Cómo crear y propagar carpetas

Las carpetas son archivos que solo contienen metadatos y se pueden usar para organizar archivos en Google Drive. Tienen las siguientes propiedades:

  • Una carpeta es un archivo con el tipo de MIME application/vnd.google-apps.folder y no tiene extensión.
  • El alias root se puede usar para hacer referencia a la carpeta raíz en cualquier lugar en el que se proporcione un ID de archivo.

En esta guía, se explica cómo realizar algunas tareas básicas relacionadas con las carpetas.

Crea una carpeta

Para crear una carpeta, usa el método files.create con el tipo de MIME application/vnd.google-apps.folder y un título. En la siguiente muestra de código, se indica cómo crear una carpeta con una biblioteca cliente:

Java

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/main/java/CreateFolder.java
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.drive.Drive;
import com.google.api.services.drive.DriveScopes;
import com.google.api.services.drive.model.File;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

/* Class to demonstrate use of Drive's create folder API */
public class CreateFolder {


  /**
   * Create new folder.
   *
   * @return Inserted folder id if successful, {@code null} otherwise.
   * @throws IOException if service account credentials file not found.
   */
  public static String createFolder() throws IOException {
    // Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
    // TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
    // guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application.
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(Arrays.asList(DriveScopes.DRIVE_FILE));
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(
        credentials);

    // Build a new authorized API client service.
    Drive service = new Drive.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Drive samples")
        .build();
    // File's metadata.
    File fileMetadata = new File();
    fileMetadata.setName("Test");
    fileMetadata.setMimeType("application/vnd.google-apps.folder");
    try {
      File file = service.files().create(fileMetadata)
          .setFields("id")
          .execute();
      System.out.println("Folder ID: " + file.getId());
      return file.getId();
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      System.err.println("Unable to create folder: " + e.getDetails());
      throw e;
    }
  }
}

Python

drive/snippets/drive-v3/file_snippet/create_folder.py
import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def create_folder():
  """Create a folder and prints the folder ID
  Returns : Folder Id

  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()

  try:
    # create drive api client
    service = build("drive", "v3", credentials=creds)
    file_metadata = {
        "name": "Invoices",
        "mimeType": "application/vnd.google-apps.folder",
    }

    # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
    file = service.files().create(body=file_metadata, fields="id").execute()
    print(f'Folder ID: "{file.get("id")}".')
    return file.get("id")

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    return None


if __name__ == "__main__":
  create_folder()

Node.js

drive/snippets/drive_v3/file_snippets/create_folder.js
/**
 * Create a folder and prints the folder ID
 * @return{obj} folder Id
 * */
async function createFolder() {
  // Get credentials and build service
  // TODO (developer) - Use appropriate auth mechanism for your app

  const {GoogleAuth} = require('google-auth-library');
  const {google} = require('googleapis');

  const auth = new GoogleAuth({
    scopes: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive',
  });
  const service = google.drive({version: 'v3', auth});
  const fileMetadata = {
    name: 'Invoices',
    mimeType: 'application/vnd.google-apps.folder',
  };
  try {
    const file = await service.files.create({
      resource: fileMetadata,
      fields: 'id',
    });
    console.log('Folder Id:', file.data.id);
    return file.data.id;
  } catch (err) {
    // TODO(developer) - Handle error
    throw err;
  }
}

PHP

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/DriveCreateFolder.php
use Google\Client;
use Google\Service\Drive;
function createFolder()
{
    try {
        $client = new Client();
        $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials();
        $client->addScope(Drive::DRIVE);
        $driveService = new Drive($client);
        $fileMetadata = new Drive\DriveFile(array(
            'name' => 'Invoices',
            'mimeType' => 'application/vnd.google-apps.folder'));
        $file = $driveService->files->create($fileMetadata, array(
            'fields' => 'id'));
        printf("Folder ID: %s\n", $file->id);
        return $file->id;

