Visualization: Pie Chart

Overview

A pie chart that is rendered within the browser using SVG or VML. Displays tooltips when hovering over slices.

Example

 
<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load('current', {'packages':['corechart']});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);

      function drawChart() {

        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Task', 'Hours per Day'],
          ['Work',     11],
          ['Eat',      2],
          ['Commute',  2],
          ['Watch TV', 2],
          ['Sleep',    7]
        ]);

        var options = {
          title: 'My Daily Activities'
        };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('piechart'));

        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="piechart" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Making a 3D Pie Chart

If you set the is3D option to true, your pie chart will be drawn as though it has three dimensions:

is3D is false by default, so here we explicitly set it to true: 

<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load("current", {packages:["corechart"]});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
      function drawChart() {
        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Task', 'Hours per Day'],
          ['Work',     11],
          ['Eat',      2],
          ['Commute',  2],
          ['Watch TV', 2],
          ['Sleep',    7]
        ]);

        var options = {
          title: 'My Daily Activities',
          is3D: true,
        };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('piechart_3d'));
        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="piechart_3d" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Making a Donut Chart

A donut chart is a pie chart with a hole in the center. You can create donut charts with the pieHole option:

The pieHole option should be set to a number between 0 and 1, corresponding to the ratio of radii between the hole and the chart. Numbers between 0.4 and 0.6 will look best on most charts. Values equal to or greater than 1 will be ignored, and a value of 0 will completely shut your piehole.

<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load("current", {packages:["corechart"]});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
      function drawChart() {
        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Task', 'Hours per Day'],
          ['Work',     11],
          ['Eat',      2],
          ['Commute',  2],
          ['Watch TV', 2],
          ['Sleep',    7]
        ]);

        var options = {
          title: 'My Daily Activities',
          pieHole: 0.4,
        };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('donutchart'));
        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="donutchart" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

You can't combine the pieHole and is3D options; if you do, pieHole will be ignored.

Note that Google Charts tries to place the label as close to the center of the slice as possible. If you have a donut chart with just one slice, the center of the slice may fall into the donut hole. In that case, change the color of the label:
Options
        var options = {
          pieHole: 0.5,
          pieSliceTextStyle: {
            color: 'black',
          },
          legend: 'none'
        };
Full HTML
<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load('current', {'packages':['corechart']});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);

      function drawChart() {

        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Effort', 'Amount given'],
          ['My all',     100],
        ]);

        var options = {
          pieHole: 0.5,
          pieSliceTextStyle: {
            color: 'black',
          },
          legend: 'none'
        };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('donut_single'));
        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="donut_single" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Rotating a Pie Chart

By default, pie charts begin with the left edge of the first slice pointing straight up. You can change that with the pieStartAngle option:

Here, we rotate the chart clockwise 100 degrees with an option of pieStartAngle: 100. (So chosen because that particular angle happens to make the "Italian" label fit inside the slice.)

<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load("current", {packages:["corechart"]});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
      function drawChart() {
        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Language', 'Speakers (in millions)'],
          ['German',  5.85],
          ['French',  1.66],
          ['Italian', 0.316],
          ['Romansh', 0.0791]
        ]);

      var options = {
        legend: 'none',
        pieSliceText: 'label',
        title: 'Swiss Language Use (100 degree rotation)',
        pieStartAngle: 100,
      };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('piechart'));
        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="piechart" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Exploding a Slice

You can separate pie slices from the rest of the chart with the offset property of the slices option:

To separate a slice, create a slices object and assign the appropriate slice number an offset between 0 and 1. Below, we assign progressively larger offsets to slices 4 (Gujarati), 12 (Marathi), 14 (Oriya), and 15 (Punjabi): 

<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load("current", {packages:["corechart"]});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
      function drawChart() {
        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Language', 'Speakers (in millions)'],
          ['Assamese', 13], ['Bengali', 83], ['Bodo', 1.4],
          ['Dogri', 2.3], ['Gujarati', 46], ['Hindi', 300],
          ['Kannada', 38], ['Kashmiri', 5.5], ['Konkani', 5],
          ['Maithili', 20], ['Malayalam', 33], ['Manipuri', 1.5],
          ['Marathi', 72], ['Nepali', 2.9], ['Oriya', 33],
          ['Punjabi', 29], ['Sanskrit', 0.01], ['Santhali', 6.5],
          ['Sindhi', 2.5], ['Tamil', 61], ['Telugu', 74], ['Urdu', 52]
        ]);

        var options = {
          title: 'Indian Language Use',
          legend: 'none',
          pieSliceText: 'label',
          slices: {  4: {offset: 0.2},
                    12: {offset: 0.3},
                    14: {offset: 0.4},
                    15: {offset: 0.5},
          },
        };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('piechart'));
        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="piechart" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Removing Slices

