Merchant listing (Product, Offer) structured data

shopping knowledge panel presentation in search results

When you add Product markup to your page, it can be eligible for display in merchant listing experiences on Google Search, including the shopping knowledge panel, Google Images, popular product results, and product snippets. Merchant listings can highlight more specific data about a product, such as its price, availability, and shipping and return information.

This guide focuses on the Product structured data requirements for merchant listings. If you're not sure which markup to use, read our intro to Product markup.

How to add structured data

Structured data is a standardized format for providing information about a page and classifying the page content. If you're new to structured data, you can learn more about how structured data works.

Here's an overview of how to build, test, and release structured data.

  1. Add the required properties. Based on the format you're using, learn where to insert structured data on the page.
  2. Follow the guidelines.
  3. Validate your code using the Rich Results Test and fix any critical errors. Consider also fixing any non-critical issues that may be flagged in the tool, as they can help improve the quality of your structured data (however, this isn't necessary to be eligible for rich results).
  4. Deploy a few pages that include your structured data and use the URL Inspection tool to test how Google sees the page. Be sure that your page is accessible to Google and not blocked by a robots.txt file, the noindex tag, or login requirements. If the page looks okay, you can ask Google to recrawl your URLs.
  5. To keep Google informed of future changes, we recommend that you submit a sitemap. You can automate this with the Search Console Sitemap API.

Examples

The following examples illustrate how to include structured data on your web pages for different situations.

Product page with an offer

Here's an example of a product page selling a product, with product reviews.

JSON-LD


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Executive Anvil</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "Product",
      "name": "Executive Anvil",
      "image": [
        "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg",
        "https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg"
       ],
      "description": "Sleeker than ACME's Classic Anvil, the Executive Anvil is perfect for the business traveler looking for something to drop from a height.",
      "sku": "0446310786",
      "mpn": "925872",
      "brand": {
        "@type": "Brand",
        "name": "ACME"
      },
      "review": {
        "@type": "Review",
        "reviewRating": {
          "@type": "Rating",
          "ratingValue": 4,
          "bestRating": 5
        },
        "author": {
          "@type": "Person",
          "name": "Fred Benson"
        }
      },
      "aggregateRating": {
        "@type": "AggregateRating",
        "ratingValue": 4.4,
        "reviewCount": 89
      },
      "offers": {
        "@type": "Offer",
        "url": "https://example.com/anvil",
        "priceCurrency": "USD",
        "price": 119.99,
        "priceValidUntil": "2024-11-20",
        "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/UsedCondition",
        "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock"
      }
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Executive Anvil</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div typeof="schema:Product">
        <div rel="schema:review">
          <div typeof="schema:Review">
            <div rel="schema:reviewRating">
              <div typeof="schema:Rating">
                <div property="schema:ratingValue" content="4"></div>
                <div property="schema:bestRating" content="5"></div>
              </div>
            </div>
            <div rel="schema:author">
              <div typeof="schema:Person">
                <div property="schema:name" content="Fred Benson"></div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg"></div>
        <div property="schema:mpn" content="925872"></div>
        <div property="schema:name" content="Executive Anvil"></div>
        <div property="schema:description" content="Sleeker than ACME's Classic Anvil, the Executive Anvil is perfect for the business traveler looking for something to drop from a height."></div>
        <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg"></div>
        <div rel="schema:brand">
          <div typeof="schema:Brand">
            <div property="schema:name" content="ACME"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div rel="schema:aggregateRating">
          <div typeof="schema:AggregateRating">
            <div property="schema:reviewCount" content="89"></div>
            <div property="schema:ratingValue" content="4.4"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div rel="schema:offers">
          <div typeof="schema:Offer">
            <div property="schema:price" content="119.99"></div>
            <div property="schema:availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock"></div>
            <div property="schema:priceCurrency" content="USD"></div>
            <div property="schema:priceValidUntil" datatype="xsd:date" content="2024-11-20"></div>
            <div rel="schema:url" resource="https://example.com/anvil"></div>
            <div property="schema:itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/UsedCondition"></div>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg"></div>
        <div property="schema:sku" content="0446310786"></div>
      </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Executive Anvil</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <div>
    <div itemtype="https://schema.org/Product" itemscope>
      <meta itemprop="mpn" content="925872" />
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Executive Anvil" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg" />
      <meta itemprop="description" content="Sleeker than ACME's Classic Anvil, the Executive Anvil is perfect for the business traveler looking for something to drop from a height." />
      <div itemprop="offers" itemtype="https://schema.org/Offer" itemscope>
        <link itemprop="url" href="https://example.com/anvil" />
        <meta itemprop="availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock" />
        <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" />
        <meta itemprop="itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/UsedCondition" />
        <meta itemprop="price" content="119.99" />
        <meta itemprop="priceValidUntil" content="2024-11-20" />
      </div>
      <div itemprop="aggregateRating" itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating" itemscope>
        <meta itemprop="reviewCount" content="89" />
        <meta itemprop="ratingValue" content="4.4" />
      </div>
      <div itemprop="review" itemtype="https://schema.org/Review" itemscope>
        <div itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope>
          <meta itemprop="name" content="Fred Benson" />
        </div>
        <div itemprop="reviewRating" itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating" itemscope>
          <meta itemprop="ratingValue" content="4" />
          <meta itemprop="bestRating" content="5" />
        </div>
      </div>
      <meta itemprop="sku" content="0446310786" />
      <div itemprop="brand" itemtype="https://schema.org/Brand" itemscope>
        <meta itemprop="name" content="ACME" />
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  </body>
</html>

Pricing

Here are two examples of encoding a price in JSON-LD.

A price can be specified using the price property as follows:

"offers": {
  "@type": "Offer",
  "price": 10.00,
  "priceCurrency": "USD",
  ...
}

Alternatively, a price can be specified using the priceSpecification property.

"offers": {
  "@type": "Offer",
  "priceSpecification": {
    "@type": "UnitPriceSpecification",
    "price": 10.00,
    "priceCurrency": "USD"
  },
  ...
}

Pricing with unit pricing measures

Here is an example of how to specify a price for 4.5l of a product that is always sold in multiples of 750ml. This form of pricing is particularly important in the EU for products sold by volume or weight.

When the unit pricing measure and unit pricing base measure are present, specify the price inside a UnitPriceSpecification.

