توفّر بيانات الطرق في الوقت الفعلي معلومات محدّثة عن حالة الطرق والأحداث على المسارات التي اخترتها، ما يتيح لك مراقبة الوضع بشكل ديناميكي والاستجابة بسرعة. وتختلف هذه البيانات عن البيانات التي يتم جمعها بشكل دوري والمتاحة في BigQuery، وهي مناسبة للسيناريوهات التي تتطلّب معلومات في الوقت المناسب.
تتدفق هذه البيانات باستمرار وتشمل مدة الرحلة، والتي تشير إلى أوقات السفر على الطريق، و فواصل قراءة السرعة، التي تظهر كثافة حركة المرور على طول الطريق.
للوصول إلى بيانات الطرق في الوقت الفعلي، يجب أن يتضمّن عقدك حزمة "العمليات في الوقت الفعلي".
إنشاء اشتراك في Pub/Sub لـ "مدة الرحلة" و"فواصل قراءة السرعة"
سيتم تزويدك بمواضيع مخصّصة في Google Cloud Pub/Sub، حيث يمكنك الاشتراك في البيانات في الوقت الفعلي لجميع المسارات التي أنشأتها.
تعرض عينة التعليمات البرمجية التالية تنسيق الموضوع باستخدام الترميز الثنائي:
projects/maps-platform-roads-management/topics/rmi-roadsinformation-PROJECT_NUMBER
نوفّر أيضًا موضوعًا آخر باستخدام ترميز JSON (مُلحق بـ -json). عليك
الاشتراك في موضوع Pub/Sub المقدَّم لك لتلقّي رسائل
البيانات في الوقت الفعلي. يُرجى الاطّلاع على مقالة الاشتراك في موضوع للحصول على نظرة عامة سريعة حول كيفية الاشتراك في موضوع Cloud Pub/Sub واستهلاك الرسائل منه.
مخطط مدة السفر وفترات قراءة السرعة
تتضمّن كل رسالة بيانات في الوقت الفعلي بيانات مثل:
- تفاصيل الطريق، مثل
duration_in_secondsوstatic_duration_in_secondsوspeed_reading_offsets(فترات قراءة السرعة المستندة إلى الإزاحة) وretrieval_timestampوhas_road_closure - معرّفات المسارات، مثل
selected_route_idوdisplay_name
يتم نشر كل رسالة وفقًا لتنسيق Protobuf التالي.
syntax = "proto3"; // Contains the road information like travel duration and speed reading // intervals for a selected route. message RoadsInformation { // Legacy message. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. // Use top-level duration_in_seconds and static_duration_in_seconds instead. message TravelDuration { // The duration of travel through the route based on current road // conditions. float duration_in_seconds = 1; // The duration of travel through the route without taking road // conditions into consideration. float static_duration_in_seconds = 2; } message Timestamp { // Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch // 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to // 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive. int64 seconds = 1; // Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative // second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values // that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 // inclusive. int32 nanos = 2; } // Legacy message representing the latitude and longitude of a coordinate // within a coordinate-based speed reading interval. message LatLng { float latitude = 1; float longitude = 2; } // Legacy coordinate-based speed reading interval message. May stop being // populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use SpeedReadingOffset instead. message SpeedReadingInterval { // The coordinates on the polyline for the speed reading interval. repeated LatLng interval_coordinates = 1; // Describes the categorized current speed of road conditions. // Possible values are: // - "NORMAL": Road is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected. // - "SLOW": Slowdown detected, but no congestion formed. // - "TRAFFIC_JAM": Traffic jam detected. In this legacy field, heavy // traffic jams (dark red) are also reported as "TRAFFIC_JAM"; // "TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY" is never used. string speed = 2; } // Offset-based speed reading interval along the route. message SpeedReadingOffset { // The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the start // of the interval (inclusive). int32 start_offset = 1; // The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the end of // the interval (exclusive; equals the start_offset of the subsequent // interval). int32 end_offset = 2; // Describes the categorized current speed of traffic, aligned with the // colors in the Google Maps traffic layer. Possible values are: // - "NORMAL" (green): Traffic is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected. // - "SLOW" (yellow): Slowdown