Penautan akun dengan penautan "Login dengan Google" berbasis OAuth

Jenis Penautan Login dengan Google berbasis OAuth menambahkan Login dengan Google di atas penautan akun berbasis OAuth. Hal ini akan memberikan penautan berbasis suara yang lancar bagi pengguna Google, sekaligus memungkinkan penautan akun bagi pengguna yang mendaftar ke layanan Anda dengan identitas non-Google.

Jenis penautan ini dimulai dengan Login dengan Google, yang memungkinkan Anda memeriksa apakah informasi profil Google pengguna ada di sistem Anda. Jika informasi pengguna tidak ditemukan di sistem Anda, alur OAuth standar dimulai. Pengguna juga dapat memilih untuk membuat akun baru dengan informasi profil Google-nya.

Untuk melakukan penautan akun dengan jenis Penautan yang disederhanakan, ikuti langkah-langkah umum berikut:

1. Pertama, minta pengguna memberikan izin untuk mengakses profil Google-nya.
2. Gunakan informasi di profil mereka untuk mengidentifikasi pengguna.
3. Jika Anda tidak dapat menemukan kecocokan untuk pengguna Google di sistem autentikasi, alur akan dilanjutkan bergantung pada apakah Anda mengonfigurasi project Action di konsol Actions untuk mengizinkan pembuatan akun pengguna melalui suara atau hanya di situs Anda.
   • Jika Anda mengizinkan pembuatan akun melalui suara, validasi token ID yang diterima dari Google. Kemudian, Anda dapat membuat pengguna berdasarkan informasi profil yang terdapat dalam token ID.
   • Jika Anda tidak mengizinkan pembuatan akun melalui suara, pengguna akan ditransfer ke browser tempat mereka dapat memuat halaman otorisasi dan menyelesaikan alur pembuatan pengguna.

Mendukung pembuatan akun melalui suara

Jika Anda mengizinkan pembuatan akun pengguna melalui suara, Asisten akan menanyakan kepada pengguna apakah mereka ingin melakukan hal berikut:

• Buat akun baru di sistem Anda menggunakan informasi Akun Google-nya, atau
• Login ke sistem autentikasi Anda dengan akun lain jika mereka sudah memiliki akun non-Google.

Sebaiknya izinkan pembuatan akun melalui suara jika Anda ingin meminimalkan gangguan pada alur pembuatan akun. Pengguna hanya perlu keluar dari alur suara jika ingin login menggunakan akun non-Google yang sudah ada.

Larang pembuatan akun melalui suara

Jika Anda tidak mengizinkan pembuatan akun pengguna melalui suara, Asisten akan membuka URL ke situs web yang Anda berikan untuk autentikasi pengguna. Jika interaksi terjadi di perangkat yang tidak memiliki layar, Asisten akan mengarahkan pengguna ke ponsel untuk melanjutkan alur penautan akun.

Sebaiknya jangan izinkan pembuatan jika:

• Anda tidak ingin mengizinkan pengguna yang memiliki akun non-Google membuat akun pengguna baru dan ingin mereka menautkan ke akun pengguna yang ada dalam sistem autentikasi Anda. Misalnya, jika Anda menawarkan program loyalitas, Anda mungkin ingin memastikan bahwa pengguna tidak kehilangan poin yang dikumpulkan di akunnya yang sudah ada.

• Anda harus memiliki kontrol penuh atas alur pembuatan akun. Misalnya, Anda dapat melarang pembuatan jika Anda perlu menampilkan persyaratan layanan kepada pengguna selama pembuatan akun.

Menerapkan penautan "Menyederhanakan" Login dengan Google berbasis OAuth

Akun ditautkan dengan alur OAuth 2.0 standar industri. Actions on Google mendukung alur kode implisit dan otorisasi.

In the implicit code flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from the Assistant to your Action.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

• The authorization endpoint, which is responsible for presenting the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and recording consent to the requested access in the form of a short-lived authorization code.
• The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:
  1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
  2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Although the implicit code flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued using the implicit flow never expire, because using token expiration with the implicit flow forces the user to link their account again. If you need token expiration for security reasons, you should strongly consider using the auth code flow instead.

Mengonfigurasi project

Untuk mengonfigurasi project Anda agar menggunakan Penautan yang disederhanakan, ikuti langkah-langkah berikut:

1. Buka konsol Actions dan pilih project yang ingin Anda gunakan.
2. Klik tab Develop dan pilih Account linking.
3. Aktifkan tombol di samping Penautan akun.
4. Di bagian Pembuatan akun, pilih Ya.

5. Di Jenis penautan, pilih Login dengan Google & OAuth lalu Implisit.

   

6. Di Informasi Klien, lakukan hal berikut:

   • Tetapkan nilai ke Client ID yang dikeluarkan oleh Actions Anda ke Google untuk mengidentifikasi permintaan yang berasal dari Google.
   • Masukkan URL untuk endpoint Otorisasi dan Pertukaran Token.

7. Klik Simpan.

Menerapkan server OAuth

To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authenticating and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.

When your Action needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API if they haven't already granted permission.
2. Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google by redirecting the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
3. Google calls your service's APIs, and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.

Handle authorization requests

When your Action needs to perform account linking via an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify the client_id and redirect_uri values to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the client ID you assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID

     YOUR_PROJECT_ID is the ID found on the Project settings page of the Actions Console.