"priceSpecification": {
"@type": "UnitPriceSpecification",
"price": 81.00,
"priceCurrency": "EUR",
"referenceQuantity": {
  "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
  "value": "4.5",
  "unitCode": "LTR",
  "valueReference": {
    "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
    "value": "750",
    "unitCode": "MLT"
  }
}
}

Sale pricing

The following example shows a product with a sale price. The current, offer price automatically becomes a sale price when you provide a second price with the original, list price and mark it with a priceType property of value https://schema.org/ListPrice. Don't mark the current, offer price with a priceType property. 

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Nice trinket",
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://www.example.com/trinket_offer",
    "price": 10.00,
    "priceCurrency": "GBP",
    "priceSpecification": {
      "@type": "UnitPriceSpecification",
      "priceType": "https://schema.org/ListPrice",
      "price": 15.00,
      "priceCurrency": "GBP"
    }
  }
}

Alternatively, you can include two UnitPriceSpecification entries to specify the sale price and the list price:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "name": "Nice trinket",
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "priceSpecification": [
      {
        "@type": "UnitPriceSpecification",
        "price": 10.00,
        "priceCurrency": "GBP"
      },
      {
        "@type": "UnitPriceSpecification",
        "priceType": "https://schema.org/ListPrice",
        "price": 15.00,
        "priceCurrency": "GBP"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Shipping details

Here's an example of a product page with shipping details. This example would result in a shipping rate of $3.49 for all users that live in the US. For more examples, review the Shipping section.

JSON-LD


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Nice trinket</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "Product",
      "sku": "trinket-12345",
      "gtin14": "12345678901234",
      "image": [
        "https://example.com/photos/16x9/trinket.jpg",
        "https://example.com/photos/4x3/trinket.jpg",
        "https://example.com/photos/1x1/trinket.jpg"
      ],
      "name": "Nice trinket",
      "description": "Trinket with clean lines",
      "brand": {
        "@type": "Brand",
        "name": "MyBrand"
      },
      "offers": {
        "@type": "Offer",
        "url": "https://www.example.com/trinket_offer",
        "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
        "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
        "price": 39.99,
        "priceCurrency": "USD",
        "priceValidUntil": "2024-11-20",
        "shippingDetails": {
          "@type": "OfferShippingDetails",
          "shippingRate": {
            "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
            "value": 3.49,
            "currency": "USD"
          },
          "shippingDestination": {
            "@type": "DefinedRegion",
            "addressCountry": "US"
          },
          "deliveryTime": {
            "@type": "ShippingDeliveryTime",
            "handlingTime": {
              "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
              "minValue": 0,
              "maxValue": 1,
              "unitCode": "DAY"
            },
            "transitTime": {
              "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
              "minValue": 1,
              "maxValue": 5,
              "unitCode": "DAY"
            }
          }
        }
      },
      "review": {
        "@type": "Review",
          "reviewRating": {
            "@type": "Rating",
            "ratingValue": 4,
            "bestRating": 5
          },
          "author": {
            "@type": "Person",
            "name": "Fred Benson"
          }
        },
        "aggregateRating": {
          "@type": "AggregateRating",
          "ratingValue": 4.4,
          "reviewCount": 89
        }
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Nice trinket</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div typeof="schema:Product">
      <div property="schema:sku" content="trinket-12345"></div>
      <div property="schema:gtin14" content="12345678901234"></div>
      <div property="schema:name" content="Nice trinket"></div>
      <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/16x9/trinket.jpg"></div>
      <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/4x3/trinket.jpg"></div>
      <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/1x1/trinket.jpg"></div>
      <div property="schema:description" content="Trinket with clean lines"></div>
      <div rel="schema:brand">
        <div typeof="schema:Brand">
          <div property="schema:name" content="MyBrand"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div rel="schema:offers">
        <div typeof="schema:Offer">
          <div rel="schema:url" resource="https://example.com/trinket_offer"></div>
          <div property="schema:itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/NewCondition"></div>
          <div property="schema:availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock"></div>
          <div property="schema:price" content="39.99"></div>
          <div property="schema:priceCurrency" content="USD"></div>
          <div property="schema:priceValidUntil" datatype="xsd:date" content="2024-11-20"></div>
          <div rel="schema:shippingDetails">
            <div typeof="schema:OfferShippingDetails">
              <div rel="schema:shippingRate">
                <div typeof="schema:MonetaryAmount">
                  <div property="schema:value" content="3.49"></div>
                  <div property="schema:currency" content="USD"></div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div rel="schema:shippingDestination">
                <div typeof="schema:DefinedRegion">
                  <div property="schema:addressCountry" content="US"></div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <div rel="schema:deliveryTime">
                <div typeof="schema:ShippingDeliveryTime">
                  <div rel="schema:handlingTime">
                    <div typeof="schema:QuantitativeValue">
                      <div property="schema:minValue" content="0"></div>
                      <div property="schema:maxValue" content="1"></div>
                      <div property="schema:unitCode" content="DAY"></div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                  <div rel="schema:transitTime">
                    <div typeof="schema:QuantitativeValue">
                      <div property="schema:minValue" content="1"></div>
                      <div property="schema:maxValue" content="5"></div>
                      <div property="schema:unitCode" content="DAY"></div>
                    </div>
                  </div>
                </div>
              </div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div rel="schema:review">
        <div typeof="schema:Review">
          <div rel="schema:reviewRating">
            <div typeof="schema:Rating">
              <div property="schema:ratingValue" content="4"></div>
              <div property="schema:bestRating" content="5"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
          <div rel="schema:author">
            <div typeof="schema:Person">
              <div property="schema:name" content="Fred Benson"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div rel="schema:aggregateRating">
        <div typeof="schema:AggregateRating">
          <div property="schema:reviewCount" content="89"></div>
          <div property="schema:ratingValue" content="4.4"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Nice trinket</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <div>
    <div itemtype="https://schema.org/Product" itemscope>
      <meta itemprop="sku" content="trinket-12345" />
      <meta itemprop="gtin14" content="12345678901234" />
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Nice trinket" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/16x9/trinket.jpg" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/4x3/trinket.jpg" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/1x1/trinket.jpg" />
      <meta itemprop="description" content="Trinket with clean lines" />
      <div itemprop="brand" itemtype="https://schema.org/Brand" itemscope>
        <meta itemprop="name" content="MyBrand" />
      </div>
      <div itemprop="offers" itemtype="https://schema.org/Offer" itemscope>
        <link itemprop="url" href="https://www.example.com/trinket_offer" />
        <meta itemprop="itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/NewCondition" />
        <meta itemprop="availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock" />
        <meta itemprop="price" content="39.99" />
        <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD" />
        <meta itemprop="priceValidUntil" content="2024-11-20" />
        <div itemprop="shippingDetails" itemtype="https://schema.org/OfferShippingDetails" itemscope>
          <div itemprop="shippingRate" itemtype="https://schema.org/MonetaryAmount" itemscope>
            <meta itemprop="value" content="3.49" />
            <meta itemprop="currency" content="USD" />
          </div>
          <div itemprop="shippingDestination" itemtype="https://schema.org/DefinedRegion" itemscope>
            <meta itemprop="addressCountry" content="US" />
          </div>
          <div itemprop="deliveryTime" itemtype="https://schema.org/ShippingDeliveryTime" itemscope>
            <div itemprop="handlingTime" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue" itemscope>
              <meta itemprop="minValue" content="0" />
              <meta itemprop="maxValue" content="1" />
              <meta itemprop="unitCode" content="DAY" />
            </div>
            <div itemprop="transitTime" itemtype="https://schema.org/QuantitativeValue" itemscope>
              <meta itemprop="minValue" content="1" />
              <meta itemprop="maxValue" content="5" />
              <meta itemprop="unitCode" content="DAY" />
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="review" itemtype="https://schema.org/Review" itemscope>
        <div itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope>
          <meta itemprop="name" content="Fred Benson" />
        </div>
        <div itemprop="reviewRating" itemtype="https://schema.org/Rating" itemscope>
          <meta itemprop="ratingValue" content="4" />
          <meta itemprop="bestRating" content="5" />
        </div>
      </div>
      <div itemprop="aggregateRating" itemtype="https://schema.org/AggregateRating" itemscope>
        <meta itemprop="reviewCount" content="89" />
        <meta itemprop="ratingValue" content="4.4" />
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  </body>
</html>

