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Seperti yang dijelaskan secara singkat dalam Ringkasan Pengoptimalan Rute, permintaan dasar terdiri dari Model, Pengiriman, dan Kendaraan sebagai entitas yang diperlukan:
Model mencakup setelan dan batasan untuk seluruh permintaan,
termasuk Shipments dan Vehicles.
Pengiriman mewakili tugas atau pengiriman aktual yang mencakup pengambilan dan
pengiriman VisitRequest. Pengiriman memiliki setelan dan batasan lokal.
Kendaraan mewakili kendaraan, pengemudi, atau personel. Kendaraan juga memiliki
setelan dan batasan lokal.
Properti setiap entitas menjelaskan bagian dari masalah pengoptimalan pada tingkat perincian tertentu. Batasan di seluruh model diterapkan ke semua
pengiriman dan kendaraan, sementara batasan dan properti yang ditentukan pada pengiriman
atau kendaraan khusus untuk satu pengiriman atau kendaraan.
Untuk dokumentasi lengkap tentang setiap jenis pesan, lihat dokumentasi referensi
untuk pesan ShipmentModel (REST, gRPC), Shipment (REST, gRPC),
dan Vehicle (REST, gRPC).
Properti OptimizeToursRequest
Beberapa properti yang umum digunakan dari pesan OptimizeToursRequest tingkat teratas
(REST, gRPC) mencakup:
searchMode menunjukkan apakah akan menampilkan solusi pertama yang memenuhi batasan yang ditentukan atau menemukan solusi terbaik dalam batas waktu yang ditetapkan.
considerRoadTraffic menentukan apakah traffic live digunakan atau tidak
untuk perutean dan estimasi waktu tiba.
populateTransitionPolylines menentukan apakah polyline rute dan token rute ditampilkan dalam respons atau tidak.
Properti model
Beberapa properti pesan ShipmentModel yang umum digunakan (REST,
gRPC) meliputi:
globalStartTime menunjukkan waktu mulai paling awal rute di semua
kendaraan dan pengiriman. Tidak ada kendaraan yang dapat memulai transisi dan pengiriman pertamanya sebelum waktu ini.
globalEndTime menunjukkan waktu berakhir terbaru rute di semua kendaraan dan pengiriman. Semua pengiriman dan transisi yang ditetapkan harus selesai sebelum waktu ini.
Properti pengiriman
Beberapa properti pesan Shipment yang umum digunakan (REST, gRPC) mencakup:
pickups[] dan deliveries[] menunjukkan tempat pengiriman dapat diambil
atau diantar. Properti pickups[] dan deliveries[] menggunakan pesan
VisitRequest (REST, gRPC).
loadDemands mewakili muatan yang diperlukan agar kendaraan dapat menyelesaikan pengiriman. Properti load_limits (REST, gRPC) yang sesuai dengan kendaraan menunjukkan jumlah beban yang dapat ditampung kendaraan dalam satu waktu.
Baca selengkapnya tentang beban di Permintaan dan Batas Beban.
penalty_cost menunjukkan biaya yang dikeluarkan jika pengiriman dilewati. Baca selengkapnya tentang biaya di Parameter Model Biaya.
Properti kendaraan
Beberapa properti pesan Vehicle yang umum digunakan (REST, gRPC) mencakup:
startLocation menunjukkan tempat kendaraan harus memulai rutenya. Properti
ini bersifat opsional. Jika tidak ditentukan, rute kendaraan dimulai di
lokasi pengiriman pertama yang ditetapkan.
endLocation menunjukkan tempat kendaraan harus mengakhiri rutenya. Properti ini bersifat opsional. Jika tidak ditentukan, rute kendaraan akan berakhir di lokasi pengiriman terakhir yang ditetapkan.
startTimeWindows[] menunjukkan kapan kendaraan dapat memulai rutenya. Properti
ini bersifat opsional.
endTimeWindows[] menunjukkan kapan kendaraan dapat memulai dan mengakhiri rutenya.
Kedua properti bersifat opsional.
loadLimits mewakili kapasitas kendaraan yang tersedia untuk memenuhi permintaan muatan pengiriman. Baca selengkapnya tentang permintaan dan batas beban di Permintaan dan Batas Beban.