    }catch(Exception $e) {
       echo "Error Message: ".$e;
    }
}

.NET

drive/snippets/drive_v3/DriveV3Snippets/CreateFolder.cs
using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Drive.v3;
using Google.Apis.Services;

namespace DriveV3Snippets
{
    // Class to demonstrate use of Drive create folder API.
    public class CreateFolder
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new folder.
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns>created folder id, null otherwise</returns>
        public static string DriveCreateFolder()
        {
            try
            {
                /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
                 TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for 
                 guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
                GoogleCredential credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
                    .CreateScoped(DriveService.Scope.Drive);

                // Create Drive API service.
                var service = new DriveService(new BaseClientService.Initializer
                {
                    HttpClientInitializer = credential,
                    ApplicationName = "Drive API Snippets"
                });

                // File metadata
                var fileMetadata = new Google.Apis.Drive.v3.Data.File()
                {
                    Name = "Invoices",
                    MimeType = "application/vnd.google-apps.folder"
                };

                // Create a new folder on drive.
                var request = service.Files.Create(fileMetadata);
                request.Fields = "id";
                var file = request.Execute();
                // Prints the created folder id.
                Console.WriteLine("Folder ID: " + file.Id);
                return file.Id;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
                if (e is AggregateException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Credential Not found");
                }
                else
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

Cómo crear un archivo en una carpeta específica

Para crear un archivo en una carpeta específica, usa el método files.create y especifica el ID de la carpeta en la propiedad parents del archivo. La propiedad parents contiene los IDs de la carpeta superior que contienen el archivo. En la siguiente muestra de código, verás cómo crear un archivo en una carpeta específica con una biblioteca cliente:

Java

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/main/java/UploadToFolder.java
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.FileContent;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.drive.Drive;
import com.google.api.services.drive.DriveScopes;
import com.google.api.services.drive.model.File;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;

/* Class to demonstrate Drive's upload to folder use-case. */
public class UploadToFolder {

  /**
   * Upload a file to the specified folder.
   *
   * @param realFolderId Id of the folder.
   * @return Inserted file metadata if successful, {@code null} otherwise.
   * @throws IOException if service account credentials file not found.
   */
  public static File uploadToFolder(String realFolderId) throws IOException {
    // Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
    // TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
    // guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application.
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(Arrays.asList(DriveScopes.DRIVE_FILE));
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(
        credentials);

    // Build a new authorized API client service.
    Drive service = new Drive.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Drive samples")
        .build();

    // File's metadata.
    File fileMetadata = new File();
    fileMetadata.setName("photo.jpg");
    fileMetadata.setParents(Collections.singletonList(realFolderId));
    java.io.File filePath = new java.io.File("files/photo.jpg");
    FileContent mediaContent = new FileContent("image/jpeg", filePath);
    try {
      File file = service.files().create(fileMetadata, mediaContent)
          .setFields("id, parents")
          .execute();
      System.out.println("File ID: " + file.getId());
      return file;
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      System.err.println("Unable to upload file: " + e.getDetails());
      throw e;
    }
  }
}

Python

drive/snippets/drive-v3/file_snippet/upload_to_folder.py
import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError
from googleapiclient.http import MediaFileUpload


def upload_to_folder(folder_id):
  """Upload a file to the specified folder and prints file ID, folder ID
  Args: Id of the folder
  Returns: ID of the file uploaded

  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()

  try:
    # create drive api client
    service = build("drive", "v3", credentials=creds)

    file_metadata = {"name": "photo.jpg", "parents": [folder_id]}
    media = MediaFileUpload(
        "download.jpeg", mimetype="image/jpeg", resumable=True
    )
    # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
    file = (
        service.files()
        .create(body=file_metadata, media_body=media, fields="id")
        .execute()
    )
    print(f'File ID: "{file.get("id")}".')
    return file.get("id")

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    return None


if __name__ == "__main__":
  upload_to_folder(folder_id="1s0oKEZZXjImNngxHGnY0xed6Mw-tvspu")

Node.js

drive/snippets/drive_v3/file_snippets/upload_to_folder.js
/**
 * Upload a file to the specified folder
 * @param{string} folderId folder ID
 * @return{obj} file Id
 * */
async function uploadToFolder(folderId) {
  const fs = require('fs');
  const {GoogleAuth} = require('google-auth-library');
  const {google} = require('googleapis');
  // Get credentials and build service
  // TODO (developer) - Use appropriate auth mechanism for your app
  const auth = new GoogleAuth({
    scopes: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive',
  });
  const service = google.drive({version: 'v3', auth});

