本快速入門課程會建立簡單的 Google Workspace 外掛程式，示範首頁、情境觸發條件，以及連結至第三方 API。
這個外掛程式會在 Gmail、日曆和雲端硬碟中建立情境和非情境介面。外掛程式會隨機顯示貓咪圖片，並在圖片上疊加文字。文字為主畫面的靜態文字，或來自主機應用程式內容相關觸發事件的內容。
目標
- 設定環境。
- 設定指令碼。
- 執行指令碼。
必要條件
如要使用這個範例，您必須具備下列先決條件：
- Google 帳戶 (Google Workspace 帳戶可能需要管理員核准)。
可連上網際網路的網路瀏覽器。
設定環境
在 Google Cloud 控制台中開啟 Cloud 專案
如果尚未開啟，請開啟要用於本範例的 Cloud 專案：
- 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往「Select a project」頁面。
- 選取要使用的 Google Cloud 專案。或者，您也可以按一下「建立專案」，然後按照畫面上的指示操作。如果您建立 Google Cloud 專案，可能需要為專案啟用計費功能。
設定 OAuth 同意畫面
Google Workspace 外掛程式需要設定同意畫面。設定外掛程式的 OAuth 同意畫面，可定義 Google 向使用者顯示的內容。
- 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，依序前往「選單」 >「API 和服務」 >「OAuth 同意畫面」。
- 在「使用者類型」部分，選取「內部」，然後按一下「建立」。
- 填寫應用程式註冊表單，然後按一下「儲存並繼續」。
目前您可以略過新增範圍，直接按一下「儲存並繼續」。日後，如果您建立的應用程式是用於 Google Workspace 機構以外的環境，就必須將使用者類型變更為外部，然後新增應用程式所需的授權範圍。
- 查看應用程式註冊摘要。如要修改資訊，請按一下「編輯」。如果應用程式註冊看起來沒問題，請按一下「Back to Dashboard」。
設定指令碼
建立 Apps Script 專案
- 如要建立新的 Apps Script 專案，請前往 script.new。
- 按一下「Untitled project」。
- 重新命名 Apps 指令碼專案「Cats」，然後按一下「Rename」。
- 在
Code.gs檔案旁邊，依序按一下「更多」圖示 >「重新命名」。將檔案命名為Common。 - 依序點選「新增檔案」
>「Script」。將檔案命名為
Gmail。 - 重複執行步驟 5，建立另外 2 個名為
Calendar和Drive的腳本檔案。完成後，您應該會有 4 個獨立的指令碼檔案。 將每個檔案的內容替換成以下對應的程式碼：
Common.gs
/** * This simple Google Workspace Add-on shows a random image of a cat in the * sidebar. When opened manually (the homepage card), some static text is * overlayed on the image, but when contextual cards are opened a new cat image * is shown with the text taken from that context (such as a message's subject * line) overlaying the image. There is also a button that updates the card with * a new random cat image. * * Click "File > Make a copy..." to copy the script, and "Publish > Deploy from * manifest > Install add-on" to install it. */ /** * The maximum number of characters that can fit in the cat image. */ var MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 40; /** * Callback for rendering the homepage card. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onHomepage(e) { console.log(e); var hour = Number(Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), e.userTimezone.id, 'H')); var message; if (hour >= 6 && hour < 12) { message = 'Good morning'; } else if (hour >= 12 && hour < 18) { message = 'Good afternoon'; } else { message = 'Good night'; } message += ' ' + e.hostApp; return createCatCard(message, true); } /** * Creates a card with an image of a cat, overlayed with the text. * @param {String} text The text to overlay on the image. * @param {Boolean} isHomepage True if the card created here is a homepage; * false otherwise. Defaults to false. * @return {CardService.Card} The assembled card. */ function createCatCard(text, isHomepage) { // Explicitly set the value of isHomepage as false if null or undefined. if (!isHomepage) { isHomepage = false; } // Use the "Cat as a service" API to get the cat image. Add a "time" URL // parameter to act as a cache buster. var now = new Date(); // Replace forward slashes in the text, as they break the CataaS API. var caption = text.replace(/\//g, ' '); var imageUrl = Utilities.formatString('https://cataas.com/cat/says/%s?time=%s', encodeURIComponent(caption), now.getTime()); var image = CardService.newImage() .setImageUrl(imageUrl) .setAltText('Meow') // Create a button that changes the cat image when pressed. // Note: Action parameter keys and values must be strings. var action = CardService.newAction() .setFunctionName('onChangeCat') .setParameters({text: text, isHomepage: isHomepage.toString()}); var button = CardService.newTextButton() .setText('Change cat') .setOnClickAction(action) .setTextButtonStyle(CardService.TextButtonStyle.FILLED); var buttonSet = CardService.newButtonSet() .addButton(button); // Create a footer to be shown at the bottom. var footer = CardService.newFixedFooter() .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton() .setText('Powered by cataas.com') .