen lo que sucede cuando un usuario interactúa con un widget (por ejemplo, un botón) en la IU del complemento.
Se adjunta una acción a un widget determinado con una función de controlador de widgets, que también define la condición que activa la acción. Cuando se activa, la acción ejecuta una función de devolución de llamada designada.
A la función de devolución de llamada se le pasa un objeto de evento que contiene información sobre las interacciones del usuario del lado del cliente. Debes implementar la función de devolución de llamada y hacer que muestre un objeto de respuesta específico.
Por ejemplo, supongamos que quieres un botón que cree y muestre una tarjeta nueva cuando se haga clic en él. Para ello, debes crear un nuevo widget de botón y usar la función de controlador del widget de botón setOnClickAction(action) para establecer un Action de creación de tarjetas. El objeto Action que defines especifica una función de devolución de llamada de Apps Script que se ejecuta cuando se hace clic en el botón. En este caso, implementas la función de devolución de llamada para compilar la tarjeta que deseas y devolver un objeto ActionResponse. El objeto de respuesta le indica al complemento que muestre la tarjeta que compiló la función de devolución de llamada.
En esta página, se describen las acciones de widgets específicas de Drive que puedes incluir en tu complemento.
Genera interacciones
Los complementos de Google Workspace que extienden Drive pueden incluir una acción de widget adicional específica de Drive. Esta acción requiere que la función de devolución de llamada asociada a la acción muestre un objeto de respuesta especializado:
Para usar estas acciones de widgets y objetos de respuesta, se deben cumplir todas las siguientes condiciones:
La acción se activa mientras el usuario tiene uno o más elementos de Drive seleccionados.
El complemento incluye el https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.filealcance de Drive en su manifiesto.
Solicita acceso a los archivos seleccionados
En el siguiente ejemplo, se muestra cómo compilar una interfaz contextual para Google Drive que se activa cuando el usuario selecciona uno o más elementos de Drive. En el ejemplo, se prueba cada elemento para ver si se otorgó permiso de acceso al complemento. Si no es así, se usa un objeto DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse para solicitarle ese permiso al usuario. Una vez que se otorga el permiso para un elemento, el complemento muestra el uso de la cuota de Drive de ese elemento.
/***Buildasimplecardthatchecksselecteditems' quota usage. Checking*quotausagerequiresuser-permissions,sothisadd-onprovidesabutton*torequest`drive.file`scopeforitemstheadd-ondoesn't yet have*permissiontoaccess.**@parameTheeventobjectpassedcontainingcontextualinformationabout*theDriveitemsselected.*@return{Card}*/functiononDriveItemsSelected(e){varbuilder=CardService.newCardBuilder();//ForeachitemtheuserhasselectedinDrive,displayeitherits//quotainformationorabuttonthatallowstheusertoprovide//permissiontoaccessthatfiletoretrieveitsquotadetails.e['drive']['selectedItems'].forEach(function(item){varcardSection=CardService.newCardSection().setHeader(item['title']);//Thisadd-onusestherecommended,limited-permission`drive.file`//scopetogetgranularper-fileaccesspermissions.//See:https://developers.google.com/drive/api/v2/about-authif(item['addonHasFileScopePermission']){//Iftheadd-onhasaccesspermission,readanddisplayits//quota.cardSection.addWidget(CardService.newTextParagraph().setText("This file takes up: "+getQuotaBytesUsed(item['id'])));}else{//Iftheadd-ondoesnothaveaccesspermission,addabutton//thatallowstheusertoprovidethatpermissiononaper-file//basis.cardSection.addWidget(CardService.newTextParagraph().setText("The add-on needs permission to access this file's quota."));varbuttonAction=CardService.newAction().setFunctionName("onRequestFileScopeButtonClicked").setParameters({id:item.id});varbutton=CardService.newTextButton().setText("Request permission").setOnClickAction(buttonAction);cardSection.addWidget(button);}builder.addSection(cardSection);});returnbuilder.build();}/***Callbackfunctionforabuttonaction.InstructsDrivetodisplaya*permissionsdialogtotheuser,requesting`drive.file`scopefora*specificitemonbehalfofthisadd-on.**@param{Object}eTheparametersobjectthatcontainstheitem's*DriveID.*@return{DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse}*/functiononRequestFileScopeButtonClicked(e){varidToRequest=e.parameters.id;returnCardService.newDriveItemsSelectedActionResponseBuilder().requestFileScope(idToRequest).build();}/***UsetheAdvancedDriveService*(Seehttps://developers.google.com/apps-script/advanced/drive),*with`drive.file`scopepermissionstorequestthequotausageofa*specificDriveitem.**@param{string}itemIdTheIDoftheitemtocheck.*@return{string}Adescriptionoftheitem's quota usage, in bytes.*/functiongetQuotaBytesUsed(itemId){try{returnDrive.Files.get(itemId,{fields:"quotaBytesUsed"}).quotaBytesUsed+" bytes";}catch(e){return"Error fetching how much quota this item uses. Error: "+e;}}
[[["Fácil de comprender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Resolvió mi problema","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Otro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Falta la información que necesito","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Muy complicado o demasiados pasos","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Desactualizado","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Problema de traducción","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Problema con las muestras o los códigos","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Otro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última actualización: 2025-07-31 (UTC)"],[[["\u003cp\u003eActions enable interactive behavior in Google Workspace add-ons, defining responses to user interactions with widgets.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eDrive add-ons use a specialized DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse to manage file access permissions.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eAdd-ons need the \u003ccode\u003ehttps://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file\u003c/code\u003e scope to request and utilize Drive file access.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe provided example demonstrates building a contextual Drive interface, requesting file access, and displaying quota usage upon permission grant.