在 iOS 系统中使用机器学习套件检测人脸

您可以使用机器学习套件检测图片和视频中的人脸。

试试看

• 您可以试用示例应用， 查看此 API 的用法示例。
• 使用 亲自试用代码 Codelab。

准备工作

1. 在 Podfile 中添加以下机器学习套件 Pod：

   pod 'GoogleMLKit/FaceDetection', '15.5.0'
   

2. 安装或更新项目的 Pod 之后，使用 Xcode 项目的 .xcworkspace。Xcode 12.4 或更高版本支持机器学习套件。

输入图片准则

对于人脸识别，您使用的图片尺寸应至少为 480x360 像素。 为了使机器学习套件准确检测人脸，输入图片必须包含人脸 用足够像素数据表示的图片。一般来说，您需要的 至少应为 100x100 像素如果您想检测 人脸轮廓线，机器学习套件需要更高的分辨率输入： 尺寸至少应为 200x200 像素。

如果在实时应用中检测人脸，您可能还需要 考虑输入图片的整体尺寸。尺寸较小的图片 因此为了缩短延迟时间，请以较低分辨率捕获图片 遵守上述准确性要求，并确保 正文的脸会占据图像的尽可能多的空间。另请参阅 提高实时性能的相关提示。

图片聚焦不佳也会影响准确性。如果不接受 结果，要求用户重新拍摄图片。

人脸相对于镜头的方向也会影响面部的 机器学习套件检测到的功能。请参阅 人脸检测概念。

1. 配置人脸检测器

例如，构建 FaceDetectorOptions 对象，如以下示例中所示：

// High-accuracy landmark detection and face classification
let options = FaceDetectorOptions()
options.performanceMode = .accurate
options.landmarkMode = .all
options.classificationMode = .all

// Real-time contour detection of multiple faces
// options.contourMode = .all

// High-accuracy landmark detection and face classification
MLKFaceDetectorOptions *options = [[MLKFaceDetectorOptions alloc] init];
options.performanceMode = MLKFaceDetectorPerformanceModeAccurate;
options.landmarkMode = MLKFaceDetectorLandmarkModeAll;
options.classificationMode = MLKFaceDetectorClassificationModeAll;

// Real-time contour detection of multiple faces
// options.contourMode = MLKFaceDetectorContourModeAll;

2. 准备输入图片

使用 UIImage 或VisionImage CMSampleBuffer。

如果您使用 UIImage，请按以下步骤操作：

• 使用 UIImage 创建一个 VisionImage 对象。请务必指定正确的 .orientation。

  Swift

  let image = VisionImage(image: UIImage)
  visionImage.orientation = image.imageOrientation

  Objective-C

  MLKVisionImage *visionImage = [[MLKVisionImage alloc] initWithImage:image];
  visionImage.orientation = image.imageOrientation;

如果您使用 CMSampleBuffer，请按以下步骤操作：

• 指定 CMSampleBuffer。

  如需获取图片方向，请执行以下操作：

  Swift

  func imageOrientation(
    deviceOrientation: UIDeviceOrientation,
    cameraPosition: AVCaptureDevice.Position
  ) -> UIImage.Orientation {
    switch deviceOrientation {
    case .portrait:
      return cameraPosition == .front ? .leftMirrored : .right
    case .landscapeLeft:
      return cameraPosition == .front ? .downMirrored : .up
    case .portraitUpsideDown:
      return cameraPosition == .front ? .rightMirrored : .left
    case .landscapeRight:
      return cameraPosition == .front ? .upMirrored : .down
    case .faceDown, .faceUp, .unknown:
      return .up
    }
  }
        

  Objective-C

  - (UIImageOrientation)
    imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:(UIDeviceOrientation)deviceOrientation
                           cameraPosition:(AVCaptureDevicePosition)cameraPosition {
    switch (deviceOrientation) {
      case UIDeviceOrientationPortrait:
        return cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationLeftMirrored
                                                              : UIImageOrientationRight;
  
      case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeLeft:
        return cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationDownMirrored
                                                              : UIImageOrientationUp;
      case UIDeviceOrientationPortraitUpsideDown:
        return cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationRightMirrored
                                                              : UIImageOrientationLeft;
      case UIDeviceOrientationLandscapeRight:
        return cameraPosition == AVCaptureDevicePositionFront ? UIImageOrientationUpMirrored
                                                              : UIImageOrientationDown;
      case UIDeviceOrientationUnknown:
      case UIDeviceOrientationFaceUp:
      case UIDeviceOrientationFaceDown:
        return UIImageOrientationUp;
    }
  }
        