  // TODO(developer): set folder Id
  // folderId = '1lWo8HghUBd-3mN4s98ArNFMdqmhqCXH7';
  const fileMetadata = {
    name: 'photo.jpg',
    parents: [folderId],
  };
  const media = {
    mimeType: 'image/jpeg',
    body: fs.createReadStream('files/photo.jpg'),
  };

  try {
    const file = await service.files.create({
      resource: fileMetadata,
      media: media,
      fields: 'id',
    });
    console.log('File Id:', file.data.id);
    return file.data.id;
  } catch (err) {
    // TODO(developer) - Handle error
    throw err;
  }
}

PHP

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/DriveUploadToFolder.php
use Google\Client;
use Google\Service\Drive;
function uploadToFolder($folderId)
{
    try {
        $client = new Client();
        $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials();
        $client->addScope(Drive::DRIVE);
        $driveService = new Drive($client);
        $fileMetadata = new Drive\DriveFile(array(
            'name' => 'photo.jpg',
            'parents' => array($folderId)
        ));
        $content = file_get_contents('../files/photo.jpg');
        $file = $driveService->files->create($fileMetadata, array(
            'data' => $content,
            'mimeType' => 'image/jpeg',
            'uploadType' => 'multipart',
            'fields' => 'id'));
        printf("File ID: %s\n", $file->id);
        return $file->id;
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        echo "Error Message: " . $e;
    }
}
require_once 'vendor/autoload.php';
uploadToFolder();

.NET

drive/snippets/drive_v3/DriveV3Snippets/UploadToFolder.cs
using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Drive.v3;
using Google.Apis.Services;

namespace DriveV3Snippets
{
    // Class to demonstrate use of Drive upload to folder.
    public class UploadToFolder
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Upload a file to the specified folder.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filePath">Image path to upload.</param>
        /// <param name="folderId">Id of the folder.</param>
        /// <returns>Inserted file metadata if successful, null otherwise</returns>
        public static Google.Apis.Drive.v3.Data.File DriveUploadToFolder
            (string filePath, string folderId)
        {
            try
            {
                /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
                 TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
                 guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
                GoogleCredential credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
                    .CreateScoped(DriveService.Scope.Drive);

                // Create Drive API service.
                var service = new DriveService(new BaseClientService.Initializer
                {
                    HttpClientInitializer = credential,
                    ApplicationName = "Drive API Snippets"
                });

                // Upload file photo.jpg in specified folder on drive.
                var fileMetadata = new Google.Apis.Drive.v3.Data.File()
                {
                    Name = "photo.jpg",
                    Parents = new List<string>
                    {
                        folderId
                    }
                };
                FilesResource.CreateMediaUpload request;
                // Create a new file on drive.
                using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath,
                           FileMode.Open))
                {
                    // Create a new file, with metadata and stream.
                    request = service.Files.Create(
                        fileMetadata, stream, "image/jpeg");
                    request.Fields = "id";
                    request.Upload();
                }
                var file = request.ResponseBody;
                // Prints the uploaded file id.
                Console.WriteLine("File ID: " + file.Id);
                return file;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
                if (e is AggregateException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Credential Not found");
                }
                else if (e is FileNotFoundException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("File not found");
                }
                else if (e is DirectoryNotFoundException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Directory Not found");
                }
                else
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

La propiedad parents se puede usar cuando se crean archivos en una carpeta de nivel superior o en cualquier otra carpeta.

Mueve archivos entre carpetas

Para mover archivos, debes actualizar el ID de la propiedad parents.