Free shipping

Here's an example of providing free shipping to buyers in the US state of New York.

"shippingDetails": {
  "@type": "OfferShippingDetails",
  "shippingRate": {
    "@type": "MonetaryAmount",
    "value": "0",
    "currency": "USD"
  },
  "shippingDestination": [
    {
      "@type": "DefinedRegion",
      "addressCountry": "US",
      "addressRegion": ["NY"]
    }
  ]
}

Return details

Here is an example of a product page with return details. The markup matches a return policy that requires products to be returned within 60 days, shipped to the US, and there are no return fees.

JSON-LD


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Nice trinket</title>
    <script type="application/ld+json">
    {
      "@context": "https://schema.org/",
      "@type": "Product",
      "sku": "trinket-12345",
      "gtin14": "12345678901234",
      "image": [
        "https://example.com/photos/16x9/trinket.jpg",
        "https://example.com/photos/4x3/trinket.jpg",
        "https://example.com/photos/1x1/trinket.jpg"
      ],
      "name": "Nice trinket",
      "description": "Trinket with clean lines",
      "brand": {
        "@type": "Brand",
        "name": "MyBrand"
      },
      "offers": {
        "@type": "Offer",
        "url": "https://www.example.com/trinket_offer",
        "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
        "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
        "priceSpecification": {
          "@type": "PriceSpecification",
          "price": 39.99,
          "priceCurrency": "CHF"
        },
        "hasMerchantReturnPolicy": {
          "@type": "MerchantReturnPolicy",
          "applicableCountry": "CH",
          "returnPolicyCategory": "https://schema.org/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow",
          "merchantReturnDays": 60,
          "returnMethod": "https://schema.org/ReturnByMail",
          "returnFees": "https://schema.org/FreeReturn"
        }
      }
    }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
  </body>
</html>

RDFa


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Nice trinket</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div typeof="schema:Product">
      <div property="schema:sku" content="trinket-12345"></div>
      <div property="schema:gtin14" content="12345678901234"></div>
      <div property="schema:name" content="Nice trinket"></div>
      <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/16x9/trinket.jpg"></div>
      <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/4x3/trinket.jpg"></div>
      <div rel="schema:image" resource="https://example.com/photos/1x1/trinket.jpg"></div>
      <div property="schema:description" content="Trinket with clean lines"></div>
      <div rel="schema:brand">
        <div typeof="schema:Brand">
          <div property="schema:name" content="MyBrand"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div rel="schema:offers">
        <div typeof="schema:Offer">
          <div rel="schema:url" resource="https://example.com/trinket_offer"></div>
          <div property="schema:itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/NewCondition"></div>
          <div property="schema:availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock"></div>
          <div property="schema:price" content="39.99"></div>
          <div property="schema:priceCurrency" content="CHF"></div>
          <div property="schema:priceValidUntil" datatype="xsd:date" content="2024-11-20"></div>
          <div rel="schema:hasMerchantReturnPolicy">
            <div typeof="schema:MerchantReturnPolicy">
              <div property="schema:applicableCountry" content="US"></div>
              <div property="schema:returnPolicyCategory" content="https://schema.org/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow"></div>
              <div property="schema:merchantReturnDays" content="60"></div>
              <div property="schema:returnMethod" content="https://schema.org/ReturnByMail"></div>
              <div property="schema:returnFees" content="https://schema.org/FreeReturn"></div>
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

Microdata


 <html>
  <head>
    <title>Nice trinket</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <div>
    <div itemtype="https://schema.org/Product" itemscope>
      <meta itemprop="sku" content="trinket-12345" />
      <meta itemprop="gtin14" content="12345678901234" />
      <meta itemprop="name" content="Nice trinket" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/16x9/trinket.jpg" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/4x3/trinket.jpg" />
      <link itemprop="image" href="https://example.com/photos/1x1/trinket.jpg" />
      <meta itemprop="description" content="Trinket with clean lines" />
      <div itemprop="brand" itemtype="https://schema.org/Brand" itemscope>
        <meta itemprop="name" content="MyBrand" />
      </div>
      <div itemprop="offers" itemtype="https://schema.org/Offer" itemscope>
        <link itemprop="url" href="https://www.example.com/trinket_offer" />
        <meta itemprop="itemCondition" content="https://schema.org/NewCondition" />
        <meta itemprop="availability" content="https://schema.org/InStock" />
        <meta itemprop="price" content="39.99" />
        <meta itemprop="priceCurrency" content="CHF" />
        <meta itemprop="priceValidUntil" content="2024-11-20" />
        <div itemprop="hasMerchantReturnPolicy" itemtype="https://schema.org/MerchantReturnPolicy" itemscope>
          <meta itemprop="applicableCountry" content="US" />
          <meta itemprop="returnPolicyCategory" content="https://schema.org/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow" />
          <meta itemprop="merchantReturnDays" content="60" />
          <meta itemprop="returnMethod" content="https://schema.org/ReturnByMail" />
          <meta itemprop="returnFees" content="https://schema.org/FreeReturn" />
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  </body>
</html>

Energy efficiency ratings

The following example illustrates how to specify energy efficiency information using structured data. The example specifies the EU energy efficiency class "C" with scale "A+" to "F" for a water heater.

