Google 搜尋是全自動化的搜尋引擎,會運用一種稱為「網路檢索器」的軟體定期探索網路,找出能加入索引的網頁。實際上,我們搜尋結果列出的大多數網頁都不是由人為提交,而是網路檢索器在探索網路時找到,然後自動加入搜尋結果。本文件說明 Google 搜尋在您網站中運作的各個階段。掌握這項基本知識有助於修正檢索問題、讓網頁編入索引,以及瞭解如何最佳化網站在 Google 搜尋中的呈現方式。
開始前的注意事項
深入瞭解 Google 搜尋的運作方式之前,請務必注意,Google 不接受以付費的方式增加檢索某網站的頻率或提高其排名。如果有人告訴您可以這樣做,請注意這並非事實。
即使您的網頁符合 Google 搜尋基礎入門的做法,Google 也無法保證一定會檢索您的網頁、建立索引或提供網頁。
建立索引:Google 會分析網頁上的文字、圖片和影片檔案,並將相關資訊儲存在 Google 索引 (一個大型資料庫) 中。
提供搜尋結果:當使用者利用 Google 搜尋資訊時,Google 會傳回與使用者查詢內容相關的資訊。
檢索
第一個階段是找出網路上有哪些網頁。由於世界上並沒有統一登錄網頁的地方,因此 Google 必須持續尋找新網頁,並將這些網頁加入已知網頁清單,這項程序稱為「網址搜尋」。清單中都是 Google 造訪過的網頁。Google 會擷取已知網頁的連結並連到新網頁,以此發現其他未知的網頁,例如類別網頁這種中心頁面,會連結到新的網誌文章。此外,當您提交網頁清單 (Sitemap) 供 Google 檢索時,我們也會找到其他網頁。
根據使用者的查詢,搜尋結果網頁所顯示的搜尋功能也會有所變動。舉例來說,搜尋「單車維修店」時,系統可能會顯示本地搜尋結果,而且不會顯示圖片搜尋結果;不過,如果搜尋「現代單車」,則較有可能顯示圖片搜尋結果,但不太可能顯示本地搜尋結果。您可以前往視覺元素庫,瀏覽 Google 網頁搜尋中最常見的 UI 元素。
[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["缺少我需要的資訊","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["過於複雜/步驟過多","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["過時","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["示例/程式碼問題","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間:2025-08-04 (世界標準時間)。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eGoogle Search discovers, analyzes, and ranks web pages to deliver relevant search results to users.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe three stages of Google Search are crawling, indexing, and serving search results.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCrawling involves discovering and fetching web pages using automated programs called crawlers.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIndexing involves analyzing the content and metadata of web pages to understand their topic and relevance.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eServing search results involves selecting and ranking relevant pages from the index based on user queries and various factors.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],["Google Search operates in three stages: crawling, indexing, and serving. Crawling involves automated web crawlers (Googlebot) discovering and downloading content (text, images, videos) from web pages. Indexing analyzes this content, determining its relevance and canonical status, storing it in Google's database. Serving involves matching user queries with indexed pages and displaying the most relevant results, considering factors like user location and device. Google does not accept payment for crawling, indexing or ranking and can't guarantee that the content will be crawled, indexed or served.\n"],null,["# In-Depth Guide to How Google Search Works | Google Search Central\n\nIn-depth guide to how Google Search works\n=========================================\n\n\nGoogle Search is a fully-automated search engine that uses software known as web crawlers that\nexplore the web regularly to find pages to add to our index. In fact, the vast majority of\npages listed in our results aren't manually submitted for inclusion, but are found and added\nautomatically when our web crawlers explore the web. This document explains the stages of how\nSearch works in the context of your website. Having this base knowledge can help you fix\ncrawling issues, get your pages indexed, and learn how to optimize how your site appears in\nGoogle Search.\n| Looking for something less technical? Check out our [How Search Works site](https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/), which explains how Search works from a searcher's perspective.\n\nA few notes before we get started\n---------------------------------\n\n\nBefore we get into the details of how Search works, it's important to note that Google doesn't\naccept payment to crawl a site more frequently, or rank it higher. If anyone tells you\notherwise, they're wrong.\n\n\nGoogle doesn't guarantee that it will crawl, index, or serve your page, even if your page\nfollows the [Google Search Essentials](/search/docs/essentials).\n\nIntroducing the three stages of Google Search\n---------------------------------------------\n\nGoogle Search works in three stages, and not all pages make it through each stage:\n\n1. [**Crawling:**](#crawling) Google downloads text, images, and videos from pages it found on the internet with automated programs called crawlers.\n2. [**Indexing:**](#indexing) Google analyzes the text, images, and video files on the page, and stores the information in the Google index, which is a large database.\n3. [**Serving search results:**](#serving) When a user searches on Google, Google returns information that's relevant to the user's query.\n\nCrawling\n--------\n\n\nThe first stage is finding out what pages exist on the web. There isn't a central registry of\nall web pages, so Google must constantly look for new and updated pages and add them to its\nlist of known pages. This process is called \"URL discovery\". Some pages are known because\nGoogle has already visited them. Other pages are discovered when Google extracts a link from a\nknown page to a new page: for example, a hub page, such as a category page, links to a new\nblog post. Still other pages are discovered when you submit a list of pages (a\n[sitemap](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/sitemaps/overview)) for Google to crawl. \n\n\nOnce Google discovers a page's URL, it may visit (or \"crawl\") the page to find out what's on\nit. We use a huge set of computers to crawl billions of pages on the web. The program that\ndoes the fetching is called [Googlebot](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/googlebot)\n(also known as a crawler, robot, bot, or spider). Googlebot uses an algorithmic process to\ndetermine which sites to crawl, how often, and how many pages to fetch from each site.