Contoh permintaan lengkap dalam format JSON terlihat seperti:
OptimizeTours dan BatchOptimizeTours sama-sama menggunakan pesan permintaan seperti contoh di atas, tetapi dengan cara yang berbeda. Sebelum membuat permintaan Pengoptimalan Rute, penting untuk memahami perbedaan antara kedua metode tersebut:
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Informasi yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Terlalu rumit/langkahnya terlalu banyak","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Sudah usang","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Masalah kode / contoh","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-09-04 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eRoute Optimization requests require defining a \u003ccode\u003eModel\u003c/code\u003e with \u003ccode\u003eShipments\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eVehicles\u003c/code\u003e to represent the optimization problem.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eModel\u003c/code\u003e sets global parameters, while \u003ccode\u003eShipments\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eVehicles\u003c/code\u003e have individual properties and constraints for pickups, deliveries, loads, and time windows.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eOptimizeToursRequest\u003c/code\u003e allows controlling the search mode, traffic considerations, and response details.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003e\u003ccode\u003eOptimizeTours\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eBatchOptimizeTours\u003c/code\u003e offer synchronous and asynchronous request processing, respectively, with key differences in handling large or complex scenarios.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can specify global start and end times for all vehicles and shipments within the \u003ccode\u003eShipmentModel\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Construct a request message\n\n**European Economic Area (EEA) developers** If your billing address is in the European Economic Area, effective on 8 July 2025, the [Google Maps Platform EEA Terms of Service](https://cloud.google.com/terms/maps-platform/eea) will apply to your use of the Services. Functionality varies by region. [Learn more](/maps/comms/eea/faq).\n\nAs briefly described in [Route Optimization Overview](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/overview), a basic request\nconsists of **Model** , **Shipments** , and **Vehicles** as required entities:\n\n- **Model** captures settings and constraints for the entire request, inclusive of both `Shipments` and `Vehicles`.\n- **Shipments** represent tasks or actual shipments that include pickup and delivery `VisitRequest`s. Shipments have local settings and constraints.\n- **Vehicles** represent vehicles, drivers, or personnel. Vehicles also have local settings and constraints.\n\nEach entity's properties describe part of an optimization problem at a\nparticular level of granularity. Model-wide constraints are applied to all\nshipments and vehicles, while constraints and properties specified on shipments\nor vehicles are specific to a single shipment or vehicle.\n\nFor complete documentation on each message type, see the reference documentation\nfor `ShipmentModel` ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.ShipmentModel)), `Shipment` ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel#Shipment), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Shipment)),\nand `Vehicle` ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel#Vehicle), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Vehicle)) messages.\n\n`OptimizeToursRequest` properties\n---------------------------------\n\nSome commonly used properties of the top-level `OptimizeToursRequest` message\n([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/projects/optimizeTours), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.OptimizeToursRequest)) include the following:\n\n- `searchMode` indicates whether to return the first solution that satisfies specified constraints or find the best possible solution within a set deadline.\n- `considerRoadTraffic` determines whether or not live traffic is used for routing and ETA estimation.\n- `populateTransitionPolylines` determines whether or not route polylines and route tokens are returned in the response.\n\nModel properties\n----------------\n\nSome commonly used properties of the `ShipmentModel` message ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel),\n[gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.ShipmentModel)) include:\n\n- `globalStartTime` represents the earliest start time of routes across all vehicles and shipments. No vehicle may start its first transitions and shipments before this time.\n- `globalEndTime` represents the latest end time of routes across all vehicles and shipments. All assigned shipments and transitions must be complete before this time.\n\nShipment properties\n-------------------\n\nSome commonly used properties of the `Shipment` message ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel#Shipment), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Shipment))\ninclude:\n\n- `pickups[]` and `deliveries[]` represent where a shipment can be picked up or dropped off. `pickups[]` and `deliveries[]` properties both use the `VisitRequest` message ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel#VisitRequest), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Shipment.VisitRequest)).\n- `loadDemands` represent the load required for a vehicle to complete a shipment. Vehicles' corresponding `load_limits` ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel#Vehicle.FIELDS.load_limits), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Vehicle.FIELDS.repeated.google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Vehicle.LoadLimitsEntry.google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Vehicle.load_limits)) property represents how much load a vehicle can accommodate at one time. Read more about load in [Load Demands and Limits](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/load-demands-limits).\n- `penalty_cost` represents the cost incurred if a shipment is skipped. Read more on costs in [Cost Model Parameters](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/cost-model).\n\nVehicle properties\n------------------\n\nSome commonly used properties of the `Vehicle` message ([REST](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rest/v1/ShipmentModel#Vehicle), [gRPC](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/reference/rpc/google.maps.routeoptimization.v1#google.maps.routeoptimization.v1.Vehicle))\ninclude:\n\n- `startLocation` represents where a vehicle must start its route. This property is optional. If not specified, the vehicle's route starts at the location of its first assigned shipment.\n- `endLocation` represents where a vehicle must end its route. This property is optional. If not specified, the vehicle's route ends at the location of its last assigned shipment.\n- `startTimeWindows[]` represents when a vehicle can start its route. This property is optional.\n- `endTimeWindows[]` represents when a vehicle can start and end its route. Both properties are optional.\n- `loadLimits` represent the vehicle's capacity available to meet shipments' load demands. Read more about load demands and limits in [Load Demands and\n Limits](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/load-demands-limits).\n\nA complete example request in JSON format looks like: \n\n {\n \"model\": {\n \"shipments\": [\n {\n \"pickups\": [\n {\n \"arrivalLocation\": {\n \"latitude\": 37.73881799999999,\n \"longitude\": -122.4161\n }\n }\n ],\n \"deliveries\": [\n {\n \"arrivalLocation\": {\n \"latitude\": 37.79581,\n \"longitude\": -122.4218856\n }\n }\n ]\n }\n ],\n \"vehicles\": [\n {\n \"startLocation\": {\n \"latitude\": 37.73881799999999,\n \"longitude\": -122.4161\n },\n \"endLocation\": {\n \"latitude\": 37.73881799999999,\n \"longitude\": -122.4161\n },\n \"costPerKilometer\": 1.0\n }\n ],\n \"globalStartTime\": \"2024-02-13T00:00:00.000Z\",\n \"globalEndTime\": \"2024-02-14T06:00:00.000Z\"\n }\n }\n\n`OptimizeTours` and `BatchOptimizeTours` both consume request messages like the\nexample above, but in different ways. Before making a Route Optimization\nrequest, it's important to understand the difference between the two methods:\n\n[Comparing OptimizeTours and BatchOptimizeTours](/maps/documentation/route-optimization/sync-vs-async)"]]