Note that the minimum energy efficiency class value specifies the least efficient class on the energy consumption scale (in this case "F"), while the maximum energy efficiency class value specifies the most efficient class (in this case "A+").

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "sku": "1234-5678",
  "image": "https://www.example.com/waterheater.jpg",
  "name": "Water heater",
  "description": "Large capacity water heater",
  "gtin14": "12345678901231",
  "mpn": "WH1234",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "ExampleWaterHeaterBrand"
  },
  "hasEnergyConsumptionDetails": {
    "@type": "EnergyConsumptionDetails",
    "hasEnergyEfficiencyCategory": "https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryC",
    "energyEfficiencyScaleMin": "https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryF",
    "energyEfficiencyScaleMax": "https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA1Plus"
  },
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://www.example.com/hotwaterheater",
    "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "price": 1799.00,
    "priceCurrency": "EUR"
  }
}

Certifications

The following examples illustrate how to specify certification information using structured data. The first example specifies the German CO2 emissions class "D" for a vehicle.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "sku": "1234-5678",
  "image": "https://www.example.com/vehicle.jpg",
  "name": "Big Car",
  "description": "Passenger vehicle with combustion engine",
  "gtin14": "12345678901231",
  "mpn": "WH1234",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "ExampleCarBrand"
  },
  "hasCertification": {
    "@type": "Certification",
    "issuedBy": {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "BMWK"
    },
    "name": "Vehicle_CO2_Class",
    "certificationRating": {
      "@type": "Rating",
      "ratingValue": "D"
    }
  },
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://www.example.com/vehicle",
    "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "price": 17999.00,
    "priceCurrency": "EUR"
  }
}

The second example specifies an EPREL energy efficiency label for an LED:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "sku": "1234-5678",
  "image": "https://www.example.com/led.jpg",
  "name": "LED",
  "description": "Dimmable LED",
  "gtin14": "12345678901231",
  "mpn": "WH1234",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "ExampleLightingBrand"
  },
  "hasCertification": {
    "@type": "Certification",
    "issuedBy": {
      "@type": "Organization",
      "name": "European_Commission"
    },
    "name": "EPREL",
    "certificationIdentification": "123456"
  },
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://www.example.com/led",
    "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "price": 2.30,
    "priceCurrency": "EUR"
  }
}

3D model

This example shows how to link a 3D model to a product with the subjectOf property and the 3DModel type.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org/",
  "@type": "Product",
  "sku": "1234-5678",
  "image": "https://www.example.com/sofa.jpg",
  "name": "Water heater",
  "description": "White 3-Seat Sofa",
  "gtin14": "12345678901231",
  "mpn": "S1234W3",
  "brand": {
    "@type": "Brand",
    "name": "ExampleSofaBrand"
  },
  "subjectOf": {
    "@type": "3DModel",
    "encoding": {
      "@type": "MediaObject",
      "contentUrl": "https://example.com/sofa.gltf"
    }
  },
  "offers": {
    "@type": "Offer",
    "url": "https://www.example.com/whitechaiselongue",
    "itemCondition": "https://schema.org/NewCondition",
    "availability": "https://schema.org/InStock",
    "price": 1299.00,
    "priceCurrency": "USD"
  }
}

Guidelines

For your Product markup to be eligible for merchant listing experiences, you must follow these guidelines:

Technical guidelines

  • Only pages where a shopper can purchase a product are eligible for merchant listing experiences, not pages with links to other sites that sell the product. Google may attempt to verify merchant listing product data before showing the information in search results.
  • Product rich results only support pages that focus on a single product (or multiple variants of the same product). For example, "shoes in our shop" is not a specific product. This includes product variants where each product variant has a distinct URL. We recommend focusing on adding markup to product pages instead of pages that list products or a category of products.
  • For details about how to mark up product variants, refer to product variant structured data documentation.
  • When offering products for sale in multiple currencies, have a distinct URL per currency. For example, if a product is available for sale in Canadian and US dollars, use two distinct URLs, one per currency.
  • Car isn't supported automatically as a subtype of Product. For now, include both Car and Product types if you want to attach ratings to it and be eligible for the Search feature. For example in JSON-LD: 
    {
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": ["Product", "Car"],
  ...
}
  • If you're a merchant optimizing for all types of shopping results, we recommend putting Product structured data in the initial HTML for best results.
  • For JavaScript-generated Product markup: Be aware that dynamically-generated markup can make Shopping crawls less frequent and less reliable, which can be an issue for fast-changing content like product availability and price. If you're using JavaScript to generate Product markup, make sure your server has enough computing resources to handle increased traffic from Google.

Content guidelines

  • We don't allow content that promotes widely prohibited or regulated goods, services, or information that may facilitate serious, immediate, or long term harm to people. This includes content related to firearms and weapons, recreational drugs, tobacco and vaping products, and gambling-related products.

Structured data type definitions

You must include the required properties for your content to be eligible for display as a rich result. You can also include the recommended properties to add more information to your structured data, which could provide a better user experience.

Product information

Product

The full definition of Product is available at schema.org/Product. When you mark up your content for product information, use the following properties of the Product type:

Required properties
name

Text

The name of the product.
image

Repeated ImageObject or URL

The URL of a product photo. Pictures clearly showing the product (for example, against a white background) are preferred.

Additional image guidelines:

  • Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable. To check if Google can access your URLs, use the URL Inspection tool.
  • Images must represent the marked up content.
  • Images must be in a file format that's supported by Google Images.
  • For best results, we recommend providing multiple high-resolution images (minimum of 50K pixels when multiplying width and height) with the following aspect ratios: 16x9, 4x3, and 1x1.