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink() .setUrl('https://cataas.com'))); // Assemble the widgets and return the card. var section = CardService.newCardSection() .addWidget(image) .addWidget(buttonSet); var card = CardService.newCardBuilder() .addSection(section) .setFixedFooter(footer); if (!isHomepage) { // Create the header shown when the card is minimized, // but only when this card is a contextual card. Peek headers // are never used by non-contexual cards like homepages. var peekHeader = CardService.newCardHeader() .setTitle('Contextual Cat') .setImageUrl('https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png') .setSubtitle(text); card.setPeekCardHeader(peekHeader) } return card.build(); } /** * Callback for the "Change cat" button. * @param {Object} e The event object, documented {@link * https://developers.google.com/gmail/add-ons/concepts/actions#action_event_objects * here}. * @return {CardService.ActionResponse} The action response to apply. */ function onChangeCat(e) { console.log(e); // Get the text that was shown in the current cat image. This was passed as a // parameter on the Action set for the button. var text = e.parameters.text; // The isHomepage parameter is passed as a string, so convert to a Boolean. var isHomepage = e.parameters.isHomepage === 'true'; // Create a new card with the same text. var card = createCatCard(text, isHomepage); // Create an action response that instructs the add-on to replace // the current card with the new one. var navigation = CardService.newNavigation() .updateCard(card); var actionResponse = CardService.newActionResponseBuilder() .setNavigation(navigation); return actionResponse.build(); } /** * Truncate a message to fit in the cat image. * @param {string} message The message to truncate. * @return {string} The truncated message. */ function truncate(message) { if (message.length > MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH) { message = message.slice(0, MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH); message = message.slice(0, message.lastIndexOf(' ')) + '...'; } return message; }
Gmail.gs
/** * Callback for rendering the card for a specific Gmail message. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onGmailMessage(e) { console.log(e); // Get the ID of the message the user has open. var messageId = e.gmail.messageId; // Get an access token scoped to the current message and use it for GmailApp // calls. var accessToken = e.gmail.accessToken; GmailApp.setCurrentMessageAccessToken(accessToken); // Get the subject of the email. var message = GmailApp.getMessageById(messageId); var subject = message.getThread().getFirstMessageSubject(); // Remove labels and prefixes. subject = subject .replace(/^([rR][eE]|[fF][wW][dD])\:\s*/, '') .replace(/^\[.*?\]\s*/, ''); // If neccessary, truncate the subject to fit in the image. subject = truncate(subject); return createCatCard(subject); } /** * Callback for rendering the card for the compose action dialog. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onGmailCompose(e) { console.log(e); var header = CardService.newCardHeader() .setTitle('Insert cat') .setSubtitle('Add a custom cat image to your email message.'); // Create text input for entering the cat's message. var input = CardService.newTextInput() .setFieldName('text') .setTitle('Caption') .setHint('What do you want the cat to say?'); // Create a button that inserts the cat image when pressed. var action = CardService.newAction() .setFunctionName('onGmailInsertCat'); var button = CardService.newTextButton() .setText('Insert cat') .setOnClickAction(action) .setTextButtonStyle(CardService.TextButtonStyle.FILLED); var buttonSet = CardService.newButtonSet() .addButton(button); // Assemble the widgets and return the card. var section = CardService.newCardSection() .addWidget(input) .addWidget(buttonSet); var card = CardService.newCardBuilder() .setHeader(header) .addSection(section); return card.build(); } /** * Callback for inserting a cat into the Gmail draft. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.UpdateDraftActionResponse} The draft update response. */ function onGmailInsertCat(e) { console.log(e); // Get the text that was entered by the user. var text = e.formInput.text; // Use the "Cat as a service" API to get the cat image. Add a "time" URL // parameter to act as a cache buster. var now = new Date(); var imageUrl = 'https://cataas.com/cat'; if (text) { // Replace forward slashes in the text, as they break the CataaS API. var caption = text.replace(/\//g, ' '); imageUrl += Utilities.formatString('/says/%s?time=%s', encodeURIComponent(caption), now.getTime()); } var imageHtmlContent = '<img style="display: block; max-height: 300px;" src="' + imageUrl + '"/>'; var response = CardService.newUpdateDraftActionResponseBuilder() .setUpdateDraftBodyAction(CardService.newUpdateDraftBodyAction() .addUpdateContent(imageHtmlContent,CardService.ContentType.MUTABLE_HTML) .setUpdateType(CardService.UpdateDraftBodyType.IN_PLACE_INSERT)) .build(); return response; }
Calendar.gs
/** * Callback for rendering the card for a specific Calendar event. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onCalendarEventOpen(e) { console.log(e); var calendar = CalendarApp.getCalendarById(e.calendar.calendarId); // The event metadata doesn't include the event's title, so using the // calendar.readonly scope and fetching the event by it's ID. var event = calendar.getEventById(e.calendar.id); if (!event) { // This is a new event still being created. return createCatCard('A new event! Am I invited?'); } var title = event.getTitle(); // If necessary, truncate the title to fit in the image. title = truncate(title); return createCatCard(title); }
Drive.gs
/** * Callback for rendering the card for specific Drive items. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onDriveItemsSelected(e) { console.log(e); var items = e.drive.selectedItems; // Include at most 5 items in the text. items = items.slice(0, 5); var text = items.map(function(item) { var title = item.title; // If neccessary, truncate the title to fit in the image. title = truncate(title); return title; }).join('\n'); return createCatCard(text); }
按一下「Project Settings」圖示
。勾選「在編輯器中顯示『appsscript.json』資訊清單檔案」方塊。
按一下「編輯器」圖示 。
開啟
appsscript.json檔案，然後將內容替換為下列程式碼，然後按一下「Save」(儲存)
。appsscript.json
{ "timeZone": "America/New_York", "dependencies": { }, "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER", "oauthScopes": [ "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.addons.execute", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.addons.metadata.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.current.action.compose", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.current.message.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.execute", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.locale"], "runtimeVersion": "V8", "addOns": { "common": { "name": "Cats", "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png", "useLocaleFromApp": true, "homepageTrigger": { "runFunction": "onHomepage", "enabled": true }, "universalActions": [{ "label": "Learn more about Cataas", "openLink": "https://cataas.com" }] }, "gmail": { "contextualTriggers": [{ "unconditional": { }, "onTriggerFunction": "onGmailMessage" }], "composeTrigger": { "selectActions": [{ "text": "Insert cat", "runFunction": "onGmailCompose" }], "draftAccess": "NONE" } }, "drive": { "onItemsSelectedTrigger": { "runFunction": "onDriveItemsSelected" } }, "calendar": { "eventOpenTrigger": { "runFunction": "onCalendarEventOpen" } } } }
複製 Cloud 專案編號
- 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，依序前往「Menu」(選單) >「IAM & Admin」(IAM 與管理)>「Settings」(設定)。
- 在「專案編號」欄位中複製值。
設定 Apps Script 專案的 Cloud 專案
- 在 Apps Script 專案中，按一下「Project Settings」圖示 。
- 在「Google Cloud Platform (GCP) 專案」下方，按一下「變更專案」。
- 在「GCP 專案編號」中貼上 Google Cloud 專案編號。
- 按一下「設定專案」。
安裝測試部署作業
- 在 Apps Script 專案中，按一下「編輯器」圖示 。
- 依序按一下「部署」>「測試部署作業」。
- 依序點選「安裝」>「完成」。
執行指令碼
- 前往 Gmail。
- 如要開啟外掛程式，請在右側面板中按一下「貓咪」圖示 。
- 如果出現提示，請授權使用外掛程式。
- 外掛程式會顯示貓咪圖片和文字。如要變更圖片，請按一下「變更分類」。
- 如果在外掛程式開啟的情況下開啟電子郵件，圖片會重新整理，文字則會變更為電子郵件的主旨行 (如果太長，則會截斷)。
日曆和雲端硬碟也有類似的功能。您不需要重新授權外掛程式，即可在這些主機應用程式中使用。