Google Workspace 文件中的對話方塊和側欄

繫結至 Google 文件、試算表或表單的腳本可以顯示多種使用者介面元素，包括內建的快訊和提示，以及包含自訂 HTML 服務頁面的對話方塊和側欄。通常，這些元素會透過選單項目開啟。(請注意，在 Google 表單中，只有開啟表單進行修改的編輯者才能看到使用者介面元素，而非開啟表單進行回覆的使用者)。

快訊對話方塊

警示是預先建構的對話方塊，會在 Google 文件、試算表、簡報或表單編輯器中開啟。這類對話方塊會顯示訊息和「確定」按鈕；標題和其他按鈕則為選用項目。這類似於在網頁瀏覽器中，在用戶端 JavaScript 中呼叫 window.alert()。

在對話方塊開啟時，警示會暫停伺服器端指令碼。使用者關閉對話方塊後，指令碼會繼續執行，但 JDBC 連線不會在暫停期間持續存在。

如以下範例所示，Google 文件、表單、簡報和試算表都使用 Ui.alert() 方法，且有三種變化版本。如要覆寫預設的「OK」按鈕，請將 Ui.ButtonSet 列舉的值做為 buttons 引數傳遞。如要評估使用者按下哪個按鈕，請將 alert() 的傳回值與 Ui.Button 列舉進行比較。

function onOpen() {
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi() // Or DocumentApp or SlidesApp or FormApp.
    .createMenu("Custom Menu")
    .addItem("Show alert", "showAlert")
    .addToUi();
}

function showAlert() {
  var ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi(); // Same variations.

  var result = ui.alert(
    "Please confirm",
    "Are you sure you want to continue?",
    ui.ButtonSet.YES_NO,
  );

  // Process the user's response.
  if (result == ui.Button.YES) {
    // User clicked "Yes".
    ui.alert("Confirmation received.");
  } else {
    // User clicked "No" or X in the title bar.
    ui.alert("Permission denied.");
  }
}

提示對話方塊

提示是預先建構的對話方塊，會在 Google 文件、試算表、簡報或表單編輯器中開啟。這類對話方塊會顯示訊息、文字輸入欄位和「確定」按鈕；標題和其他按鈕則為選用項目。這類似於在網頁瀏覽器中，在用戶端 JavaScript 中呼叫 window.prompt()。

提示在對話方塊開啟時暫停伺服器端指令碼。使用者關閉對話方塊後，指令碼會繼續執行，但 JDBC 連線不會在暫停期間持續存在。

如以下範例所示，Google 文件、表單、簡報和試算表都使用 Ui.prompt() 方法，且有三種變化版本。如要覆寫預設的「OK」按鈕，請將 Ui.ButtonSet 列舉的值做為 buttons 引數傳遞。如要評估使用者的回應，請擷取 prompt() 的傳回值，然後呼叫 PromptResponse.getResponseText() 來擷取使用者的輸入內容，並將 PromptResponse.getSelectedButton() 的傳回值與 Ui.Button 列舉進行比較。

function onOpen() {
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi() // Or DocumentApp or SlidesApp or FormApp.
    .createMenu("Custom Menu")
    .addItem("Show prompt", "showPrompt")
    .addToUi();
}

function showPrompt() {
  var ui = SpreadsheetApp.getUi(); // Same variations.

  var result = ui.prompt(
    "Let's get to know each other!",
    "Please enter your name:",
    ui.ButtonSet.OK_CANCEL,
  );

  // Process the user's response.
  var button = result.getSelectedButton();
  var text = result.getResponseText();
  if (button == ui.Button.OK) {
    // User clicked "OK".
    ui.alert("Your name is " + text + ".");
  } else if (button == ui.Button.CANCEL) {
    // User clicked "Cancel".
    ui.alert("I didn't get your name.");
  } else if (button == ui.Button.CLOSE) {
    // User clicked X in the title bar.
    ui.alert("You closed the dialog.");
  }
}

自訂對話方塊

自訂對話方塊可在 Google 文件、試算表、簡報或表單編輯器中顯示 HTML 服務使用者介面。

自訂對話方塊在開啟時「不會」暫停伺服器端指令碼。用戶端元件可使用 google.script API 針對 HTML 服務介面，對伺服器端指令碼發出非同步呼叫。

對話方塊可在 HTML 服務介面的用戶端端點中呼叫 google.script.host.close()，藉此關閉自身。對話方塊只能由使用者或對話方塊本身關閉，其他介面無法關閉。

