本快速入門導覽課程會建立一個簡單的 Google Workspace 外掛程式，用於示範首頁、內容相關觸發條件及連結至第三方 API。
這個外掛程式可在 Gmail、日曆和雲端硬碟中建立情境和非關聯的介面這個外掛程式會在圖片上顯示隨機顯示的貓咪圖片。文字可以是首頁的靜態文字，或從主機應用程式內容擷取，以用於內容觸發條件。
目標
- 設定環境。
- 設定指令碼。
- 執行指令碼。
先備知識
如要使用這個範例，您必須具備下列先決條件：
- Google 帳戶 (Google Workspace 帳戶可能需要管理員核准)。
可存取網際網路的網路瀏覽器。
設定環境
在 Google Cloud 控制台中開啟 Cloud 專案
如果尚未開啟，請開啟要用於這個範例的 Cloud 專案：
- 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往「Select a project」(選取專案) 頁面。
- 選取要使用的 Google Cloud 專案。或是按一下「建立專案」，然後按照畫面上的指示操作。如要建立 Google Cloud 專案，您可能需要開啟該專案的計費功能。
設定 OAuth 同意畫面
必須為 Google Workspace 外掛程式設定同意畫面。設定外掛程式的 OAuth 同意畫面，會定義 Google 向使用者顯示的內容。
- 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，依序前往「選單」圖示 >「API 和服務」>「OAuth 同意畫面」。
- 在「使用者類型」部分選取「內部」，然後按一下「建立」。
- 填寫應用程式註冊表單，然後按一下「儲存並繼續」。
您現在可以略過新增範圍的步驟，然後按一下「儲存並繼續」。 日後建立要在 Google Workspace 機構外部使用的應用程式時，您必須將「使用者類型」變更為「外部」，再新增應用程式所需的授權範圍。
- 查看應用程式註冊摘要。如要修改資訊，請按一下「編輯」。如果應用程式註冊正確無誤，請按一下「Back to Dashboard」(返回資訊主頁)。
設定指令碼
建立 Apps Script 專案
- 如要建立新的 Apps Script 專案，請前往 script.new。
- 按一下「未命名的專案」。
- 將 Apps Script 專案「Cats」重新命名，然後按一下「重新命名」。
- 依序按一下
Code.gs檔案旁邊的「更多」圖示 >「Rename」。命名檔案Common。 - 依序按一下「新增檔案」圖示
>「指令碼」。命名檔案
Gmail。 - 重複步驟 5，建立另外 2 個名稱為
Calendar和Drive的指令碼檔案。完成後，您會需要 4 個不同的指令碼檔案。 將每個檔案的內容替換為以下對應的程式碼：
Common.gs
/** * This simple Google Workspace Add-on shows a random image of a cat in the * sidebar. When opened manually (the homepage card), some static text is * overlayed on the image, but when contextual cards are opened a new cat image * is shown with the text taken from that context (such as a message's subject * line) overlaying the image. There is also a button that updates the card with * a new random cat image. * * Click "File > Make a copy..." to copy the script, and "Publish > Deploy from * manifest > Install add-on" to install it. */ /** * The maximum number of characters that can fit in the cat image. */ var MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH = 40; /** * Callback for rendering the homepage card. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onHomepage(e) { console.log(e); var hour = Number(Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), e.userTimezone.id, 'H')); var message; if (hour >= 6 && hour < 12) { message = 'Good morning'; } else if (hour >= 12 && hour < 18) { message = 'Good afternoon'; } else { message = 'Good night'; } message += ' ' + e.hostApp; return createCatCard(message, true); } /** * Creates a card with an image of a cat, overlayed with the text. * @param {String} text The text to overlay on the image. * @param {Boolean} isHomepage True if the card created here is a homepage; * false otherwise. Defaults to false. * @return {CardService.Card} The assembled card. */ function createCatCard(text, isHomepage) { // Explicitly set the value of isHomepage as false if null or undefined. if (!isHomepage) { isHomepage = false; } // Use the "Cat as a service" API to get the cat image. Add a "time" URL // parameter to act as a cache buster. var now = new Date(); // Replace forward slashes in the text, as they break the CataaS API. var caption = text.replace(/\//g, ' '); var imageUrl = Utilities.formatString('https://cataas.com/cat/says/%s?time=%s', encodeURIComponent(caption), now.getTime()); var image = CardService.newImage() .setImageUrl(imageUrl) .setAltText('Meow') // Create a button that changes the cat image when pressed. // Note: Action parameter keys and values must be strings. var action = CardService.newAction() .setFunctionName('onChangeCat') .setParameters({text: text, isHomepage: isHomepage.toString()}); var button = CardService.newTextButton() .setText('Change cat') .setOnClickAction(action) .setTextButtonStyle(CardService.TextButtonStyle.FILLED); var buttonSet = CardService.newButtonSet() .addButton(button); // Create a footer to be shown at the bottom. var footer = CardService.newFixedFooter() .setPrimaryButton(CardService.newTextButton() .setText('Powered by cataas.com') .setOpenLink(CardService.newOpenLink() .setUrl('https://cataas.com'))); // Assemble the widgets and return the card. var section = CardService.newCardSection() .addWidget(image) .addWidget(buttonSet); var