2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate an access token that Google will use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.

4. Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:

   • access_token: the access token you just generated
   • token_type: the string bearer
   • state: the unmodified state value from the original request The following is an example of the resulting URL:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler will receive the access token and confirm that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an access token for your service, Google will attach the token to subsequent calls to your Action as part of the AppRequest.

Handle automatic linking

After the user gives your Action consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.

If the corresponding Google account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the Google account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns a user_not_found error.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&consent_code=CONSENT_CODE&scope=SCOPES

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

When your token exchange endpoint receives the linking request, it should do the following:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys (available in JWK or PEM format) to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": 1234567890,        // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "locale": "en_US"
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com and that the audience (aud field) is the client ID assigned to your Action.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

• The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
• The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, the user has already signed up and you can issue an access token.

If neither the Google Account ID nor the email address specified in the assertion matches a user in your database, the user hasn't signed up yet. In this case, your token exchange endpoint should reply with a HTTP 401 error, that specifies error=user_not_found, as in the following example:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"user_not_found",
}

Handle account creation via Google Sign-In

When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create, as in the following example:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&consent_code=CONSENT_CODE&assertion=JWT[&NEW_ACCOUNT_INFO]

The assertion parameter contains A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your service.

To respond to account creation requests, your token exchange endpoint must do the following:

Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys (available in JWK or PEM format) to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": 1234567890,        // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "locale": "en_US"
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com and that the audience (aud field) is the client ID assigned to your Action.

Validate user information and create new account

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

• The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
• The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account with their Google Account by responding to the request with an HTTP 401 error, specifying error=linking_error and the user's email address as the login_hint, as in the following example:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

If neither condition is true, create a new user account using the information provided in the JWT. New accounts do not typically have a password set. It is recommended that you add Google Sign In to other platforms to enable users to log in via Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password for signing in on other platforms.

When the creation is completed, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
  
  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Mendesain antarmuka pengguna suara untuk alur autentikasi

Periksa apakah pengguna telah diverifikasi dan mulai alur penautan akun

1. Buka project Action Builder Anda di Konsol Actions.
2. Buat scene baru untuk memulai penautan akun di Action Anda:
   1. Klik Scene.
   2. Klik ikon add (+) untuk menambahkan adegan baru.
3. Pada scene yang baru dibuat, klik ikon tambahkan add untuk Kondisi.
4. Tambahkan kondisi yang memeriksa apakah pengguna yang terkait dengan percakapan adalah pengguna terverifikasi. Jika pemeriksaan gagal, Action Anda tidak dapat melakukan penautan akun selama percakapan, dan harus kembali menyediakan akses ke fungsi yang tidak memerlukan penautan akun.
   1. Di kolom Enter new expression pada bagian Kondisi, masukkan logika berikut: user.verificationStatus != "VERIFIED"
   2. Di bagian Transition, pilih scene yang tidak memerlukan penautan akun atau scene yang merupakan titik entri ke fungsi khusus tamu.

1. Klik ikon tambahkan add untuk Kondisi.
2. Tambahkan kondisi untuk memicu alur penautan akun jika pengguna tidak memiliki identitas terkait.
   1. Di kolom Enter new expression pada bagian Kondisi, masukkan logika berikut: user.verificationStatus == "VERIFIED"
   2. Di bagian Transisi, pilih scene sistem Penautan Akun.
   3. Klik Simpan.

Setelah disimpan, scene sistem penautan akun baru yang disebut <SceneName>_AccountLinking akan ditambahkan ke project Anda.

Menyesuaikan adegan penautan akun

1. Di bagian Scene, pilih scene sistem penautan akun.
2. Klik Kirim perintah dan tambahkan kalimat singkat untuk menjelaskan kepada pengguna alasan Action perlu mengakses identitas mereka (misalnya, "Untuk menyimpan preferensi Anda").
3. Klik Simpan.

1. Di bagian Kondisi, klik Jika pengguna berhasil menyelesaikan penautan akun.
2. Konfigurasi cara alur berjalan jika pengguna setuju untuk menautkan akun mereka. Misalnya, panggil webhook untuk memproses logika bisnis kustom yang diperlukan dan lakukan transisi kembali ke scene asal.
3. Klik Simpan.

1. Di bagian Kondisi, klik Jika pengguna membatalkan atau menolak penautan akun.
2. Konfigurasikan cara alur akan dilanjutkan jika pengguna tidak setuju untuk menautkan akunnya. Misalnya, kirim pesan konfirmasi dan alihkan ke scene yang menyediakan fungsi yang tidak memerlukan penautan akun.
3. Klik Simpan.

1. Di bagian Kondisi, klik Jika terjadi error sistem atau jaringan.
2. Konfigurasikan cara alur akan dilanjutkan jika alur penautan akun tidak dapat diselesaikan karena error sistem atau jaringan. Misalnya, kirim pesan konfirmasi dan alihkan ke scene yang menyediakan fungsi yang tidak memerlukan penautan akun.
3. Klik Simpan.

Menangani permintaan akses data

Jika permintaan Asisten berisi token akses, periksa terlebih dahulu apakah token akses valid dan belum habis masa berlakunya, lalu ambil akun pengguna yang terkait dengan token tersebut dari database akun pengguna.