如以下範例所示，Google 文件、表單、簡報和試算表都會使用 Ui.showModalDialog() 方法開啟對話方塊。

Code.gs

function onOpen() {
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi() // Or DocumentApp or SlidesApp or FormApp.
      .createMenu('Custom Menu')
      .addItem('Show dialog', 'showDialog')
      .addToUi();
}

function showDialog() {
  var html = HtmlService.createHtmlOutputFromFile('Page')
      .setWidth(400)
      .setHeight(300);
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi() // Or DocumentApp or SlidesApp or FormApp.
      .showModalDialog(html, 'My custom dialog');
}

Page.html

Hello, world! <input type="button" value="Close" onclick="google.script.host.close()" />

自訂側欄

側欄可在 Google 文件、表單、簡報和試算表編輯器中顯示 HTML 服務使用者介面。

對話方塊在開啟時不會暫停伺服器端指令碼。在 HTML 服務介面中，用戶端元件可使用 google.script API 對伺服器端指令碼發出非同步呼叫。

側欄可以透過在 HTML 服務介面的用戶端端呼叫 google.script.host.close()，自行關閉。其他介面無法關閉側邊欄，只有使用者或側邊欄本身可以關閉。

如以下範例所示，Google 文件、表單、簡報和試算表都使用 Ui.showSidebar() 方法開啟側欄。

Code.gs

function onOpen() {
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi() // Or DocumentApp or SlidesApp or FormApp.
      .createMenu('Custom Menu')
      .addItem('Show sidebar', 'showSidebar')
      .addToUi();
}

function showSidebar() {
  var html = HtmlService.createHtmlOutputFromFile('Page')
      .setTitle('My custom sidebar');
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi() // Or DocumentApp or SlidesApp or FormApp.
      .showSidebar(html);
}

Page.html

Hello, world! <input type="button" value="Close" onclick="google.script.host.close()" />

檔案開啟對話方塊

Google Picker 是一種 JavaScript API，可讓使用者選取或上傳 Google 雲端硬碟檔案。Google Picker 程式庫可用於 HTML 服務，用於建立自訂對話方塊，讓使用者選取現有檔案或上傳新檔案，然後將該選取項目傳回至指令碼，以供日後使用。

需求條件

如要搭配 Apps Script 使用 Google Picker，必須符合幾項規定。

範例

以下範例說明 Apps Script 中的 Google Picker。

code.gs

picker/code.gs
/**
 * Creates a custom menu in Google Sheets when the spreadsheet opens.
 */
function onOpen() {
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi()
    .createMenu("Picker")
    .addItem("Start", "showPicker")
    .addToUi();
}

/**
 * Displays an HTML-service dialog in Google Sheets that contains client-side
 * JavaScript code for the Google Picker API.
 */
function showPicker() {
  const html = HtmlService.createHtmlOutputFromFile("dialog.html")
    .setWidth(800)
    .setHeight(600)
    .setSandboxMode(HtmlService.SandboxMode.IFRAME);
  SpreadsheetApp.getUi().showModalDialog(html, "Select a file");
}
/**
 * Checks that the file can be accessed.
 */
function getFile(fileId) {
  return Drive.Files.get(fileId, { fields: "*" });
}

/**
 * Gets the user's OAuth 2.0 access token so that it can be passed to Picker.
 * This technique keeps Picker from needing to show its own authorization
 * dialog, but is only possible if the OAuth scope that Picker needs is
 * available in Apps Script. In this case, the function includes an unused call
 * to a DriveApp method to ensure that Apps Script requests access to all files
 * in the user's Drive.
 *
 * @return {string} The user's OAuth 2.0 access token.
 */
function getOAuthToken() {
  return ScriptApp.getOAuthToken();
}

dialog.html

picker/dialog.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <link
      rel="stylesheet"
      href="https://ssl.gstatic.com/docs/script/css/add-ons.css"
    />
    <style>
      #result {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.25em;
      }

      pre {
        font-size: x-small;
        max-height: 25vh;
        overflow-y: scroll;
        background: #eeeeee;
        padding: 1em;
        border: 1px solid #cccccc;
      }
    </style>
    <script>
      // TODO: Replace the value for DEVELOPER_KEY with the API key obtained
      // from the Google Developers Console.
      const DEVELOPER_KEY = "AIza...";
      // TODO: Replace the value for CLOUD_PROJECT_NUMBER with the project
      // number obtained from the Google Developers Console.
      const CLOUD_PROJECT_NUMBER = "1234567890";

      let pickerApiLoaded = false;
      let oauthToken;