To omit a slice, change the color to 'transparent':

We also used the pieStartAngle to rotate the chart 135 degrees, pieSliceText to remove the text from the slices, and tooltip.trigger to disable tooltips:

<html>
  <head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
      google.charts.load("current", {packages:["corechart"]});
      google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
      function drawChart() {
        var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
          ['Pac Man', 'Percentage'],
          ['', 75],
          ['', 25]
        ]);

        var options = {
          legend: 'none',
          pieSliceText: 'none',
          pieStartAngle: 135,
          tooltip: { trigger: 'none' },
          slices: {
            0: { color: 'yellow' },
            1: { color: 'transparent' }
          }
        };

        var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('pacman'));
        chart.draw(data, options);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="pacman" style="width: 900px; height: 500px;"></div>
  </body>
</html>

Slice Visibility Threshold

You can set a value as the threshold for a pie slice to render individually. This value corresponds to a fraction of the chart (with the whole chart being of value 1). To set this threshold as a percentage of the whole, divide the percentage desired by 100 (for a 20% threshold, the value would be 0.2). 

sliceVisibilityThreshold: 5/8 // This is equivalent to 0.625 or 62.5% of the chart.

Any slices smaller than this threshold will be combined into a single "Other" slice, and will have the combined value of all slices below the threshold. 

    google.charts.load('current', {'packages':['corechart']});
    google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);

    function drawChart() {

      var data = new google.visualization.DataTable();
      data.addColumn('string', 'Pizza');
      data.addColumn('number', 'Populartiy');
      data.addRows([
        ['Pepperoni', 33],
        ['Hawaiian', 26],
        ['Mushroom', 22],
        ['Sausage', 10], // Below limit.
        ['Anchovies', 9] // Below limit.
      ]);

      var options = {
        title: 'Popularity of Types of Pizza',
        sliceVisibilityThreshold: .2
      };

      var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));
      chart.draw(data, options);
    }

Loading

The google.charts.load package name is "corechart".

  google.charts.load("current", {packages: ["corechart"]});

The visualization's class name is google.visualization.PieChart. 

  var visualization = new google.visualization.PieChart(container);

Data Format

Rows: Each row in the table represents a slice.

Columns:

  Column 0 Column 1 ... Column N (optional)
Purpose: Slice labels Slice values ... Optional roles
Data Type: string number ...
Role: domain data ...
Optional column roles: None None ...

Configuration Options

Name
backgroundColor

The background color for the main area of the chart. Can be either a simple HTML color string, for example: 'red' or '#00cc00', or an object with the following properties.

Type: string or object
Default: 'white'
backgroundColor.stroke

The color of the chart border, as an HTML color string.

Type: string
Default: '#666'
backgroundColor.strokeWidth

The border width, in pixels.

Type: number
Default: 0
backgroundColor.fill

The chart fill color, as an HTML color string.

Type: string
Default: 'white'
chartArea

An object with members to configure the placement and size of the chart area (where the chart itself is drawn, excluding axis and legends). Two formats are supported: a number, or a number followed by %. A simple number is a value in pixels; a number followed by % is a percentage. Example: chartArea:{left:20,top:0,width:'50%',height:'75%'}

Type: object
Default: null
chartArea.backgroundColor
Chart area background color. When a string is used, it can be either a hex string (e.g., '#fdc') or an English color name. When an object is used, the following properties can be provided:
  • stroke: the color, provided as a hex string or English color name.
  • strokeWidth: if provided, draws a border around the chart area of the given width (and with the color of stroke).
Type: string or object
Default: 'white'
chartArea.left

How far to draw the chart from the left border.

Type: number or string
Default: auto
chartArea.top

How far to draw the chart from the top border.

Type: number or string
Default: auto
chartArea.width

Chart area width.