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["Actions in Google Workspace add-ons define interactive behaviors triggered by widget interactions. Widgets use handler functions to attach actions, executing callback functions upon user interaction. These callbacks receive an event object containing interaction details and must return a specific response. Drive-specific actions allow requesting file access for selected files. The callback, triggered when a user selects a file in drive, checks if access is granted, and, if not, prompts the user for permission using `DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse`. The add-on then displays file quota information if access is granted.\n"],null,["# Drive actions\n\n[`Action`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions) objects let you build interactive\nbehavior into Google Workspace add-ons. They define\nwhat happens when a user interacts with a widget (for example, a button) in\nthe add-on UI.\n\nAn action is attached to a given widget using a\n[widget handler function](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#widget_handler_functions),\nwhich also defines the condition that triggers the action. When triggered, the\naction executes a designated\n[callback function](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#callback_functions).\nThe callback function is passed an\n[event object](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/event-objects) that carries\ninformation about the user's client-side interactions. You must implement the\ncallback function and have it return a specific response object.\n\nFor example, say you want a button that builds and displays a new card when\nclicked. For this, you must create a new button widget and use the button widget\nhandler function\n[`setOnClickAction(action)`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/text-button#setOnClickAction(Action))\nto set a card-building [`Action`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions). The\n[`Action`](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions) you define specifies an Apps Script\ncallback function that executes when the button is clicked. In this case, you\nimplement the callback function to build the card you want and return an\n[`ActionResponse`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/action-response)\nobject. The response object tells the add-on to display the card the callback\nfunction built.\n\nThis page describes Drive-specific widget actions you can include in your\nadd-on.\n\nDrive interactions\n------------------\n\nGoogle Workspace add-ons that extend Drive can include\nan additional Drive-specific widget action. This action requires the associated\naction [callback function](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/actions#callback_functions)\nto return a specialized response object:\n\n| Action attempted | Callback function should return |\n|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|\n| [Request file access for selected files](#request_file_access_for_selected_files) | [`DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/drive-items-selected-action-response) |\n\nTo make use of these widget actions and response objects, all of the following\nmust be true:\n\n- The action is triggered while the user has one or more Drive items selected.\n- The add-on includes the `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file` [Drive scope](/workspace/add-ons/concepts/workspace-scopes#drive_scopes) in its manifest.\n\n### Request file access for selected files\n\nThe following example shows how to build a contextual interface for Google\nDrive that is triggered when the user selects one or more Drive items. The\nexample tests each item to see if the add-on has been granted access permission;\nif not, it uses a [`DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse`](/apps-script/reference/card-service/drive-items-selected-action-response)\nobject to request that permission from the user. Once permission is granted for\nan item, the add-on displays the Drive quota usage of that item. \n\n /**\n * Build a simple card that checks selected items' quota usage. Checking\n * quota usage requires user-permissions, so this add-on provides a button\n * to request `drive.file` scope for items the add-on doesn't yet have\n * permission to access.\n *\n * @param e The event object passed containing contextual information about\n * the Drive items selected.\n * @return {Card}\n */\n function onDriveItemsSelected(e) {\n var builder = CardService.newCardBuilder();\n\n // For each item the user has selected in Drive, display either its\n // quota information or a button that allows the user to provide\n // permission to access that file to retrieve its quota details.\n e['drive']['selectedItems'].forEach(\n function(item){\n var cardSection = CardService.newCardSection()\n .setHeader(item['title']);\n\n // This add-on uses the recommended, limited-permission `drive.file`\n // scope to get granular per-file access permissions.\n // See: https://developers.google.com/drive/api/v2/about-auth\n if (item['addonHasFileScopePermission']) {\n // If the add-on has access permission, read and display its\n // quota.\n cardSection.addWidget(\n CardService.newTextParagraph().setText(\n \"This file takes up: \" + getQuotaBytesUsed(item['id'])));\n } else {\n // If the add-on does not have access permission, add a button\n // that allows the user to provide that permission on a per-file\n // basis.\n cardSection.addWidget(\n CardService.newTextParagraph().setText(\n \"The add-on needs permission to access this file's quota.\"));\n\n var buttonAction = CardService.newAction()\n .setFunctionName(\"onRequestFileScopeButtonClicked\")\n .setParameters({id: item.id});\n\n var button = CardService.newTextButton()\n .setText(\"Request permission\")\n .setOnClickAction(buttonAction);\n\n cardSection.addWidget(button);\n }\n\n builder.addSection(cardSection);\n });\n\n return builder.build();\n }\n\n /**\n * Callback function for a button action. Instructs Drive to display a\n * permissions dialog to the user, requesting `drive.file` scope for a\n * specific item on behalf of this add-on.\n *\n * @param {Object} e The parameters object that contains the item's\n * Drive ID.\n * @return {DriveItemsSelectedActionResponse}\n */\n function onRequestFileScopeButtonClicked (e) {\n var idToRequest = e.parameters.id;\n return CardService.newDriveItemsSelectedActionResponseBuilder()\n .requestFileScope(idToRequest).build();\n }\n\n /**\n * Use the Advanced Drive Service\n * (See https://developers.google.com/apps-script/advanced/drive),\n * with `drive.file` scope permissions to request the quota usage of a\n * specific Drive item.\n *\n * @param {string} itemId The ID of the item to check.\n * @return {string} A description of the item's quota usage, in bytes.\n */\n function getQuotaBytesUsed(itemId) {\n try {\n return Drive.Files.get(itemId,{fields: \"quotaBytesUsed\"})\n .quotaBytesUsed + \" bytes\";\n } catch (e) {\n return \"Error fetching how much quota this item uses. Error: \" + e;\n }\n }"]]