For example:

"image": [
  "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
  "https://example.com/photos/4x3/photo.jpg",
  "https://example.com/photos/16x9/photo.jpg"
]
offers

Offer

A nested Offer to sell the product.

Product snippets accept an Offer or AggregateOffer but merchant listings require an Offer as the merchant has to be the seller of the product in order to be eligible for merchant listing experiences.

Recommended properties
aggregateRating

AggregateRating

A nested aggregateRating of the product. Follow the Review snippet guidelines and the list of required and recommended AggregateRating properties.
audience

PeopleAudience

Optional information about the suggested audience for the product, such as the suggested gender and age group. Only the PeopleAudience type is supported. See the list of PeopleAudience properties supported by Google.
brand.name

Text

Include the brand of the product in the name property of the Brand type if known. Include at most one brand name.
color

Text

The color or color combination of the product (for example, "red" or "yellow/sky blue"). See also the Color attribute in Google Merchant Center Help.
description

Text

The product description. While the product description is not mandatory, it is strongly recommended to provide a description of the product in this property.
gtin | gtin8 | gtin12 | gtin13 | gtin14 | isbn

Text

Include all applicable global identifiers; these are described at schema.org/Product. While you can use the generic gtin property for all GTINs, we recommend that you use the most specific GTIN that applies to your product, as this is the most accurate representation of the product. Make sure the GTIN value is in the numerical form; we don't support the URL form for GTINs.

isbn is only a valid property on Book. For best results, use ISBN-13 format. To use Book correctly, co-type with the Product. This will let you use properties of both types on the node. For example:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": ["Product", "Book"],
  ....
}
hasCertification

Certification

Certifications, such as energy efficiency ratings, associated with a product. Up to 10 certifications can be specified. This property is particularly relevant in European countries. See also the list of Certification properties supported by Google.
hasEnergyConsumptionDetails

EnergyConsumptionDetails

Information about the energy consumption of products such as electrical goods. This property is particularly important in European countries. See also the list of EnergyConsumptionDetails properties supported by Google.
inProductGroupWithID

Text

The ID of a product group that this product variant belongs to. See also Item Group Id in Google Merchant Center Help. Specify at most one value.

For details on how to add markup for product variants, refer to product variant structured data documentation.
isVariantOf

ProductGroup

A product group that this product variant belongs to, if applicable. For details on how to add markup for product variants, refer to product variant structured data documentation.

material

Text

The material or material combination the product is made from, such as "Leather" or "Cotton/Polyester". See also Material in Google Merchant Center help.
mpn

Text

The manufacturer part number. This property uniquely identifies the product for a given manufacturer.
pattern

Text

The pattern of the product, such as "polka dots" or "striped". See also Pattern on the Google Merchant Center Product Data Specification page.
review

Review

A nested Review of the product. Follow the Review snippet guidelines and the list of required and recommended review properties. See also the list of additional Review properties specific to the Product schema.org type.

If you add a review for the product, the reviewer's name must be a valid name for a Person or Team.

Not recommended: 50% off on Black Friday

Recommended: "James Smith" or "CNET Reviewers"
size

Text or SizeSpecification

The size of the product, such as "XL" or "medium". See also size in the Google Merchant Center Product Data Specification page. See the list of SizeSpecification properties supported by Google. Specify at most one value.
sku

Text

The merchant-specific identifier for the product. Specify at most one value.

  • The sku value must use unicode characters that are valid for interchange.
  • The sku value must not contain any whitespace characters (as defined by the Unicode whitespace property).
  • We recommend that the sku value only contain ASCII characters.
subjectOf

3DModel

A 3D model for the product, if applicable. See the list of 3DModel properties properties supported by Google. Specify at most one 3DModel value.

3DModel

The full definition of 3DModel is available at schema.org/3DModel.

Use the following properties to link to a 3D model. Currently only models in glTF format are supported.

Required properties
encoding

MediaObject

The media for the 3D model.
encoding.contentUrl

URL

The link to a 3D model definition file in glTF format. The file must have a .gltf or .glb suffix.

Offer details

Offer

The full definition of Offer is available at schema.org/Offer. When marking up offers within a product, use the following properties of the schema.org Offer type.

Required properties
price or priceSpecification.price

Number

The offer price of a product. Follow schema.org usage guidelines.

Here's an example of the price property: 

"offers": {
  "@type": "Offer",
  "price": 39.99,
  "priceCurrency": "USD"
}

Unlike product snippets, merchant listing experiences require a price greater than zero.

The offer price is required, but may be nested inside a priceSpecification property instead of being provided at the Offer level.

priceCurrency or priceSpecification.priceCurrency

Text

The currency used to describe the product price, in three-letter ISO 4217 format.

priceCurrency is required if price is specified, otherwise priceSpecification.priceCurrency is required if priceSpecification.price is specified.

priceSpecification

UnitPriceSpecification

Complex prices can be specified using priceSpecification instead of the price property. See the list of supported UnitPriceSpecification properties and Examples for examples of how to mark up various forms of pricing.

Prices can be specified using price and priceCurrency either at the Offer level or inside the priceSpecification property.

Prices with unit pricing measures can specify a referenceQuantity property inside a UnitPriceSpecification.

To indicate a sale price, also specify the original list price with the priceType property.

priceSpecification.priceType

PriceTypeEnumeration

Marks the full, original listing price of a product, if applicable. Only use this property if you want Google to show sale pricing for your product. You must set the priceType to the https://schema.org/ListPrice value (no other values are supported).

If you use the priceType property to designate a list price, you must also provide a current sale price with the price or priceSpecification property. Don't mark the current sale price with the priceType property. See the sale price example.

Recommended properties
availability

ItemAvailability

The possible product availability options. The short names without the URL prefix are also supported (for example BackOrder).

  • https://schema.org/BackOrder: The item is on back order.
  • https://schema.org/Discontinued: The item has been discontinued.
  • https://schema.org/InStock: The item is in stock.
  • https://schema.org/InStoreOnly: The item is only available for purchase in store.
  • https://schema.org/LimitedAvailability: The item has limited availability.
  • https://schema.org/OnlineOnly: The item is available online only.
  • https://schema.org/OutOfStock: The item is currently out of stock.
  • https://schema.org/PreOrder: The item is available for pre-order.
  • https://schema.org/PreSale: The item is available for ordering and delivery before general availability.
  • https://schema.org/SoldOut: The item has been sold out.