\n[Google's crawlers](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/overview-google-crawlers)\nare also programmed such that they try not to crawl the site too fast to avoid overloading it.\nThis mechanism is based on the responses of the site (for example,\n[HTTP 500 errors mean \"slow down\"](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/http-network-errors#http-status-codes)).\n\n\nHowever, Googlebot doesn't crawl all the pages it discovered. Some pages may be\n[disallowed for crawling](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots/robots_txt#disallow) by the\nsite owner, other pages may not be accessible without logging in to the site.\n\n\nDuring the crawl, Google renders the page and\n[runs any JavaScript it finds](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics#how-googlebot-processes-javascript)\nusing a recent version of\n[Chrome](https://www.google.com/chrome/), similar to how your\nbrowser renders pages you visit. Rendering is important because websites often rely on\nJavaScript to bring content to the page, and without rendering Google might not see that\ncontent.\n\n\nCrawling depends on whether Google's crawlers can access the site. Some common issues with\nGooglebot accessing sites include:\n\n- [Problems with the server handling the site](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/http-network-errors#http-status-codes)\n- [Network issues](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/http-network-errors#network-and-dns-errors)\n- [robots.txt rules preventing Googlebot's access to the page](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/robots/intro)\n\nIndexing\n--------\n\n\nAfter a page is crawled, Google tries to understand what the page is about. This stage is\ncalled indexing and it includes processing and analyzing the textual content and key content\ntags and attributes, such as\n[`\u003ctitle\u003e` elements](/search/docs/appearance/title-link)\nand alt attributes,\n[images](/search/docs/appearance/google-images),\n[videos](/search/docs/appearance/video), and\nmore. \n\n\nDuring the indexing process, Google determines if a page is a\n[duplicate of another page on the internet or canonical](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls).\nThe canonical is the page that may be shown in search results. To select the canonical, we\nfirst group together (also known as clustering) the pages that we found on the internet that\nhave similar content, and then we select the one that's most representative of the group. The\nother pages in the group are alternate versions that may be served in different contexts, like\nif the user is searching from a mobile device or they're looking for a very specific page from\nthat cluster.\n\n\nGoogle also collects signals about the canonical page and its contents, which may be used in\nthe next stage, where we serve the page in search results. Some signals include the language\nof the page, the country the content is local to, and the usability of the page.\n\n\nThe collected information about the canonical page and its cluster may be stored in the Google\nindex, a large database hosted on thousands of computers. Indexing isn't guaranteed; not every\npage that Google processes will be indexed.\n\n\nIndexing also depends on the content of the page and its metadata. Some common indexing issues\ncan include:\n\n- [The quality of the content on page is low](/search/docs/essentials)\n- [Robots `meta` rules disallow indexing](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/block-indexing)\n- [The design of the website might make indexing difficult](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics)\n\nServing search results\n----------------------\n\n| Google doesn't accept payment to rank pages higher, and ranking is done programmatically. [Learn more about ads on Google Search](https://www.google.com/search/howsearchworks/our-approach/ads-on-search/).\n\n\nWhen a user enters a query, our machines search the index for matching pages and return the\nresults we believe are the highest quality and most relevant to the user's query. Relevancy is\ndetermined by hundreds of factors, which could include information such as the user's\nlocation, language, and device (desktop or phone). For example, searching for \"bicycle repair\nshops\" would show different results to a user in Paris than it would to a user in Hong Kong. \n\n\nBased on the user's query the search features that appear on the search results page also\nchange. For example, searching for \"bicycle repair shops\" will likely show local results and\nno [image results](/search/docs/appearance/visual-elements-gallery#image-result),\nhowever searching for \"modern bicycle\" is more likely to show image results, but not local\nresults. You can explore the most common UI elements of Google web search in our\n[Visual Element gallery](/search/docs/appearance/visual-elements-gallery).\n\n\nSearch Console might tell you that a page is indexed, but you don't see it in search results.\nThis might be because:\n\n- [The content on the page is irrelevant to users' queries](/search/docs/fundamentals/seo-starter-guide#expect-search-terms)\n- [The quality of the content is low](/search/docs/essentials)\n- [Robots `meta` rules prevent serving](/search/docs/crawling-indexing/block-indexing)\n\n\nWhile this guide explains how Search works, we are always working on improving our algorithms.\nYou can keep track of these changes by following the\n[Google Search Central blog](/search/blog)."]]