      /**
       * Loads the Google Picker API.
       */
      function onApiLoad() {
        gapi.load("picker", {
          callback: function () {
            pickerApiLoaded = true;
          },
        });
      }

      /**
       * Gets the user's OAuth 2.0 access token from the server-side script so that
       * it can be passed to Picker. This technique keeps Picker from needing to
       * show its own authorization dialog, but is only possible if the OAuth scope
       * that Picker needs is available in Apps Script. Otherwise, your Picker code
       * will need to declare its own OAuth scopes.
       */
      function getOAuthToken() {
        google.script.run
          .withSuccessHandler((token) => {
            oauthToken = token;
            createPicker(token);
          })
          .withFailureHandler(showError)
          .getOAuthToken();
      }

      /**
       * Creates a Picker that can access the user's spreadsheets. This function
       * uses advanced options to hide the Picker's left navigation panel and
       * default title bar.
       *
       * @param {string} token An OAuth 2.0 access token that lets Picker access the
       *     file type specified in the addView call.
       */
      function createPicker(token) {
        document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = "";

        if (pickerApiLoaded && token) {
          const picker = new google.picker.PickerBuilder()
            // Instruct Picker to display only spreadsheets in Drive. For other
            // views, see https://developers.google.com/picker/reference/picker.viewid
            .addView(
              new google.picker.DocsView(
                google.picker.ViewId.SPREADSHEETS
              ).setOwnedByMe(true)
            )
            // Hide the navigation panel so that Picker fills more of the dialog.
            .enableFeature(google.picker.Feature.NAV_HIDDEN)
            // Hide the title bar since an Apps Script dialog already has a title.
            .hideTitleBar()
            .setOAuthToken(token)
            .setDeveloperKey(DEVELOPER_KEY)
            .setAppId(CLOUD_PROJECT_NUMBER)
            .setCallback(pickerCallback)
            .setOrigin(google.script.host.origin)
            .build();
          picker.setVisible(true);
        } else {
          showError("Unable to load the file picker.");
        }
      }

      /**
       * A callback function that extracts the chosen document's metadata from the
       * response object. For details on the response object, see
       * https://developers.google.com/picker/reference/picker.responseobject
       *
       * @param {object} data The response object.
       */
      function pickerCallback(data) {
        const action = data[google.picker.Response.ACTION];
        if (action == google.picker.Action.PICKED) {
          handlePicked(data);
        } else if (action == google.picker.Action.CANCEL) {
          document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = "Picker canceled.";
        }
      }

      /**
       * Handles `"PICKED"` responsed from the Google Picker.
       *
       * @param {object} data The response object.
       */
      function handlePicked(data) {
        const doc = data[google.picker.Response.DOCUMENTS][0];
        const id = doc[google.picker.Document.ID];

        google.script.run
          .withSuccessHandler((driveFilesGetResponse) => {
            // Render the response from Picker and the Drive.Files.Get API.
            const resultElement = document.getElementById("result");
            resultElement.innerHTML = "";

            for (const response of [
              {
                title: "Picker response",
                content: JSON.stringify(data, null, 2),
              },
              {
                title: "Drive.Files.Get response",
                content: JSON.stringify(driveFilesGetResponse, null, 2),
              },
            ]) {
              const titleElement = document.createElement("h3");
              titleElement.appendChild(document.createTextNode(response.title));
              resultElement.appendChild(titleElement);

              const contentElement = document.createElement("pre");
              contentElement.appendChild(
                document.createTextNode(response.content)
              );
              resultElement.appendChild(contentElement);
            }
          })
          .withFailureHandler(showError)
          .getFile(data[google.picker.Response.DOCUMENTS][0].id);
      }

      /**
       * Displays an error message within the #result element.
       *
       * @param {string} message The error message to display.
       */
      function showError(message) {
        document.getElementById("result").innerHTML = "Error: " + message;
      }
    </script>
  </head>

  <body>
    <div>
      <button onclick="getOAuthToken()">Select a file</button>
      <div id="result"></div>
    </div>
    <script src="https://apis.google.com/js/api.js?onload=onApiLoad"></script>
  </body>
</html>

appsscript.json

picker/appsscript.json
{
    "timeZone": "America/Los_Angeles",
    "exceptionLogging": "STACKDRIVER",
    "runtimeVersion": "V8",
    "oauthScopes": [
      "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/script.container.ui",
      "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file"
    ],
    "dependencies": {
      "enabledAdvancedServices": [
        {
          "userSymbol": "Drive",
          "version": "v3",
          "serviceId": "drive"
        }
      ]
    }
  }