将 OAuth 2.0 用于 Web 服务器应用程序

PHP

要运行本文档中的 PHP 代码示例，您需要：

• PHP 5.4 或更高版本，安装了命令行界面 (CLI) 和 JSON 扩展。
• 该作曲家依赖管理工具。

• PHP 的 Google API 客户端库：

  php composer.phar require google/apiclient:^2.0

Python

要运行本文档中的 Python 代码示例，您需要：

• Python 2.6 或更高版本
• 该PIP包管理工具。
• 该谷歌API客户端库的Python：

  pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client

• 在google-auth ， google-auth-oauthlib ，和google-auth-httplib2用户授权。

  pip install --upgrade google-auth google-auth-oauthlib google-auth-httplib2

• Flask Python Web 应用程序框架。

  pip install --upgrade flask

• 该requests的HTTP库。

  pip install --upgrade requests

红宝石

要运行本文档中的 Ruby 代码示例，您需要：

• Ruby 2.2.2 或更高版本

• Ruby 的 Google API 客户端库：

  gem install google-api-client

• Sinatra Ruby Web 应用程序框架。

  gem install sinatra

HTTP/REST

您无需安装任何库即可直接调用 OAuth 2.0 端点。

PHP

下面的代码段创建Google_Client()对象，其定义在所述授权请求的参数。

从client_secret.json文件对象使用情况的信息，以确定您的应用程序。 （请参阅创建授权证书更多有关文件。）对象还标识范围您的应用程序请求访问和URL到应用程序的身份验证的端点，这将处理来自谷歌的OAuth 2.0服务器的响应。最后，代码设置可选access_type和include_granted_scopes参数。

例如，此代码请求对用户的 Google Drive 进行只读、离线访问：

$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setAuthConfig('client_secret.json');
$client->addScope(Google_Service_Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY);
$client->setRedirectUri('http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/oauth2callback.php');
// offline access will give you both an access and refresh token so that
// your app can refresh the access token without user interaction.
$client->setAccessType('offline');
// Using "consent" ensures that your application always receives a refresh token.
// If you are not using offline access, you can omit this.
$client->setApprovalPrompt("consent");
$client->setIncludeGrantedScopes(true);   // incremental auth

该请求指定了以下信息：

$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setAuthConfig('client_secret.json');

$client->setRedirectUri('https://oauth2.example.com/code');

$client->addScope(Google_Service_Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY);

$client->setAccessType('offline');

$client->setState($sample_passthrough_value);

$client->setIncludeGrantedScopes(true);

$client->setLoginHint('None');

$client->setApprovalPrompt('consent');

Python

下面的代码段使用google-auth-oauthlib.flow模块来构建所述授权请求。

代码构造一个Flow对象，它标识从client_secret.json文件应用程序中使用的信息，你下载后创建的授权凭证。该对象还标识您的应用程序请求访问权限的范围以及您应用程序的 auth 端点的 URL，它将处理来自 Google 的 OAuth 2.0 服务器的响应。最后，代码设置可选access_type和include_granted_scopes参数。

例如，此代码请求对用户的 Google Drive 进行只读、离线访问：

import google.oauth2.credentials
import google_auth_oauthlib.flow

# Use the client_secret.json file to identify the application requesting
# authorization. The client ID (from that file) and access scopes are required.
flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
    'client_secret.json',
    scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'])

# Indicate where the API server will redirect the user after the user completes
# the authorization flow. The redirect URI is required. The value must exactly
# match one of the authorized redirect URIs for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you
# configured in the API Console. If this value doesn't match an authorized URI,
# you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch' error.
flow.redirect_uri = 'https://www.example.com/oauth2callback'

# Generate URL for request to Google's OAuth 2.0 server.
# Use kwargs to set optional request parameters.
authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
    # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
    access_type='offline',
    # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
    include_granted_scopes='true')

该请求指定了以下信息：

flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
    'client_secret.json',
    scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'])

flow.redirect_uri = 'https://oauth2.example.com/code'

flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
    'client_secret.json',
    scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'])

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    access_type='offline',
    include_granted_scopes='true')

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    access_type='offline',
    state=sample_passthrough_value,
    include_granted_scopes='true')

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    access_type='offline',
    include_granted_scopes='true')

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    access_type='offline',
    login_hint='None',
    include_granted_scopes='true')

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
      access_type='offline',
      prompt='consent',
      include_granted_scopes='true')

红宝石

使用您创建的 client_secrets.json 文件在应用程序中配置客户端对象。配置客户端对象时，您需要指定应用程序需要访问的范围，以及应用程序身份验证端点的 URL，该端点将处理来自 OAuth 2.0 服务器的响应。

