ハウツー（HowTo）の構造化データ

Text

The title of the how-to. For example, "How to tie a tie".

An array of HowToStep elements which comprise the full instructions of the how-to. Each step element must correspond to an individual step in the instructions. Don't mark up non-step data such as a summary or introduction section, using this property. For example:

• You can specify the complete text for each step by setting the text of each HowToStep. An image, the title of a step given as name, and url are optional, but recommended, since optional properties may contribute to a rich presentation of the search result.

  
  "step":[
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "text": "Button your shirt how you'd like to wear it, then drape the tie around your neck. Make the thick end about 1/3rd longer than the short end. For formal button down shirts, it usually works best with the small end of the tie between 4th and 5th button.",
      "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "text": "Cross the long end over the short end. This will form the basis for your knot.",
      "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "text": "Bring the long end back under the short end, then throw it back over the top of the short end in the other direction. ",
      "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "text": "Now pull the long and through the loop near your neck, forming another loop near your neck.",
      "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "text": "Pull the long end through that new loop and tighten to fit! ",
      "image": "https://example.com/1x1/photo.jpg"
    }
  ]

• For complex steps, you can provide a step name and list individual substeps using HowToDirection or HowToTip.

  
  "step": [
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Prepare the surfaces",
      "itemListElement": [{
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "First please turn off the power to the kitchen and then remove everything that is on the wall, such as outlet covers, switchplates, and any other item in the area that is to be tiled."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Then clean the surface thoroughly to remove any grease or other debris and tape off the area."
      }],
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "height": "406",
        "width": "305"
      }
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Plan your layout",
      "itemListElement": [{
        "@type": "HowToTip",
        "text": "The creases created up until this point will be guiding lines for creating the four walls of your planter box."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Lift one side at a 90-degree angle, and fold it in place so that the point on the paper matches the other two points already in the center."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Repeat on the other side."
      }],
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "height": "406",
        "width": "305"
      }
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Prepare your and apply mortar (or choose adhesive tile)",
      "itemListElement": [{
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Follow the instructions on your thin-set mortar to determine the right amount of water to fill in your bucket. Once done, add the powder gradually and make sure it is thoroughly mixed."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Once mixed, let it stand for a few minutes before mixing it again. This time don't add more water. Double check your thin-set mortar instructions to make sure the consistency is right."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Spread the mortar on a small section of the wall with a trowel."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToTip",
        "text": "Thinset and other adhesives set quickly so make sure to work in a small area."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Once it's applied, comb over it with a notched trowel."
      }],
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "height": "406",
        "width": "305"
      }
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Add your tile to the wall",
      "itemListElement": [{
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Place the tile sheets along the wall, making sure to add spacers so the tiles remain lined up."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Press the first piece of tile into the wall with a little twist, leaving a small (usually one-eight inch) gap at the countertop to account for expansion. use a rubber float to press the tile and ensure it sets in the adhesive."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Repeat the mortar and tiling until your wall is completely tiled, Working in small sections."
      }],
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "height": "406",
        "width": "305"
      }
    }, {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Apply the grout",
      "itemListElement": [{
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Allow the thin-set mortar to set. This usually takes about 12 hours. Don't mix the grout before the mortar is set, because you don't want the grout to dry out!"
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "To apply, cover the area thoroughly with grout and make sure you fill all the joints by spreading it across the tiles vertically, horizontally, and diagonally. Then fill any remaining voids with grout."
      }, {
        "@type": "HowToDirection",
        "text": "Then, with a moist sponge, sponge away the excess grout and then wipe clean with a towel. For easier maintenance in the future, think about applying a grout sealer."
      }],
      "image": {
        "@type": "ImageObject",
        "url": "https://example.com/photos/1x1/photo.jpg",
        "height": "406",
        "width": "305"
      }
    }
  ]

An array of HowToSection elements which comprise the full instructions of this HowTo. For example:

"step":[
  {
    "@type": "HowToSection",
    "name": "Choose a Tie",
    "itemListElement": [
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Choose a color",
        "text": "Pick a tie that matches your shirt color. Contrasting colors can be fun!"
      },
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Choose a pattern",
        "text": "A tie with a pattern can add flare to your outfit. Make sure the pattern is not
                 too noisy against your shirt"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "@type": "HowToSection",
    "name": "Put on the Tie",
    "itemListElement": [
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Arrange the Tie",
        "text": "Stand in front of the mirror with the tie around your neck."
      },
      {
        "@type": "HowToStep",
        "name": "Tie the Tie",
        "text": "Use your hands to tie the tie into a neat knot around your neck. Looking sharp!"
      }
    ]
  }
]

The estimated cost of the supplies consumed when performing instructions.