Type: number or string
Default: auto
chartArea.height

Chart area height.

Type: number or string
Default: auto
colors

The colors to use for the chart elements. An array of strings, where each element is an HTML color string, for example: colors:['red','#004411'].

Type: Array of strings
Default: default colors
enableInteractivity

Whether the chart throws user-based events or reacts to user interaction. If false, the chart will not throw 'select' or other interaction-based events (but will throw ready or error events), and will not display hovertext or otherwise change depending on user input.

Type: boolean
Default: true
fontSize

The default font size, in pixels, of all text in the chart. You can override this using properties for specific chart elements.

Type: number
Default: automatic
fontName

The default font face for all text in the chart. You can override this using properties for specific chart elements.

Type: string
Default: 'Arial'
forceIFrame

Draws the chart inside an inline frame. (Note that on IE8, this option is ignored; all IE8 charts are drawn in i-frames.)

Type: boolean
Default: false
height

Height of the chart, in pixels.

Type: number
Default: height of the containing element
is3D

If true, displays a three-dimensional chart.

Type: boolean
Default: false
legend

An object with members to configure various aspects of the legend. To specify properties of this object, you can use object literal notation, as shown here: 

{position: 'top', textStyle: {color: 'blue', fontSize: 16}}
Type: object
Default: null
legend.alignment

Alignment of the legend. Can be one of the following:

  • 'start' - Aligned to the start of the area allocated for the legend.
  • 'center' - Centered in the area allocated for the legend.
  • 'end' - Aligned to the end of the area allocated for the legend.

Start, center, and end are relative to the style -- vertical or horizontal -- of the legend. For example, in a 'right' legend, 'start' and 'end' are at the top and bottom, respectively; for a 'top' legend, 'start' and 'end' would be at the left and right of the area, respectively.

The default value depends on the legend's position. For 'bottom' legends, the default is 'center'; other legends default to 'start'.

Type: string
Default: automatic
legend.position

Position of the legend. Can be one of the following:

  • 'bottom' - Displays the legend below the chart.
  • 'labeled' - Draws lines connecting slices to their data values.
  • 'left' - Displays the legend left of the chart.
  • 'none' - Displays no legend.
  • 'right' - Displays the legend right of the chart.
  • 'top' - Displays the legend above the chart.
Type: string
Default: 'right'
legend.maxLines

Maximum number of lines in the legend. Set this to a number greater than one to add lines to your legend. Note: The exact logic used to determine the actual number of lines rendered is still in flux.

This option currently works only when legend.position is 'top'.

Type: number
Default: 1
legend.textStyle

An object that specifies the legend text style. The object has this format:

{ color: <string>,
  fontName: <string>,
  fontSize: <number>,
  bold: <boolean>,
  italic: <boolean> }

The color can be any HTML color string, for example: 'red' or '#00cc00'. Also see fontName and fontSize.

Type: object
Default: {color: 'black', fontName: <global-font-name>, fontSize: <global-font-size>}
pieHole

If between 0 and 1, displays a donut chart. The hole with have a radius equal to number times the radius of the chart.

Type: number
Default: 0
pieSliceBorderColor

The color of the slice borders. Only applicable when the chart is two-dimensional.

Type: string
Default: 'white'
pieSliceText

The content of the text displayed on the slice. Can be one of the following:

  • 'percentage' - The percentage of the slice size out of the total.
  • 'value' - The quantitative value of the slice.
  • 'label' - The name of the slice.
  • 'none' - No text is displayed.
Type: string
Default: 'percentage'
pieSliceTextStyle

An object that specifies the slice text style. The object has this format:

{color: <string>, fontName: <string>, fontSize: <number>}

The color can be any HTML color string, for example: 'red' or '#00cc00'. Also see fontName and fontSize.

Type: object
Default: {color: 'black', fontName: <global-font-name>, fontSize: <global-font-size>}
pieStartAngle

The angle, in degrees, to rotate the chart by. The default of 0 will orient the leftmost edge of the first slice directly up.

Type: number
Default: 0
reverseCategories

If true, draws slices counterclockwise. The default is to draw clockwise.

Type: boolean
Default: false
pieResidueSliceColor

Color for the combination slice that holds all slices below sliceVisibilityThreshold.