card = CardService.newCardBuilder() .addSection(section) .setFixedFooter(footer); if (!isHomepage) { // Create the header shown when the card is minimized, // but only when this card is a contextual card. Peek headers // are never used by non-contexual cards like homepages. var peekHeader = CardService.newCardHeader() .setTitle('Contextual Cat') .setImageUrl('https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png') .setSubtitle(text); card.setPeekCardHeader(peekHeader) } return card.build(); } /** * Callback for the "Change cat" button. * @param {Object} e The event object, documented {@link * https://developers.google.com/gmail/add-ons/concepts/actions#action_event_objects * here}. * @return {CardService.ActionResponse} The action response to apply. */ function onChangeCat(e) { console.log(e); // Get the text that was shown in the current cat image. This was passed as a // parameter on the Action set for the button. var text = e.parameters.text; // The isHomepage parameter is passed as a string, so convert to a Boolean. var isHomepage = e.parameters.isHomepage === 'true'; // Create a new card with the same text. var card = createCatCard(text, isHomepage); // Create an action response that instructs the add-on to replace // the current card with the new one. var navigation = CardService.newNavigation() .updateCard(card); var actionResponse = CardService.newActionResponseBuilder() .setNavigation(navigation); return actionResponse.build(); } /** * Truncate a message to fit in the cat image. * @param {string} message The message to truncate. * @return {string} The truncated message. */ function truncate(message) { if (message.length > MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH) { message = message.slice(0, MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH); message = message.slice(0, message.lastIndexOf(' ')) + '...'; } return message; }Gmail.gs
/** * Callback for rendering the card for a specific Gmail message. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onGmailMessage(e) { console.log(e); // Get the ID of the message the user has open. var messageId = e.gmail.messageId; // Get an access token scoped to the current message and use it for GmailApp // calls. var accessToken = e.gmail.accessToken; GmailApp.setCurrentMessageAccessToken(accessToken); // Get the subject of the email. var message = GmailApp.getMessageById(messageId); var subject = message.getThread().getFirstMessageSubject(); // Remove labels and prefixes. subject = subject .replace(/^([rR][eE]|[fF][wW][dD])\:\s*/, '') .replace(/^\[.*?\]\s*/, ''); // If neccessary, truncate the subject to fit in the image. subject = truncate(subject); return createCatCard(subject); } /** * Callback for rendering the card for the compose action dialog. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onGmailCompose(e) { console.log(e); var header = CardService.newCardHeader() .setTitle('Insert cat') .setSubtitle('Add a custom cat image to your email message.'); // Create text input for entering the cat's message. var input = CardService.newTextInput() .setFieldName('text') .setTitle('Caption') .setHint('What do you want the cat to say?'); // Create a button that inserts the cat image when pressed. var action = CardService.newAction() .setFunctionName('onGmailInsertCat'); var button = CardService.newTextButton() .setText('Insert cat') .setOnClickAction(action) .setTextButtonStyle(CardService.TextButtonStyle.FILLED); var buttonSet = CardService.newButtonSet() .addButton(button); // Assemble the widgets and return the card. var section = CardService.newCardSection() .addWidget(input) .addWidget(buttonSet); var card = CardService.newCardBuilder() .setHeader(header) .addSection(section); return card.build(); } /** * Callback for inserting a cat into the Gmail draft. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.UpdateDraftActionResponse} The draft update response. */ function onGmailInsertCat(e) { console.log(e); // Get the text that was entered by the user. var text = e.formInput.text; // Use the "Cat as a service" API to get the cat image. Add a "time" URL // parameter to act as a cache buster. var now = new Date(); var imageUrl = 'https://cataas.com/cat'; if (text) { // Replace forward slashes in the text, as they break the CataaS API. var caption = text.replace(/\//g, ' '); imageUrl += Utilities.formatString('/says/%s?time=%s', encodeURIComponent(caption), now.getTime()); } var imageHtmlContent = '<img style="display: block; max-height: 300px;" src="' + imageUrl + '"/>'; var response = CardService.newUpdateDraftActionResponseBuilder() .setUpdateDraftBodyAction(CardService.newUpdateDraftBodyAction() .addUpdateContent(imageHtmlContent,CardService.ContentType.MUTABLE_HTML) .setUpdateType(CardService.UpdateDraftBodyType.IN_PLACE_INSERT)) .build(); return response; }Calendar.gs
/** * Callback for rendering the card for a specific Calendar event. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onCalendarEventOpen(e) { console.log(e); var calendar = CalendarApp.getCalendarById(e.calendar.calendarId); // The event metadata doesn't include the event's title, so using the // calendar.readonly scope and fetching the event by it's ID. var event = calendar.getEventById(e.calendar.id); if (!event) { // This is a new event still being created. return createCatCard('A new event! Am I invited?'); } var title = event.getTitle(); // If necessary, truncate the title to fit in the image. title = truncate(title); return createCatCard(title); }Drive.gs
/** * Callback for rendering the card for specific Drive items. * @param {Object} e The event object. * @return {CardService.Card} The card to show to the user. */ function onDriveItemsSelected(e) { console.log(e); var items = e.drive.selectedItems; // Include at most 5 items in the text. items = items.slice(0, 5); var text = items.map(function(item) { var title = item.title; // If neccessary, truncate the title to fit in the image. title = truncate(title); return title; }).join('\n'); return createCatCard(text); }按一下「專案設定」圖示
。勾選「在編輯器中顯示「appsscript.json」資訊清單檔案」方塊。
按一下「編輯器」圖示 。
開啟
appsscript.json檔案，將內容替換為下列程式碼，然後按一下「儲存
」。appsscript.json
{ "timeZone": "America/New_York", "dependencies": { }, "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER", "oauthScopes": [ "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.addons.execute", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/calendar.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.addons.metadata.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.current.action.compose", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.current.message.readonly", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.addons.execute", "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.locale"], "runtimeVersion": "V8", "addOns": { "common": { "name": "Cats", "logoUrl": "https://www.gstatic.com/images/icons/material/system/1x/pets_black_48dp.png", "useLocaleFromApp": true, "homepageTrigger": { "runFunction": "onHomepage", "enabled": true }, "universalActions": [{ "label": "Learn more about Cataas", "openLink": "https://cataas.com" }] }, "gmail": { "contextualTriggers": [{ "unconditional": { }, "onTriggerFunction": "onGmailMessage" }], "composeTrigger": { "selectActions": [{ "text": "Insert cat", "runFunction": "onGmailCompose" }], "draftAccess": "NONE" } }, "drive": { "onItemsSelectedTrigger": { "runFunction": "onDriveItemsSelected" } }, "calendar": { "eventOpenTrigger": { "runFunction": "onCalendarEventOpen" } } } }
複製 Cloud 專案編號
- 在 Google Cloud 控制台中，依序點選「選單」圖示 >「IAM 與管理」>>「設定」。
- 複製「Project number」欄位中的值。
設定 Apps Script 專案的 Cloud 專案
- 在 Apps Script 專案中，按一下「Project Settings」圖示 。
- 在「Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Project」(Google Cloud Platform (GCP) 專案) 下方，按一下 [變更專案]。
- 在「GCP 專案編號」中，貼上 Google Cloud 專案編號。
- 按一下「設定專案」。
安裝測試部署作業
- 在 Apps Script 專案中按一下「Editor」。
- 依序點選「部署」>「測試部署作業」。
- 依序點選「安裝」>「完成」。
執行指令碼
- 前往 Gmail。
- 如要開啟外掛程式，請在右側面板中按一下「Cats」圖示 。
- 如果系統顯示提示，請授權外掛程式。
- 這個外掛程式顯示貓咪圖片和文字。如要變更圖片，請按一下「Change cat」。
- 如果您在外掛程式開啟時開啟電子郵件，圖片會重新整理，文字則會變更為電子郵件的主旨行 (如果過長，就會遭到截斷)。
您可以在 Google 日曆和雲端硬碟中看到類似功能。您不需要重新授權外掛程式，就能在這些代管應用程式中使用該外掛程式。