detected, but no traffic jam formed. // - "TRAFFIC_JAM" (red): Traffic jam detected. // - "TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY" (dark red): Heavy traffic jam detected (available // as of October 8, 2026). string speed = 3; } // Id for selected_route. string selected_route_id = 1; // User provided name for the route. string display_name = 2; // Legacy coordinate-based speed reading intervals. May stop being populated // on or after November 9, 2026. Use speed_reading_offsets instead. repeated SpeedReadingInterval speed_reading_intervals = 3; // Legacy travel time information. May stop being populated on or after // November 9, 2026. Use duration_in_seconds and static_duration_in_seconds // instead. TravelDuration travel_duration = 4; // Legacy timestamp when the road data was collected. May stop being populated // on or after November 9, 2026. Use retrieval_timestamp instead. Timestamp retrieval_time = 5; // Contains a geojson polyline representing the optimal route determined // based on user's input waypoints. string route_geometry = 6; // Road segment place IDs along the route. They follow topological order // and are always connected. repeated string road_segment_ids = 7; // Offset-based speed reading intervals representing traffic density across // the route; each interval is demarcated by the distance offset from the // start of the route. Omitted when has_road_closure is true. repeated SpeedReadingOffset speed_reading_offsets = 8; // The duration of travel through the route based on current traffic // conditions. Omitted when has_road_closure is true. float duration_in_seconds = 9; // The duration of travel through the route without taking traffic // conditions into consideration. float static_duration_in_seconds = 10; // The time the traffic data was collected, as an RFC 3339 UTC timestamp // string (for example, "2026-10-08T15:04:05+00:00"). string retrieval_timestamp = 11; // Whether there is a full road closure on the route. When true, // duration_in_seconds and speed_reading_offsets are omitted because the // route is impassable. Omitted when road closure information is undetermined. bool has_road_closure = 12; }
فواصل قراءة السرعة المستندة إلى الإزاحة ونقل الحقول
اعتبارًا من 8 أكتوبر 2026، يتم توفير فواصل السرعة في الحقل speed_reading_offsets المستند إلى الإزاحة، حيث يتم تحديد كل فاصل زمني من خلال start_offset (مشمول) وend_offset (غير مشمول) بالأمتار من بداية المسار، ويتضمّن فئة السرعة الرابعة TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY. للاطّلاع على تفاصيل حول فئات السرعة وتنسيقات الفواصل الزمنية، يُرجى مراجعة الفواصل الزمنية لقراءة السرعة.
يوضّح الجدول التالي كل حقل قديم في Pub/Sub (قد يتوقف ملؤه في 9 نوفمبر 2026 أو بعده) والحقل البديل له:
| حقل قديم | حقل الاستبدال | ملاحظات |
|---|---|---|
speed_reading_intervals |
speed_reading_offsets |
تستخدم هذه النسخة إزاحات المتر (start_offset وend_offset) بدلاً من إحداثيات الخطوط المتعدّدة، وتضيف فئة السرعة TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY. |
travel_duration.duration_in_seconds |
duration_in_seconds |
تمت تسويته إلى حقل float ذي مستوى أعلى. |
travel_duration.static_duration_in_seconds |
static_duration_in_seconds |
تمت تسويتها إلى حقل float ذي مستوى أعلى. |
retrieval_time |
retrieval_timestamp |
يتم تنسيقها كسلسلة RFC 3339، والتي تحوّلها اشتراكات BigQuery تلقائيًا إلى TIMESTAMP. |
بث بيانات المسارات إلى BigQuery باستخدام Pub/Sub
يمكنك ضبط اشتراك Pub/Sub لبث بيانات الطرق مباشرةً إلى جدول BigQuery. يتيح ذلك تخزين البيانات بشكل فعّال وإجراء تحليلات قوية على معلومات المسار المقدَّمة. قبل إعداد هذا النوع من الاشتراكات، عليك إنشاء مجموعة بيانات وجدول مناسبَين في مشروع BigQuery لكتابة البيانات فيهما.
للحصول على تعليمات تفصيلية حول كيفية إنشاء اشتراك في Pub/Sub يكتب
في BigQuery، يُرجى الاطّلاع على
نقل البيانات إلى BigQuery.
أنشئ اشتراك BigQuery في الموضوع المرمّز بتنسيق JSON. عند ضبط الاشتراك، اختَر استخدام مخطط الجدول وفعِّل إسقاط الحقول غير المعروفة لكي يستمر تشغيل مسار نقل البيانات بسلاسة عند إضافة حقول جديدة. لتخزين حقول جديدة، مثل speed_reading_offsets، أضِف
الأعمدة المقابلة إلى جدولك.