Don't specify more than one value.

hasMerchantReturnPolicy

MerchantReturnPolicy

Nested information about the return policies associated with an Offer. If you decide to add hasMerchantReturnPolicy, add the required and recommended MerchantReturnPolicy properties.
itemCondition

OfferItemCondition

Condition of the item offered for sale. The short names without the URL prefix are also supported (for example NewCondition).

  • https://schema.org/NewCondition: The item is new.
  • https://schema.org/RefurbishedCondition: The item has been refurbished.
  • https://schema.org/UsedCondition: The item is used (it is not new).

Don't specify more than one value.

shippingDetails

OfferShippingDetails

Nested information about the shipping policies and options associated with an Offer. If you decide to add shippingDetails, add the required and recommended OfferShippingDetails properties.
url

URL

A URL of the product web page from which a shopper can purchase the product. This URL may be the preferred URL for the current page with all variant options appropriately selected. The URL can be omitted. Don't provide multiple URLs.

For details on how to add markup for product variants, refer to product variant structured data documentation.

UnitPriceSpecification

The full definition of UnitPriceSpecification is available at schema.org/UnitPriceSpecification. Use the following properties to capture more complex pricing schemes.

Required properties
price

Number

The offer price of a product. See also the price property of Offer.

priceCurrency

Text

The currency used to describe the product price, in three-letter ISO 4217 format. See also the priceCurrency property of Offer.
Recommended properties
referenceQuantity

QuantitativeValue (for unit pricing)

The reference quantity is used for prices that specify a reference value for the price. See also the example Pricing with unit pricing measures and Unit pricing measure in Google Merchant Center Help for a detailed discussion on unit pricing.

QuantitativeValue (for unit pricing)

This section talks about using QuantitativeValue for the referenceQuantity property of a unit pricing specification. (QuantitativeValue is also used for shipping durations, but with different rules.) The full definition of QuantitativeValue is available at schema.org/QuantitativeValue.

QuantitativeValue can be used for pricing that is based on a unit measure, such as buying flooring per square meter, or liquids per half gallon. See Unit pricing measure in Google Merchant Center Help for a detailed discussion on unit pricing.

The following is an example of a selling price for 4.5l of a product that can be purchased in multiples for 750ml.

"priceSpecification": {
  "@type": "UnitPriceSpecification",
  "price": 81.00,
  "priceCurrency": "EUR",
  "referenceQuantity": {
    "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
    "value": "4.5",
    "unitCode": "LTR",
    "valueReference": {
      "@type": "QuantitativeValue",
      "value": "750",
      "unitCode": "MLT"
    }
  }
}

Use the following properties to capture unit pricing details.

Required properties
unitCode

Text or URL

The unit of measurement. Either the UN/CEFACT codes or their human-readable equivalents as listed in Google Merchant Center Help Unit pricing measure are supported.

value

Text

The numeric value of the unit sold.
Recommended properties
valueReference

QuantitativeValue

The QuantitativeValue in the referenceQuantity property of a UnitPriceSpecification must include a nested QuantitativeValue in this valueReference property.

SizeSpecification

The SizeSpecification type is used to indicate the size of a product. The full definition of the type is available at schema.org/SizeSpecification.

Recommended properties
name

Text

A human readable name for the size, such as "XL". See the size attribute in Google Merchant Center Help for more details.
sizeGroup

WearableSizeGroupEnumeration or Text

The suggested size group for the product, if applicable. The interpretation of the group is defined by the sizeGroup property. At most two size groups can be provided. Supported values are:

  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeGroupRegular: The item size is "regular".
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeGroupPetite: The item size is "petite".
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeGroupPlus: The item size is "plus".
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeGroupTall: The item size is "tall".
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeGroupBig: The item size is "big".
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeGroupMaternity: The item size is "maternity".

The short names without the URL prefix are also supported (for example, WearableSizeGroupRegular).

See also size_type in Google Merchant Center Help and Supported structured data types and values in Google Merchant Center Help for more information about supported size systems. Google understands the text values for size_type as well (regular, petite, plus, tall, big, and maternity), but other search engines may not, so it is recommended to use the standard schema.org enumeration values.
sizeSystem

WearableSizeSystemEnumeration or Text

The size system for the product, if applicable. Supported values are:

  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemAU: The size system in Australia.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemBR: The size system in Brazil.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemCN: The size system in China.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemDE: The size system in Germany.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemEurope: The size system in Europe.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemFR: The size system in France.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemIT: The size system in Italy.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemJP: The size system in Japan.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemMX: The size system in Mexico.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemUK: The size system in the United Kingdom.
  • https://schema.org/WearableSizeSystemUS: The size system in the United States.

The short names without the URL prefix are also supported (for example, WearableSizeSystemAU).

See also size_system in Google Merchant Center Help. Google understands the text values for size_system as well (for example, UR, BR, CN, DE, EU), but other search engines may not, so it is recommended to use the standard schema.org enumeration values.

PeopleAudience

The full definition of PeopleAudience is available at schema.org/PeopleAudience.

Use the following properties when indicating the recommended audience for a product. See also Supported structured data attributes and values in Google Merchant Center Help.

Recommended properties
suggestedGender

Text or GenderType

The suggested gender the product is suitable for. Must be one of the following values:

  • https://schema.org/Male
  • https://schema.org/Female
  • Unisex: This (case-insensitive) value is not in the schema.org standard and must not have a https://schema.org/ prefix.

See Gender in Google Merchant Center Help for more details.

Note that Google will complete GenderType values without schema.org prefix, therefore raw male and female values are also accepted.
suggestedMaxAge (or suggestedAge.maxValue)

Number

The suggested maximum age for the product, in years. Google maps the maximum suggested ages for products onto the following fixed set of numerical values:

  • 0.25: For newborns
  • 1.0: For infants
  • 5.0: For toddlers
  • 13.0: For kids
suggestedMinAge (or suggestedAge.minValue)

Number

The suggested minimum age for the product, in years. Google maps the minimum suggested ages for products onto the following fixed set of numerical values:

  • 0: For newborns
  • 0.25: For infants
  • 1.0: For toddlers
  • 5.0: For kids
  • 13.0: For adults

EnergyConsumptionDetails

The full definition of EnergyConsumptionDetails is available at schema.org/EnergyConsumptionDetails.