例如，此代码请求对用户的 Google Drive 进行只读、离线访问：

require 'google/apis/drive_v2'
require 'google/api_client/client_secrets'

client_secrets = Google::APIClient::ClientSecrets.load
auth_client = client_secrets.to_authorization
auth_client.update!(
  :scope => 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly',
  :redirect_uri => 'http://www.example.com/oauth2callback',
  :additional_parameters => {
    "access_type" => "offline",         # offline access
    "include_granted_scopes" => "true"  # incremental auth
  }
)

您的应用程序使用客户端对象来执行 OAuth 2.0 操作，例如生成授权请求 URL 并将访问令牌应用于 HTTP 请求。

HTTP/REST

谷歌的OAuth 2.0终点是https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth 。此端点只能通过 HTTPS 访问。拒绝普通的 HTTP 连接。

Google 授权服务器支持 Web 服务器应用程序的以下查询字符串参数：

PHP

1. 生成谷歌的OAuth 2.0服务器的URL请求访问：

   $auth_url = $client->createAuthUrl();

2. 将用户重定向到$auth_url ：

   header('Location: ' . filter_var($auth_url, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));

Python

此示例显示如何使用 Flask Web 应用程序框架将用户重定向到授权 URL：

return flask.redirect(authorization_url)

红宝石

1. 生成谷歌的OAuth 2.0服务器的URL请求访问：

   auth_uri = auth_client.authorization_uri.to_s

2. 将用户重定向到auth_uri 。

HTTP/REST

重定向到 Google 授权服务器的示例

下面显示了一个示例 URL，为了便于阅读，带有换行符和空格。

https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?
 scope=https%3A//www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly&
 access_type=offline&
 include_granted_scopes=true&
 response_type=code&
 state=state_parameter_passthrough_value&
 redirect_uri=https%3A//oauth2.example.com/code&
 client_id=client_id

创建请求 URL 后，将用户重定向到它。

PHP

To exchange an authorization code for an access token, use the authenticate method:

$client->authenticate($_GET['code']);

You can retrieve the access token with the getAccessToken method:

$access_token = $client->getAccessToken();

Python

On your callback page, use the google-auth library to verify the authorization server response. Then, use the flow.fetch_token method to exchange the authorization code in that response for an access token:

state = flask.session['state']
flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
    'client_secret.json',
    scopes=['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'],
    state=state)
flow.redirect_uri = flask.url_for('oauth2callback', _external=True)

authorization_response = flask.request.url
flow.fetch_token(authorization_response=authorization_response)

# Store the credentials in the session.
# ACTION ITEM for developers:
#     Store user's access and refresh tokens in your data store if
#     incorporating this code into your real app.
credentials = flow.credentials
flask.session['credentials'] = {
    'token': credentials.token,
    'refresh_token': credentials.refresh_token,
    'token_uri': credentials.token_uri,
    'client_id': credentials.client_id,
    'client_secret': credentials.client_secret,
    'scopes': credentials.scopes}

Ruby

To exchange an authorization code for an access token, use the fetch_access_token! method:

auth_client.code = auth_code
auth_client.fetch_access_token!

HTTP/REST

To exchange an authorization code for an access token, call the https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token endpoint and set the following parameters:

The following snippet shows a sample request:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.googleapis.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

code=4/P7q7W91a-oMsCeLvIaQm6bTrgtp7&
client_id=your_client_id&
client_secret=your_client_secret&
redirect_uri=https%3A//oauth2.example.com/code&
grant_type=authorization_code

Google responds to this request by returning a JSON object that contains a short-lived access token and a refresh token. Note that the refresh token is only returned if your application set the access_type parameter to offline in the initial request to Google's authorization server .

The response contains the following fields:

The following snippet shows a sample response:

{
  "access_token": "1/fFAGRNJru1FTz70BzhT3Zg",
  "expires_in": 3920,
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly",
  "refresh_token": "1//xEoDL4iW3cxlI7yDbSRFYNG01kVKM2C-259HOF2aQbI"
}

PHP

Use the access token to call Google APIs by completing the following steps:

1. If you need to apply an access token to a new Google_Client object—for example, if you stored the access token in a user session—use the setAccessToken method:

   $client->setAccessToken($access_token);

2. Build a service object for the API that you want to call. You build a service object by providing an authorized Google_Client object to the constructor for the API you want to call. For example, to call the Drive API:

   $drive = new Google_Service_Drive($client);

3. Make requests to the API service using the interface provided by the service object . For example, to list the files in the authenticated user's Google Drive:

   $files = $drive->files->listFiles(array())->getItems();

Python

After obtaining an access token, your application can use that token to authorize API requests on behalf of a given user account or service account. Use the user-specific authorization credentials to build a service object for the API that you want to call, and then use that object to make authorized API requests.