مخطّط جدول BigQuery
تتوافق الرسائل المنشورة في موضوع Pub/Sub، والتي يمكن أيضًا كتابتها في جدول BigQuery، مع المخطط التالي. يجب استخدام هذا المخطط عند إنشاء جدول BigQuery المستهدف لضمان التوافق.
[ { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "selected_route_id", "type": "STRING", "description": "Id for selected_route." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "display_name", "type": "STRING", "description": "User provided name for the route." }, { "fields": [ { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "speed", "type": "STRING", "description": "Describes the categorized current speed of traffic. Possible values are: \"NORMAL\": Traffic is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected. \"SLOW\": Slowdown detected, but no traffic jam formed. \"TRAFFIC_JAM\": Traffic jam detected (groups red and dark red segments; does not include \"TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY\")." }, { "fields": [ { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "latitude", "type": "NUMERIC" }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "longitude", "type": "NUMERIC" } ], "mode": "REPEATED", "name": "interval_coordinates", "type": "RECORD", "description": "The geometry for this interval" } ], "mode": "REPEATED", "name": "speed_reading_intervals", "type": "RECORD", "description": "Legacy coordinate-based speed reading intervals. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use speed_reading_offsets instead." }, { "fields": [ { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "duration_in_seconds", "type": "FLOAT", "description": "The duration of travel through the route based on\ncurrent traffic conditions." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "static_duration_in_seconds", "type": "FLOAT", "description": "The duration of travel through the route without\ntaking traffic conditions into consideration." } ], "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "travel_duration", "type": "RECORD", "description": "Legacy travel time information. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use top-level duration_in_seconds and static_duration_in_seconds instead." }, { "fields": [ { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "seconds", "type": "INTEGER", "description": "Represents seconds of UTC time since Unix epoch 1970-01-01T00:00:00Z. Must be from 0001-01-01T00:00:00Z to 9999-12-31T23:59:59Z inclusive." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "nanos", "type": "INTEGER", "description": "Non-negative fractions of a second at nanosecond resolution. Negative second values with fractions must still have non-negative nanos values that count forward in time. Must be from 0 to 999,999,999 inclusive." } ], "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "retrieval_time", "type": "RECORD", "description": "Legacy timestamp when the traffic data was collected. May stop being populated on or after November 9, 2026. Use retrieval_timestamp instead." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "route_geometry", "type": "STRING", "description": "Contains a geojson polyline representing the optimal route determined based on user's input waypoints" }, { "mode": "REPEATED", "name": "road_segment_ids", "type": "STRING", "description": "Road segment place IDs along the route. They follow topological order and are always connected" }, { "fields": [ { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "start_offset", "type": "INTEGER", "description": "The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the start of the interval (inclusive)." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "end_offset", "type": "INTEGER", "description": "The distance offset from the start of the route in meters for the end of the interval (exclusive; equals the start_offset of the subsequent interval)." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "speed", "type": "STRING", "description": "Describes the categorized current speed of traffic, aligned with the colors in the Google Maps traffic layer. Possible values are: \"NORMAL\" (green): Traffic is flowing smoothly, no slowdown is detected. \"SLOW\" (yellow): Slowdown detected, but no traffic jam formed. \"TRAFFIC_JAM\" (red): Traffic jam detected. \"TRAFFIC_JAM_HEAVY\" (dark red): Heavy traffic jam detected (available as of October 8, 2026)." } ], "mode": "REPEATED", "name": "speed_reading_offsets", "type": "RECORD", "description": "Offset-based speed reading intervals representing traffic density across the route; each interval is demarcated by the distance offset from the start of the route. Omitted when has_road_closure is true." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "duration_in_seconds", "type": "FLOAT", "description": "The duration of travel through the route based on current traffic conditions. Omitted when has_road_closure is true." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "static_duration_in_seconds", "type": "FLOAT", "description": "The duration of travel through the route without taking traffic conditions into consideration." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "retrieval_timestamp", "type": "TIMESTAMP", "description": "The time the traffic data was collected." }, { "mode": "NULLABLE", "name": "has_road_closure", "type": "BOOLEAN", "description": "Whether there is a full road closure on the route. When true, duration_in_seconds and speed_reading_offsets are omitted because the route is impassable. A NULL value indicates that road closure information is undetermined." } ]