Type: string
Default: '#ccc'
pieResidueSliceLabel

A label for the combination slice that holds all slices below sliceVisibilityThreshold.

Type: string
Default: 'Other'
slices

An array of objects, each describing the format of the corresponding slice in the pie. To use default values for a slice, specify an empty object (i.e., {}). If a slice or a value is not specified, the global value will be used. Each object supports the following properties:

  • color - The color to use for this slice. Specify a valid HTML color string.
  • offset - How far to separate the slice from the rest of the pie, from 0.0 (not at all) to 1.0 (the pie's radius).
  • textStyle - Overrides the global pieSliceTextStyle for this slice.

You can specify either an array of objects, each of which applies to the slice in the order given, or you can specify an object where each child has a numeric key indicating which slice it applies to. For example, the following two declarations are identical, and declare the first slice as black and the fourth as red: 

slices: [{color: 'black'}, {}, {}, {color: 'red'}]
slices: {0: {color: 'black'}, 3: {color: 'red'}}
Type: Array of objects, or object with nested objects
Default: {}
sliceVisibilityThreshold

The fractional value of the pie, below which a slice will not show individually. All slices that have not passed this threshold will be combined to a single "Other" slice, whose size is the sum of all their sizes. Default is not to show individually any slice which is smaller than half a degree. 

// Slices less than 25% of the pie will be
// combined into an "Other" slice.
sliceVisibilityThreshold: .25
Type: number
Default: Half a degree (.5/360 or 1/720 or .0014)
title

Text to display above the chart.

Type: string
Default: no title
titleTextStyle

An object that specifies the title text style. The object has this format:

{ color: <string>,
  fontName: <string>,
  fontSize: <number>,
  bold: <boolean>,
  italic: <boolean> }

The color can be any HTML color string, for example: 'red' or '#00cc00'. Also see fontName and fontSize.

Type: object
Default: {color: 'black', fontName: <global-font-name>, fontSize: <global-font-size>}
tooltip

An object with members to configure various tooltip elements. To specify properties of this object, you can use object literal notation, as shown here: 

{textStyle: {color: '#FF0000'}, showColorCode: true}
Type: object
Default: null
tooltip.ignoreBounds

If set to true, allows the drawing of tooltips to flow outside of the bounds of the chart on all sides.

Note: This only applies to HTML tooltips. If this is enabled with SVG tooltips, any overflow outside of the chart bounds will be cropped. See Customizing Tooltip Content for more details.

Type: boolean
Default: false
tooltip.isHtml

If set to true, use HTML-rendered (rather than SVG-rendered) tooltips. See Customizing Tooltip Content for more details.

Note: customization of the HTML tooltip content via the tooltip column data role is not supported by the Bubble Chart visualization.

Type: boolean
Default: false
tooltip.showColorCode

If true, show colored squares next to the slice information in the tooltip.

Type: boolean
Default: false
tooltip.text

What information to display when the user hovers over a pie slice. The following values are supported:

  • 'both' - [Default] Display both the absolute value of the slice and the percentage of the whole.
  • 'value' - Display only the absolute value of the slice.
  • 'percentage' - Display only the percentage of the whole represented by the slice.
Type: string
Default: 'both'
tooltip.textStyle

An object that specifies the tooltip text style. The object has this format:

{ color: <string>,
  fontName: <string>,
  fontSize: <number>,
  bold: <boolean>,
  italic: <boolean> }

The color can be any HTML color string, for example: 'red' or '#00cc00'. Also see fontName and fontSize.

Type: object
Default: {color: 'black', fontName: <global-font-name>, fontSize: <global-font-size>}
tooltip.trigger

The user interaction that causes the tooltip to be displayed:

  • 'focus' - The tooltip will be displayed when the user hovers over the element.
  • 'none' - The tooltip will not be displayed.
  • 'selection' - The tooltip will be displayed when the user selects the element.
Type: string
Default: 'focus'
width

Width of the chart, in pixels.

Type: number
Default: width of the containing element

Methods

Method
draw(data, options)

Draws the chart. The chart accepts further method calls only after the readyevent is fired. Extended description.

Return Type: none
getAction(actionID)

Returns the tooltip action object with the requested actionID.

