OptimizeToursRequest 會對下列項目套用限制：
- 出貨，影響運送方式
- 車輛，影響車輛路線計算方式
- 影響全球的車輛和貨運。
本指南將著重說明重要的運送限制：時間範圍。
「時間範圍」指的是您在
OptimizeToursRequest 訊息 (REST、gRPC)，以便指定
運送活動的時間限制。這類限制會影響
「運送」的時間、方式以及車輛指派情形
出貨。在這些限制下，最佳化工具會優先選擇
最接近運送時間限制的車輛。
運送限制：時間範圍
您可以在 Shipment.VisitRequest 中指定取貨或外送服務的時間
訊息如下：
含有時間範圍限制的要求範例
這個範例說明三種不同的運送方式，且每項出貨都有各自的
配送期間。為求簡單起見，本範例會在 deliveries 上設定時間範圍
，且時間範圍可以套用至上車地點。多個時段
，不過此範例只會針對每個提交 VisitRequest 使用一個。
查看包含時間範圍的要求範例
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:30:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
含有時間範圍限制的回應範例
在回應範例中，車輛的開始和結束時間為 17:35:50，
18:17:24。這些時間反映了最佳化工具
需要以 costPerHour 的形式操作要求中指定的車輛，
滿足所有時間範圍限制。將開始時間設為 17:35:50
不需車輛抵達特定地點，直到抵達目的地為止
造訪的時間範圍開始。這樣會在回應中顯示為零 waitDuration
輕鬆分配獎金
參閱 時間範圍
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:50:09Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "796s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:35Z",
"detour": "1520s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:38:20Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:50Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:43:20Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "341s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1312,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "341s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:54:19Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "205s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 636,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "205s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:45Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1294s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2494s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 4595
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
},
"routeTotalCost": 73.661111111111111
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "1294s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2494s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 4595
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:35:50Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:24Z",
"totalCost": 73.661111111111111,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 27.711111111111112,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 45.95
}
}
}
時間範圍已訂購車輛的 visits，因此
系統會優先傳送最早的時段。
shipments[2]17:50 的送達時間- 「
shipments[1]」的送達時間為 18:00 shipments[0]的送達時間為 18:07
範例要求指定了「硬」時間範圍限制，並規定
遞送時間如果出貨的
在任何時間範圍內的「VisitRequests」皆不可行，或
具成本效益，最佳化工具可以略過出貨作業。如果運送具有
penaltyCost，最佳化工具會將此值加到回應中回報的費用
metrics。否則，skippedMandatoryShipmentCount
會增加 OptimizeToursResponse 訊息 (REST、gRPC)。
如果您將shipment[1]的回溯期挪動數小時來變更時間範圍
之後 (從 18:00 開始到 21:00)，結果會有所不同，如
。
請參閱請求示例，瞭解無法進行的時間範圍 滿意
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z"
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
以下是針對第二個要求範例的回應 時段 (運送略過)
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:49:38Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "946s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:40:19Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "409s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1371,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "409s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:42:49Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "372s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1348,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "372s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:48Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "339s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1276,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "339s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "1120s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1920s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3995
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332
},
"routeTotalCost": 61.283333333333331
}
],
"skippedShipments": [
{
"index": 1
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 2,
"travelDuration": "1120s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "800s",
"totalDuration": "1920s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3995
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:37:49Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:09:49Z",
"totalCost": 81.283333333333331,
"costs": {
"model.shipments.penalty_cost": 20,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 21.333333333333332,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 39.95
}
}
}
在本例中，系統略過 shipment[1] 的後續時間範圍，
因為完成運送所需的額外車輛運作時間
在指定時間範圍內寄送超過貨物的罰金。
「shipment[1]」的罰金費用會出現在 metrics.costs，且索引裡
出現在「skippedShipments」中。
適配時間範圍限制
如同費用模式參數中所述，您可以套用時間範圍 視為柔軟限制。軟性限制與硬性限制不同，如下所列：
- 硬性限制：無法違反，且最佳化工具不提供 違規的解決方案，即使這並非 出貨。
- 軟性限制：可能違反，表示最佳化工具 提供違反軟性限制的解決方案。不過，最佳化工具 也須支付費用。您需要提供這個費用 在時間範圍內額外資源，通常是指以下項目的每小時費用： 每個活動發生時間的前後 1 小時。
系統已使用 softStartTime 或 softEndTime (而不是) 將時間範圍調低
startTime 或 endTime 以及個別設定
costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime 或 costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime。
在取貨或配送作業應發生時，將時間範圍受限 在指定時間範圍內提供，但在該時間範圍內的上車或貨品交付 不一定是必要性您可同時使用硬性與固定時間範圍限制 有助於達成業務目標例如：
- 固定時間範圍： 表示客戶的營業時間，例如從 上午 9 點到下午 5 點。
- 適配時段： 指出商品送達或取貨的時間範圍 比對傳送給客戶的通知，例如上午 9 點到下午 1 點。
在這個範例中，由於訂單時間而略過的出貨作業 開始時間太晚，因此開始時間限制已柔化。另一個 出貨時間較長也讓結束時間也變得輕微
查看硬性和軟時要求示例 窗戶
{
"populatePolylines": false,
"populateTransitionPolylines": false,
"model": {
"globalStartTime": "2023-01-13T16:00:00Z",
"globalEndTime": "2023-01-14T16:00:00Z",
"shipments": [
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789456,
"longitude": -122.390192
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"softEndTime": "2023-01-13T19:00:00Z",
"costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 100.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.789116,
"longitude": -122.395080
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"softStartTime": "2023-01-13T21:00:00Z",
"endTime": "2023-01-13T21:30:00Z",
"costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 20.0
},
{
"deliveries": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.795242,
"longitude": -122.399347
},
"duration": "250s",
"timeWindows": [
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:30:00Z",
"softEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"costPerHourAfterSoftEndTime": 2.0
}
]
}
],
"pickups": [
{
"arrivalLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"duration": "150s"
}
],
"penaltyCost": 50.0
}
],
"vehicles": [
{
"endLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"startLocation": {
"latitude": 37.794465,
"longitude": -122.394839
},
"costPerHour": 40.0,
"costPerKilometer": 10.0
}
]
}
}
查看回應範例 固定時段
{
"routes": [
{
"vehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"vehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
"visits": [
{
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"detour": "0s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z",
"detour": "150s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"isPickup": true,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:00:00Z",
"detour": "300s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 1,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:07:42Z",
"detour": "493s"
},
{
"shipmentIndex": 2,
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:17:27Z",
"detour": "873s"
}
],
"transitions": [
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:51:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "0s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "0s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:53:35Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "235s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 795,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "235s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T17:56:05Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "212s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 791,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "212s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:04:10Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "335s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 1204,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "335s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:11:52Z"
},
{
"travelDuration": "171s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 665,
"waitDuration": "0s",
"totalDuration": "171s",
"startTime": "2023-01-13T18:21:37Z"
}
],
"metrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "953s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2153s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3455
},
"routeCosts": {
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55
},
"routeTotalCost": 64.797222222222217
}
],
"metrics": {
"aggregatedRouteMetrics": {
"performedShipmentCount": 3,
"travelDuration": "953s",
"waitDuration": "0s",
"delayDuration": "0s",
"breakDuration": "0s",
"visitDuration": "1200s",
"totalDuration": "2153s",
"travelDistanceMeters": 3455
},
"usedVehicleCount": 1,
"earliestVehicleStartTime": "2023-01-13T17:48:35Z",
"latestVehicleEndTime": "2023-01-13T18:24:28Z",
"totalCost": 64.797222222222217,
"costs": {
"model.vehicles.cost_per_kilometer": 34.55,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time": 5.7433333333333332,
"model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_after_soft_end_time": 0.58166666666666667,
"model.vehicles.cost_per_hour": 23.922222222222221
}
}
}
完全略過只有固定時間範圍限制的範例
shipment[1]，如果縮短送達時間，商品就會送達
「之前」。同樣地，將
其他出貨商品允許在時間範圍「過後」送達 shipment[2]
結束。
同時，成本和總貨物運送資訊也發生變化：
totalCost：已從 81.283 下降至 64.797- 總出貨量：從 2 增加到 3
由於時間範圍 比上一個範例更寬鬆。
最後，metrics.costs 屬性也包含用來指出
根據限制乘積和
錯過送達時段的通知。也就是：
costPerHourBeforeSoftStartTime/2.0 和- 實際放送到開始時間範圍之間的需要時間： 2.83583 小時
結果：
model.shipments.deliveries.time_windows.cost_per_hour_before_soft_start_time：
5.6716666666666669。
這些指標可讓您分析費用，瞭解
和軟性限制，可用於將限制條件調整至
更適合您的商業規則在本例中，總費用為
低於 20.0 的 shipment[1].penalty_cost。最佳化工具確定了
如果提前出貨，更符合成本效益
略過運送程序