Para agregar o quitar elementos superiores de un archivo existente, usa el método files.update con los parámetros de consulta addParents y removeParents. En la siguiente muestra de código, se indica cómo mover un archivo entre carpetas con una biblioteca cliente:

Java

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/main/java/MoveFileToFolder.java

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.json.GoogleJsonResponseException;
import com.google.api.client.http.HttpRequestInitializer;
import com.google.api.client.http.javanet.NetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.gson.GsonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.drive.Drive;
import com.google.api.services.drive.DriveScopes;
import com.google.api.services.drive.model.File;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/* Class to demonstrate use case for moving file to folder.*/
public class MoveFileToFolder {


  /**
   * @param fileId   Id of file to be moved.
   * @param folderId Id of folder where the fill will be moved.
   * @return list of parent ids for the file.
   */
  public static List<String> moveFileToFolder(String fileId, String folderId)
      throws IOException {
        /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
        TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for
        guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application.*/
    GoogleCredentials credentials = GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
        .createScoped(Arrays.asList(DriveScopes.DRIVE_FILE));
    HttpRequestInitializer requestInitializer = new HttpCredentialsAdapter(
        credentials);
    // Build a new authorized API client service.
    Drive service = new Drive.Builder(new NetHttpTransport(),
        GsonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
        requestInitializer)
        .setApplicationName("Drive samples")
        .build();

    // Retrieve the existing parents to remove
    File file = service.files().get(fileId)
        .setFields("parents")
        .execute();
    StringBuilder previousParents = new StringBuilder();
    for (String parent : file.getParents()) {
      previousParents.append(parent);
      previousParents.append(',');
    }
    try {
      // Move the file to the new folder
      file = service.files().update(fileId, null)
          .setAddParents(folderId)
          .setRemoveParents(previousParents.toString())
          .setFields("id, parents")
          .execute();

      return file.getParents();
    } catch (GoogleJsonResponseException e) {
      // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
      System.err.println("Unable to move file: " + e.getDetails());
      throw e;
    }
  }
}

Python

drive/snippets/drive-v3/file_snippet/move_file_to_folder.py
import google.auth
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.errors import HttpError


def move_file_to_folder(file_id, folder_id):
  """Move specified file to the specified folder.
  Args:
      file_id: Id of the file to move.
      folder_id: Id of the folder
  Print: An object containing the new parent folder and other meta data
  Returns : Parent Ids for the file

  Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
  TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity
  for guides on implementing OAuth2 for the application.
  """
  creds, _ = google.auth.default()

  try:
    # call drive api client
    service = build("drive", "v3", credentials=creds)

    # pylint: disable=maybe-no-member
    # Retrieve the existing parents to remove
    file = service.files().get(fileId=file_id, fields="parents").execute()
    previous_parents = ",".join(file.get("parents"))
    # Move the file to the new folder
    file = (
        service.files()
        .update(
            fileId=file_id,
            addParents=folder_id,
            removeParents=previous_parents,
            fields="id, parents",
        )
        .execute()
    )
    return file.get("parents")

  except HttpError as error:
    print(f"An error occurred: {error}")
    return None


if __name__ == "__main__":
  move_file_to_folder(
      file_id="1KuPmvGq8yoYgbfW74OENMCB5H0n_2Jm9",
      folder_id="1jvTFoyBhUspwDncOTB25kb9k0Fl0EqeN",
  )

Node.js

drive/snippets/drive_v3/file_snippets/move_file_to_folder.js
/**
 * Change the file's modification timestamp.
 * @param{string} fileId Id of the file to move
 * @param{string} folderId Id of the folder to move
 * @return{obj} file status
 * */
async function moveFileToFolder(fileId, folderId) {
  const {GoogleAuth} = require('google-auth-library');
  const {google} = require('googleapis');

  // Get credentials and build service
  // TODO (developer) - Use appropriate auth mechanism for your app
  const auth = new GoogleAuth({
    scopes: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive',
  });
  const service = google.drive({version: 'v3', auth});

  try {
    // Retrieve the existing parents to remove
    const file = await service.files.get({
      fileId: fileId,
      fields: 'parents',
    });

    // Move the file to the new folder
    const previousParents = file.data.parents
        .join(',');
    const files = await service.files.update({
      fileId: fileId,
      addParents: folderId,
      removeParents: previousParents,
      fields: 'id, parents',
    });
    console.log(files.status);
    return files.status;
  } catch (err) {
    // TODO(developer) - Handle error
    throw err;
  }
}