Return Type: object
getBoundingBox(id)

Returns an object containing the left, top, width, and height of chart element id. The format for id isn't yet documented (they're the return values of event handlers), but here are some examples:

var cli = chart.getChartLayoutInterface();

Height of the chart area
cli.getBoundingBox('chartarea').height
Width of the third bar in the first series of a bar or column chart
cli.getBoundingBox('bar#0#2').width
Bounding box of the fifth wedge of a pie chart
cli.getBoundingBox('slice#4')
Bounding box of the chart data of a vertical (e.g., column) chart:
cli.getBoundingBox('vAxis#0#gridline')
Bounding box of the chart data of a horizontal (e.g., bar) chart:
cli.getBoundingBox('hAxis#0#gridline')

Values are relative to the container of the chart. Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: object
getChartAreaBoundingBox()

Returns an object containing the left, top, width, and height of the chart content (i.e., excluding labels and legend):

var cli = chart.getChartLayoutInterface();

cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox().left
cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox().top
cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox().height
cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox().width

Values are relative to the container of the chart. Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: object
getChartLayoutInterface()

Returns an object containing information about the onscreen placement of the chart and its elements.

The following methods can be called on the returned object:

  • getBoundingBox
  • getChartAreaBoundingBox
  • getHAxisValue
  • getVAxisValue
  • getXLocation
  • getYLocation

Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: object
getHAxisValue(xPosition, optional_axis_index)

Returns the horizontal data value at xPosition, which is a pixel offset from the chart container's left edge. Can be negative.

Example: chart.getChartLayoutInterface().getHAxisValue(400).

Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: number
getImageURI()

Returns the chart serialized as an image URI.

Call this after the chart is drawn.

See Printing PNG Charts.

Return Type: string
getSelection()

Returns an array of the selected chart entities. Selectable entities are slices and legend entries. For this chart, only one entity can be selected at any given moment. Extended description .

Return Type: Array of selection elements
getVAxisValue(yPosition, optional_axis_index)

Returns the vertical data value at yPosition, which is a pixel offset down from the chart container's top edge. Can be negative.

Example: chart.getChartLayoutInterface().getVAxisValue(300).

Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: number
getXLocation(dataValue, optional_axis_index)

Returns the pixel x-coordinate of dataValue relative to the left edge of the chart's container.

Example: chart.getChartLayoutInterface().getXLocation(400).

Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: number
getYLocation(dataValue, optional_axis_index)

Returns the pixel y-coordinate of dataValue relative to the top edge of the chart's container.

Example: chart.getChartLayoutInterface().getYLocation(300).

Call this after the chart is drawn.

Return Type: number
removeAction(actionID)

Removes the tooltip action with the requested actionID from the chart.

Return Type: none
setAction(action)

Sets a tooltip action to be executed when the user clicks on the action text.

The setAction method takes an object as its action parameter. This object should specify 3 properties: id— the ID of the action being set, text —the text that should appear in the tooltip for the action, and action — the function that should be run when a user clicks on the action text.

Any and all tooltip actions should be set prior to calling the chart's draw() method. Extended description.

Return Type: none
setSelection()

Selects the specified chart entities. Cancels any previous selection. Selectable entities are slices and legend entries. For this chart, only one entity can be selected at a time. Extended description .

Return Type: none
clearChart()

Clears the chart, and releases all of its allocated resources.

Return Type: none

Events

For more information on how to use these events, see Basic Interactivity, Handling Events, and Firing Events.

Name
click

Fired when the user clicks inside the chart. Can be used to identify when the title, data elements, legend entries, axes, gridlines, or labels are clicked.

Properties: targetID
error

Fired when an error occurs when attempting to render the chart.

Properties: id, message
onmouseover

Fired when the user mouses over a visual entity. Passes back the row and column indices of the corresponding data table element. A slice or legend entry correlates to a row in the data table (column index is null).

Properties: row, column
onmouseout

Fired when the user mouses away from a visual entity. Passes back the row and column indices of the corresponding data table element. A slice or legend entry correlates to a row in the data table (column index is null).

Properties: row, column
ready

The chart is ready for external method calls. If you want to interact with the chart, and call methods after you draw it, you should set up a listener for this event before you call the draw method, and call them only after the event was fired.

Properties: none
select

Fired when the user clicks a visual entity. To learn what has been selected, call getSelection().

Properties: none

Data Policy

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