Use the following properties to indicate the energy consumption of a product, such as electrical goods. Currently only EU energy efficiency ratings are supported.

Required properties
hasEnergyEfficiencyCategory

EUEnergyEfficiencyEnumeration

The energy efficiency category of the product. Currently only the EU energy efficiency ratings are supported:

  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA3Plus: The EU Energy Efficiency Class A+++.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA2Plus: The EU Energy Efficiency Class A++.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA1Plus: The EU Energy Efficiency Class A+.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA: The EU Energy Efficiency Class A.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryB: The EU Energy Efficiency Class B.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryC: The EU Energy Efficiency Class C.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryD: The EU Energy Efficiency Class D.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryE: The EU Energy Efficiency Class E.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryF: The EU Energy Efficiency Class F.
  • https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryG: The EU Energy Efficiency Class G.

The short names without the URL prefix are also supported (for example, EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA).
Recommended properties
energyEfficiencyScaleMin and energyEfficiencyScaleMax

EUEnergyEfficiencyEnumeration

The lowest and highest energy efficient class on the regulated EU energy consumption scale for the product category a product belongs to.

See hasEnergyEfficiencyCategory for a list of supported values.

The energyEfficiencyScaleMin property specifies the least efficient class on the energy consumption scale, while energyEfficiencyScaleMax specifies the most efficient class. For example, for a product with an energy efficiency class "C" on a scale from "A+++" to "D", use:

{
  "@type": "EnergyConsumptionDetails",
  "hasEnergyEfficiencyCategory":  "https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryC",
  "energyEfficiencyScaleMin": "https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryD",
  "energyEfficiencyScaleMax": "https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA3Plus"
}

If energyEfficiencyScaleMin is not provided, it is assumed to have the value https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryG. If energyEfficiencyScaleMax is not provided, it is assumed to have the value https://schema.org/EUEnergyEfficiencyCategoryA3Plus.

Certification

The full definition of Certification is available at schema.org/Certification.

Use the following properties to specify the certification.

Required properties
issuedBy

Organization

The authority or certification body responsible for issuing the certification. Use the property name to specify the organization. At this time, we support the following names:

  • EC or European_Commission for energy labels in the EU
  • ADEME for French CO2 emissions classes for vehicles
  • BMWK for German CO2 emissions classes for vehicles
name

Text

The name of the certification. At this time, we support the following values:

  • EPREL, which represents energy efficiency certifications in the EU European Registry for Energy Labeling (EPREL) database.
  • Vehicle_CO2_Class for the overall CO2 class of a vehicle
  • Vehicle_CO2_Class_Discharged_Battery for the CO2 class of a vehicle with a discharged battery
Recommended properties
certificationIdentification

Text

The code of the certification. For example, for the EPREL certificate with the link https://example.com/product/dishwashers2019/123456 the code is 123456. The code is required for European Energy Labels.
certificationRating

Rating

The value of the certification. This property is ignored for certifications that require a certification code, like EPREL, but can be provided for specific certifications where a code isn't applicable. Specifically, the value of the appropriate CO2 Emission Class is required when listing vehicles in some countries. The following properties can be nested in the certificationRating property:

  • ratingValue
  • bestRating
  • worstRating

The ratingValue is required when the certificationRating is used.

Shipping

OfferShippingDetails

OfferShippingDetails enables people to see shipping costs and estimated delivery timeframes based on their location and your company's shipping policies. To make your products eligible for the shipping details enhancement, add the following OfferShippingDetails properties to your product pages in addition to Product structured data.

Sometimes merchants might have multiple options for users to select when shipping a product to a destination (for example, Express Overnight, Rushed 2-day, and Standard). You can indicate each of these by using multiple shippingDetails properties, each with different combinations of the shippingRate and deliveryTime properties.

While OfferShippingDetails isn't required, the following properties are required if you want your shipping details to be eligible for the shipping details enhancement.

The full definition of OfferShippingDetails is available at schema.org/OfferShippingDetails.

Required properties
deliveryTime

ShippingDeliveryTime

The total delay between the receipt of the order and the goods reaching the final customer. The following properties can be nested in the deliveryTime property:

  • handlingTime
  • transitTime

Don't provide more than one deliveryTime. See also the list of ShippingDeliveryTime properties supported by Google.
shippingDestination

DefinedRegion

Indicates shipping destinations. Specify the shippingDestination.addressCountry information. See also the list of DefinedRegion properties supported by Google.
shippingRate

MonetaryAmount

Information about the cost of shipping to the specified destination. At least one of shippingRate.value or shippingRate.maxValue must be specified, along with shippingRate.currency.

You can only specify one shippingRate per OfferShippingDetails property. To indicate multiple rates for your product, specify multiple OfferShippingDetail properties.
shippingRate.currency

Text

The currency of the shipping cost, in 3-letter ISO 4217 format. The currency must be the same as the currency of the offer.
shippingRate.value or shippingRate.maxValue

Number

The cost of shipping to the shippingDestination. If a string is used to provide the value, don't include currency symbols, thousands separators, or spaces.

To specify free shipping, set the value to 0.

DefinedRegion

DefinedRegion is used to create custom areas so that accurate shipping costs and transit times can be set across multiple shipping services. This is currently only supported for a restricted set of countries, as documented in Set up regions in Google Merchant Center Help.

Required properties
addressCountry

Text

The two-letter country code, in ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 format.
Recommended properties
Choose either addressRegion or postalCode

Identifies the region for the customer delivery area. If omitted, the whole country is the defined region. Multiple regions can be listed, but you cannot mix different ways of specifying the regions in one DefinedRegion instance.
addressRegion

Text

If you include this property, the region must be a 2- or 3-digit ISO 3166-2 subdivision code, without country prefix. Currently, Google Search only supports the US, Australia, and Japan. Examples: "NY" (for US, state of New York), "NSW" (for Australia, state of New South Wales), or "03" (for Japan, Iwate prefecture).

Do not provide both a region and postal code information.
postalCode

Text

The postal code. For example, 94043. Currently postal codes are supported for Australia, Canada, and the US.

ShippingDeliveryTime

ShippingDeliveryTime is used to share the total delay between the receipt of an order and the goods reaching the final customer.

Recommended properties
handlingTime

QuantitativeValue (for shipping times)

The typical delay between the receipt of the order and the goods leaving the warehouse.
transitTime

QuantitativeValue (for shipping times)

The typical delay between when the order has been sent for delivery and when the goods reach the final customer.