1. Build a service object for the API that you want to call. You build a service object by calling the googleapiclient.discovery library's build method with the name and version of the API and the user credentials: For example, to call version 2 of the Drive API:

   from googleapiclient.discovery import build
   
   drive = build('drive', 'v2', credentials=credentials)

2. Make requests to the API service using the interface provided by the service object . For example, to list the files in the authenticated user's Google Drive:

   files = drive.files().list().execute()

Ruby

Use the auth_client object to call Google APIs by completing the following steps:

1. Build a service object for the API that you want to call. For example, to call version 2 of the Drive API:

   drive = Google::Apis::DriveV2::DriveService.new

2. Set the credentials on the service:

   drive.authorization = auth_client

3. Make requests to the API service using the interface provided by the service object . For example, to list the files in the authenticated user's Google Drive:

   files = drive.list_files

Alternately, authorization can be provided on a per-method basis by supplying the options parameter to a method:

files = drive.list_files(options: { authorization: auth_client })

HTTP/REST

After your application obtains an access token, you can use the token to make calls to a Google API on behalf of a given user account if the scope(s) of access required by the API have been granted. To do this, include the access token in a request to the API by including either an access_token query parameter or an Authorization HTTP header Bearer value. When possible, the HTTP header is preferable, because query strings tend to be visible in server logs. In most cases you can use a client library to set up your calls to Google APIs (for example, when calling the Drive Files API ).

You can try out all the Google APIs and view their scopes at the OAuth 2.0 Playground .

HTTP GET examples

A call to the drive.files endpoint (the Drive Files API) using the Authorization: Bearer HTTP header might look like the following. Note that you need to specify your own access token:

GET /drive/v2/files HTTP/1.1
Host: www.googleapis.com
Authorization: Bearer access_token

Here is a call to the same API for the authenticated user using the access_token query string parameter:

GET https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files?access_token=access_token

curl examples

You can test these commands with the curl command-line application. Here's an example that uses the HTTP header option (preferred):

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer access_token" https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files

Or, alternatively, the query string parameter option:

curl https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files?access_token=access_token

PHP

To run this example:

1. In the API Console, add the URL of the local machine to the list of redirect URLs. For example, add http://localhost:8080 .
2. Create a new directory and change to it. For example:

   mkdir ~/php-oauth2-example
   cd ~/php-oauth2-example

3. Install the Google API Client Library for PHP using Composer :

   composer require google/apiclient:^2.0

4. Create the files index.php and oauth2callback.php with the content below.
5. Run the example with a web server configured to serve PHP. If you use PHP 5.4 or newer, you can use PHP's built-in test web server:

   php -S localhost:8080 ~/php-oauth2-example

index.php

<?php
require_once __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

session_start();

$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setAuthConfig('client_secrets.json');
$client->addScope(Google_Service_Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY);

if (isset($_SESSION['access_token']) && $_SESSION['access_token']) {
  $client->setAccessToken($_SESSION['access_token']);
  $drive = new Google_Service_Drive($client);
  $files = $drive->files->listFiles(array())->getItems();
  echo json_encode($files);
} else {
  $redirect_uri = 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/oauth2callback.php';
  header('Location: ' . filter_var($redirect_uri, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
}

oauth2callback.php

<?php
require_once __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';

session_start();

$client = new Google_Client();
$client->setAuthConfigFile('client_secrets.json');
$client->setRedirectUri('http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/oauth2callback.php');
$client->addScope(Google_Service_Drive::DRIVE_METADATA_READONLY);

if (! isset($_GET['code'])) {
  $auth_url = $client->createAuthUrl();
  header('Location: ' . filter_var($auth_url, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
} else {
  $client->authenticate($_GET['code']);
  $_SESSION['access_token'] = $client->getAccessToken();
  $redirect_uri = 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/';
  header('Location: ' . filter_var($redirect_uri, FILTER_SANITIZE_URL));
}

Python

This example uses the Flask framework. It runs a web application at http://localhost:8080 that lets you test the OAuth 2.0 flow. If you go to that URL, you should see four links:

• Test an API request: This link points to a page that tries to execute a sample API request. If necessary, it starts the authorization flow. If successful, the page displays the API response.
• Test the auth flow directly: This link points to a page that tries to send the user through the authorization flow . The app requests permission to submit authorized API requests on the user's behalf.
• Revoke current credentials: This link points to a page that revokes permissions that the user has already granted to the application.
• Clear Flask session credentials: This link clears authorization credentials that are stored in the Flask session. This lets you see what would happen if a user who had already granted permission to your app tried to execute an API request in a new session. It also lets you see the API response your app would get if a user had revoked permissions granted to your app, and your app still tried to authorize a request with a revoked access token.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
import flask
import requests

import google.oauth2.credentials
import google_auth_oauthlib.flow
import googleapiclient.discovery