PHP

drive/snippets/drive_v3/src/DriveMoveFileToFolder.php
use Google\Client;
use Google\Service\Drive;
use Google\Service\Drive\DriveFile;
function moveFileToFolder($fileId,$folderId)
{
    try {
        $client = new Client();
        $client->useApplicationDefaultCredentials();
        $client->addScope(Drive::DRIVE);
        $driveService = new Drive($client);
        $emptyFileMetadata = new DriveFile();
        // Retrieve the existing parents to remove
        $file = $driveService->files->get($fileId, array('fields' => 'parents'));
        $previousParents = join(',', $file->parents);
        // Move the file to the new folder
        $file = $driveService->files->update($fileId, $emptyFileMetadata, array(
            'addParents' => $folderId,
            'removeParents' => $previousParents,
            'fields' => 'id, parents'));
        return $file->parents;
    } catch(Exception $e) {
        echo "Error Message: ".$e;
    }
}

.NET

drive/snippets/drive_v3/DriveV3Snippets/MoveFileToFolder.cs
using Google;
using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Drive.v3;
using Google.Apis.Services;

namespace DriveV3Snippets
{
    // Class to demonstrate use-case of Drive move file to folder.
    public class MoveFileToFolder
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Move specified file to the specified folder.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="fileId">Id of file to be moved.</param>
        /// <param name="folderId">Id of folder where the fill will be moved.</param>
        /// <returns>list of parent ids for the file, null otherwise.</returns>
        public static IList<string> DriveMoveFileToFolder(string fileId,
            string folderId)
        {
            try
            {
                /* Load pre-authorized user credentials from the environment.
                 TODO(developer) - See https://developers.google.com/identity for 
                 guides on implementing OAuth2 for your application. */
                GoogleCredential credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
                    .CreateScoped(DriveService.Scope.Drive);

                // Create Drive API service.
                var service = new DriveService(new BaseClientService.Initializer
                {
                    HttpClientInitializer = credential,
                    ApplicationName = "Drive API Snippets"
                });

                // Retrieve the existing parents to remove
                var getRequest = service.Files.Get(fileId);
                getRequest.Fields = "parents";
                var file = getRequest.Execute();
                var previousParents = String.Join(",", file.Parents);
                // Move the file to the new folder
                var updateRequest =
                    service.Files.Update(new Google.Apis.Drive.v3.Data.File(),
                        fileId);
                updateRequest.Fields = "id, parents";
                updateRequest.AddParents = folderId;
                updateRequest.RemoveParents = previousParents;
                file = updateRequest.Execute();

                return file.Parents;
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                // TODO(developer) - handle error appropriately
                if (e is AggregateException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Credential Not found");
                }
                else if (e is GoogleApiException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("File or Folder not found");
                }
                else
                {
                    throw;
                }
            }
            return null;
        }
    }
}

Límites de carpetas

Las carpetas de Drive tienen algunos límites de almacenamiento.

Límite de elementos

Cada carpeta de la sección Mi unidad de un usuario tiene un límite de 500,000 elementos. Este límite no se aplica a la carpeta raíz de Mi unidad. Los elementos que se consideran para este límite son los siguientes:

Para obtener más información sobre los límites de carpetas, consulta Límites de carpetas en Google Drive.

Límite de profundidad de la carpeta

La sección Mi unidad de un usuario no puede contener más de 100 niveles de carpetas anidadas. Esto significa que una carpeta secundaria no se puede almacenar en una carpeta con más de 99 niveles de profundidad. Esta limitación solo se aplica a las carpetas secundarias. Los archivos secundarios con un tipo de MIME distinto de application/vnd.google-apps.folder están exentos de esta limitación.

Por ejemplo, en el siguiente diagrama, se puede anidar una carpeta nueva dentro de la carpeta número 99, pero no dentro de la carpeta número 100. Sin embargo, la carpeta número 100 puede almacenar archivos como cualquier otra carpeta de Drive:

Límite de profundidad de la carpeta de Drive.

Si intentas agregar más de 100 niveles de carpetas, se mostrará una respuesta de código de estado HTTP myDriveHierarchyDepthLimitExceeded.