QuantitativeValue (for shipping times)

QuantitativeValue is used here to represent shipping times. A minimum and maximum number of days must be specified. (QuantitativeValue is also used for unity pricing, with different validation rules for properties.)

Required properties
maxValue

Number

The maximum number of days. The value must be a non-negative, whole number.
minValue

Number

The minimum number of days. The value must be a non-negative, whole number.
unitCode

Text

The units of the minimum/maximum values. The value must be DAY or d.

Returns

MerchantReturnPolicy

Use the following properties to make your merchant listing eligible to show return policy information, including return fees and the window of time to return a product.

Required properties
applicableCountry

Text

The country code that the return policy applies to, using the two-letter ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code formatting. You can specify up to 50 countries.
returnPolicyCategory

MerchantReturnEnumeration

The type of return policy. Use one of the following values:

  • https://schema.org/MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow: There's a set number of days to return a product.
  • https://schema.org/MerchantReturnNotPermitted: Returns aren't permitted.
  • https://schema.org/MerchantReturnUnlimitedWindow: There's an unlimited amount of time to return a product.

If you use MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow, then the merchantReturnDays property is required.

Recommended properties
merchantReturnDays

Integer

The number of days from the delivery date that a product can be returned. This property is only required if you set the returnPolicyCategory to MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow.
returnFees

ReturnFeesEnumeration

The type of return fees. Use one of the following supported values:

  • https://schema.org/FreeReturn: There's no charge to the consumer to return the product. If used, don't include the returnShippingFeesAmount property.
  • https://schema.org/ReturnFeesCustomerResponsibility: The consumer needs to handle and pay for the return shipping themselves. If used, don't include the returnShippingFeesAmount property.
  • https://schema.org/ReturnShippingFees: There's a shipping fee charged by the merchant to the consumer to return the product. Specify the (non-zero) shipping fee using the returnShippingFeesAmount property.
returnMethod

ReturnMethodEnumeration

The type of return method offered. This is only recommended if you set the returnPolicyCategory to either MerchantReturnFiniteReturnWindow or MerchantReturnUnlimitedWindow. Use one or more of the following values:

  • https://schema.org/ReturnAtKiosk: The item can be returned at a kiosk.
  • https://schema.org/ReturnByMail: The item can be returned by mail.
  • https://schema.org/ReturnInStore: The item can be returned in store.
returnShippingFeesAmount

MonetaryAmount

The cost of shipping for returning a product. This property is only required if there's a non-zero shipping fee to be paid by the consumer to the merchant to return a product, in which case returnFees must be set to https://schema.org/ReturnShippingFees). If the return is free, returnFees must be set to https://schema.org/FreeReturn. If the consumer needs to handle, and pay for, the return shipping cost, returnFees must be set to https://schema.org/ReturnFeesCustomerResponsibility.

Alternative approaches to configuring shipping and return settings with Google

Retailer shipping policies can get complicated and may change frequently. If you're having trouble indicating and keeping your shipping and return details up-to-date with markup and have a Google Merchant Center account, consider configuring your shipping settings and return policies in Google Merchant Center Help. You can alternatively configure account-level shipping and return policies in Search Console, which get automatically added to Merchant Center.

Combining multiple shipping and return configurations

If you're combining various shipping and return configurations, keep in mind how you can override your policy information based on the order of precedence. For example, if you provide both organization-level markup on your site and return policy settings in Search Console, Google will only use the information provided in Search Console. If you submit a product feed in Merchant Center and configure shipping settings in Search Console, your Merchent Center feed information overrides your Search Console settings.

Here's what takes precedence for shipping and return policy information (ordered by strength, with feeds being the strongest):

Monitor rich results with Search Console

Search Console is a tool that helps you monitor how your pages perform in Google Search. You don't have to sign up for Search Console to be included in Google Search results, but it can help you understand and improve how Google sees your site. We recommend checking Search Console in the following cases:

  1. After deploying structured data for the first time
  2. After releasing new templates or updating your code
  3. Analyzing traffic periodically

After deploying structured data for the first time

After Google has indexed your pages, look for issues using the relevant Rich result status report. Ideally, there will be an increase of valid items, and no increase in invalid items. If you find issues in your structured data:

  1. Fix the invalid items.
  2. Inspect a live URL to check if the issue persists.
  3. Request validation using the status report.

After releasing new templates or updating your code

When you make significant changes to your website, monitor for increases in structured data invalid items.
  • If you see an increase in invalid items, perhaps you rolled out a new template that doesn't work, or your site interacts with the existing template in a new and bad way.
  • If you see a decrease in valid items (not matched by an increase in invalid items), perhaps you are no longer embedding structured data in your pages. Use the URL Inspection tool to learn what is causing the issue.

Analyzing traffic periodically

Analyze your Google Search traffic using the Performance Report. The data will show you how often your page appears as a rich result in Search, how often users click on it and what is the average position you appear on search results. You can also automatically pull these results with the Search Console API.

There are two Search Console reports related to Product structured data:

Both reports provide warnings and errors related to Product structured data, but are separate due to the different requirements for the associated experiences. For example, the Merchant listings report includes checks for product snippets that include Offer structured data, so the Product snippets report only needs to be consulted for non-merchant listing pages.

Troubleshooting

If you're having trouble implementing or debugging structured data, here are some resources that may help you.

  • If you're using a content management system (CMS) or someone else is taking care of your site, ask them to help you. Make sure to forward any Search Console message that details the issue to them.
  • Google does not guarantee that features that consume structured data will show up in search results. For a list of common reasons why Google may not show your content in a rich result, see the General Structured Data Guidelines.
  • You might have an error in your structured data. Check the list of structured data errors and the Unparsable structured data report.
  • If you received a structured data manual action against your page, the structured data on the page will be ignored (although the page can still appear in Google Search results). To fix structured data issues, use the Manual Actions report.
  • Review the guidelines again to identify if your content isn't compliant with the guidelines. The problem can be caused by either spammy content or spammy markup usage. However, the issue may not be a syntax issue, and so the Rich Results Test won't be able to identify these issues.
  • Troubleshoot missing rich results / drop in total rich results.
  • Allow time for re-crawling and re-indexing. Remember that it may take several days after publishing a page for Google to find and crawl it. For general questions about crawling and indexing, check the Google Search crawling and indexing FAQ.
  • Post a question in the Google Search Central forum.