Image of the completed how-to. Additional image guidelines:

• Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable.
• Images must represent the marked up content.
• Images must be in .jpg, .png, or. gif format.

A supply consumed when performing instructions or a direction.

An object used (but not consumed) when performing instructions or a direction.

The total time required to perform all instructions or directions (including time to prepare the supplies), in ISO 8601 duration format.

A video of the how-to. Follow the list of required and recommended Video properties. Mark the steps within a video with hasPart.

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "HowTo",
  "video": {
    "@type": "VideoObject",
    "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
    "description": "Learn how to create a Trivia action for Assistant within minutes.",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
    "contentUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "embedUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/embed/4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
    "duration": "P1MT10S",
    "hasPart": [
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip1",
        "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
        "startOffset": 29,
        "endOffset": 36,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=29"
      },
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip2",
        "name": "Select Trivia Template",
        "startOffset": 36,
        "endOffset": 45,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=36"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Clip

A video clip that is part of the entire video.

Number

The end time of the clip expressed as the number of seconds from the beginning of the video.

Text

The name of the clip. For example, "Pull and tighten" could be the name of the clip that shows how to pull and tighten a tie.

Number

The start time of the clip expressed as the number of seconds from the beginning of the video.

URL

A link to the start time of the clip. The start time must match the value set in video.hasPart.startOffset. For example:

"startOffset": 30,
"endOffset": 45,
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI&t=30"

A list of detailed steps for the section.

The name of the section.

A list of detailed substeps, including directions or tips.

Optional if text is used.

The full instruction text of this step.

Optional if itemListElement is used. Additional guidelines:

• Include only instructional text and don't include other text such as "Directions", "Watch the video", "Step 1". Specify those phrases outside of the marked up property.

  Not recommended:

  
  {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Step 1. Drape the tie around your neck."
  }

  Recommended:

  
  {
    "@type": "HowToStep",
    "text": "Drape the tie around your neck."
  }

An image for the step. Additional image guidelines:

• Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable.
• Images must represent the marked up content.
• Images must be in .jpg, .png, or. gif format.

The word or short phrase summarizing the step (for example, "Attach wires to post" or "Dig"). Don't use non-descriptive text (for example, "Step 1: [text]") or other form of step number (for example, "1. [text]").

A URL that directly links to the step (if one is available). For example, an anchor link fragment.

A video for this step of the how-to, or a clip from one video that shows the entire how-to.

For VideoObject, follow the list of required and recommended Video properties.

Here's an example using VideoObject:

{
  "@type": "HowToStep",
  "video": {
    "name": "Drape the tie",
    "description": "Drape the tie.",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
    "contentUrl": "https://www.example.com/videos/123_600x400.mp4",
    "embedUrl": "https://www.example.com/videoplayer?id=123",
    "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
    "duration": "PT12S"
  }
}
          

Here's an example using Clip:

{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "HowTo",
  "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
  "video": {
    "@type": "VideoObject",
    "name": "Build a Trivia Game for the Google Assistant with No Code",
    "description": "Learn how to create a Trivia action for Assistant within minutes.",
    "thumbnailUrl": "https://example.com/photos/photo.jpg",
    "contentUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "embedUrl": "https://www.youtube.com/embed/4AOI1tZrgMI",
    "uploadDate": "2019-01-05T08:00:00+08:00",
    "duration": "P1MT10S",
    "hasPart": [
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip1",
        "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
        "startOffset": 29,
        "endOffset": 36,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=29"
      },
      {
        "@type": "Clip",
        "@id": "Clip2",
        "name": "Select Trivia Template",
        "startOffset": 36,
        "endOffset": 45,
        "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AOI1tZrgMI?t=36"
      }
    ]
  },
  "step": [
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Open Actions on Google Console",
      "video": { "@id": "Clip1" }
    },
    {
      "@type": "HowToStep",
      "name": "Select Trivia Template",
      "video": { "@id": "Clip2" }
    }
  ]
}
          

The name of the supply or tool.

An image of the supply or tool. Additional image guidelines:

• Image URLs must be crawlable and indexable.
• Images must represent the marked up content.
• Images must be in .jpg, .png, or. gif format.

The text of the direction or tip.