• 使用VisionImage CMSampleBuffer 对象和方向：

  Swift

  let image = VisionImage(buffer: sampleBuffer)
  image.orientation = imageOrientation(
    deviceOrientation: UIDevice.current.orientation,
    cameraPosition: cameraPosition)

  Objective-C

   MLKVisionImage *image = [[MLKVisionImage alloc] initWithBuffer:sampleBuffer];
   image.orientation =
     [self imageOrientationFromDeviceOrientation:UIDevice.currentDevice.orientation
                                  cameraPosition:cameraPosition];

3. 获取 FaceDetector 的一个实例

获取 FaceDetector 的一个实例：

let faceDetector = FaceDetector.faceDetector(options: options)
ViewController.swift

MLKFaceDetector *faceDetector = [MLKFaceDetector faceDetectorWithOptions:options];
      

4. 处理图片

weak var weakSelf = self
faceDetector.process(visionImage) { faces, error in
  guard let strongSelf = weakSelf else {
    print("Self is nil!")
    return
  }
  guard error == nil, let faces = faces, !faces.isEmpty else {
    // ...
    return
  }

  // Faces detected
  // ...
}
ViewController.swift

[faceDetector processImage:image
                completion:^(NSArray<MLKFace *> *faces,
                             NSError *error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    return;
  }
  if (faces.count > 0) {
    // Recognized faces
  }
}];

5. 获取检测到的人脸的相关信息

for face in faces {
  let frame = face.frame
  if face.hasHeadEulerAngleX {
    let rotX = face.headEulerAngleX  // Head is rotated to the uptoward rotX degrees
  }
  if face.hasHeadEulerAngleY {
    let rotY = face.headEulerAngleY  // Head is rotated to the right rotY degrees
  }
  if face.hasHeadEulerAngleZ {
    let rotZ = face.headEulerAngleZ  // Head is tilted sideways rotZ degrees
  }

  // If landmark detection was enabled (mouth, ears, eyes, cheeks, and
  // nose available):
  if let leftEye = face.landmark(ofType: .leftEye) {
    let leftEyePosition = leftEye.position
  }

  // If contour detection was enabled:
  if let leftEyeContour = face.contour(ofType: .leftEye) {
    let leftEyePoints = leftEyeContour.points
  }
  if let upperLipBottomContour = face.contour(ofType: .upperLipBottom) {
    let upperLipBottomPoints = upperLipBottomContour.points
  }

  // If classification was enabled:
  if face.hasSmilingProbability {
    let smileProb = face.smilingProbability
  }
  if face.hasRightEyeOpenProbability {
    let rightEyeOpenProb = face.rightEyeOpenProbability
  }

  // If face tracking was enabled:
  if face.hasTrackingID {
    let trackingId = face.trackingID
  }
}

for (MLKFace *face in faces) {
  // Boundaries of face in image
  CGRect frame = face.frame;
  if (face.hasHeadEulerAngleX) {
    CGFloat rotX = face.headEulerAngleX;  // Head is rotated to the upward rotX degrees
  }
  if (face.hasHeadEulerAngleY) {
    CGFloat rotY = face.headEulerAngleY;  // Head is rotated to the right rotY degrees
  }
  if (face.hasHeadEulerAngleZ) {
    CGFloat rotZ = face.headEulerAngleZ;  // Head is tilted sideways rotZ degrees
  }

  // If landmark detection was enabled (mouth, ears, eyes, cheeks, and
  // nose available):
  MLKFaceLandmark *leftEar = [face landmarkOfType:FIRFaceLandmarkTypeLeftEar];
  if (leftEar != nil) {
    MLKVisionPoint *leftEarPosition = leftEar.position;
  }

  // If contour detection was enabled:
  MLKFaceContour *upperLipBottomContour = [face contourOfType:FIRFaceContourTypeUpperLipBottom];
  if (upperLipBottomContour != nil) {
    NSArray<MLKVisionPoint *> *upperLipBottomPoints = upperLipBottomContour.points;
    if (upperLipBottomPoints.count > 0) {
      NSLog("Detected the bottom contour of the subject's upper lip.")
    }
  }

  // If classification was enabled:
  if (face.hasSmilingProbability) {
    CGFloat smileProb = face.smilingProbability;
  }
  if (face.hasRightEyeOpenProbability) {
    CGFloat rightEyeOpenProb = face.rightEyeOpenProbability;
  }

  // If face tracking was enabled:
  if (face.hasTrackingID) {
    NSInteger trackingID = face.trackingID;
  }
}

面部轮廓的示例

启用人脸轮廓检测后， 检测到的每个面部特征。这些点表示 功能。请参阅人脸 检测概念，详细了解轮廓如何定义 代表性。

下图展示了这些点与人脸的对应关系，请点击 要放大的图片：