# This variable specifies the name of a file that contains the OAuth 2.0
# information for this application, including its client_id and client_secret.
CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE = "client_secret.json"

# This OAuth 2.0 access scope allows for full read/write access to the
# authenticated user's account and requires requests to use an SSL connection.
SCOPES = ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly']
API_SERVICE_NAME = 'drive'
API_VERSION = 'v2'

app = flask.Flask(__name__)
# Note: A secret key is included in the sample so that it works.
# If you use this code in your application, replace this with a truly secret
# key. See https://flask.palletsprojects.com/quickstart/#sessions.
app.secret_key = 'REPLACE ME - this value is here as a placeholder.'


@app.route('/')
def index():
  return print_index_table()


@app.route('/test')
def test_api_request():
  if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
    return flask.redirect('authorize')

  # Load credentials from the session.
  credentials = google.oauth2.credentials.Credentials(
      **flask.session['credentials'])

  drive = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
      API_SERVICE_NAME, API_VERSION, credentials=credentials)

  files = drive.files().list().execute()

  # Save credentials back to session in case access token was refreshed.
  # ACTION ITEM: In a production app, you likely want to save these
  #              credentials in a persistent database instead.
  flask.session['credentials'] = credentials_to_dict(credentials)

  return flask.jsonify(**files)


@app.route('/authorize')
def authorize():
  # Create flow instance to manage the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Grant Flow steps.
  flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
      CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE, scopes=SCOPES)

  # The URI created here must exactly match one of the authorized redirect URIs
  # for the OAuth 2.0 client, which you configured in the API Console. If this
  # value doesn't match an authorized URI, you will get a 'redirect_uri_mismatch'
  # error.
  flow.redirect_uri = flask.url_for('oauth2callback', _external=True)

  authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
      # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
      # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
      access_type='offline',
      # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
      include_granted_scopes='true')

  # Store the state so the callback can verify the auth server response.
  flask.session['state'] = state

  return flask.redirect(authorization_url)


@app.route('/oauth2callback')
def oauth2callback():
  # Specify the state when creating the flow in the callback so that it can
  # verified in the authorization server response.
  state = flask.session['state']

  flow = google_auth_oauthlib.flow.Flow.from_client_secrets_file(
      CLIENT_SECRETS_FILE, scopes=SCOPES, state=state)
  flow.redirect_uri = flask.url_for('oauth2callback', _external=True)

  # Use the authorization server's response to fetch the OAuth 2.0 tokens.
  authorization_response = flask.request.url
  flow.fetch_token(authorization_response=authorization_response)

  # Store credentials in the session.
  # ACTION ITEM: In a production app, you likely want to save these
  #              credentials in a persistent database instead.
  credentials = flow.credentials
  flask.session['credentials'] = credentials_to_dict(credentials)

  return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('test_api_request'))


@app.route('/revoke')
def revoke():
  if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
    return ('You need to <a href="/authorize">authorize</a> before ' +
            'testing the code to revoke credentials.')

  credentials = google.oauth2.credentials.Credentials(
    **flask.session['credentials'])

  revoke = requests.post('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke',
      params={'token': credentials.token},
      headers = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})

  status_code = getattr(revoke, 'status_code')
  if status_code == 200:
    return('Credentials successfully revoked.' + print_index_table())
  else:
    return('An error occurred.' + print_index_table())


@app.route('/clear')
def clear_credentials():
  if 'credentials' in flask.session:
    del flask.session['credentials']
  return ('Credentials have been cleared.<br><br>' +
          print_index_table())


def credentials_to_dict(credentials):
  return {'token': credentials.token,
          'refresh_token': credentials.refresh_token,
          'token_uri': credentials.token_uri,
          'client_id': credentials.client_id,
          'client_secret': credentials.client_secret,
          'scopes': credentials.scopes}

def print_index_table():
  return ('<table>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/test">Test an API request</a></td>' +
          '<td>Submit an API request and see a formatted JSON response. ' +
          '    Go through the authorization flow if there are no stored ' +
          '    credentials for the user.</td></tr>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/authorize">Test the auth flow directly</a></td>' +
          '<td>Go directly to the authorization flow. If there are stored ' +
          '    credentials, you still might not be prompted to reauthorize ' +
          '    the application.</td></tr>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/revoke">Revoke current credentials</a></td>' +
          '<td>Revoke the access token associated with the current user ' +
          '    session. After revoking credentials, if you go to the test ' +
          '    page, you should see an <code>invalid_grant</code> error.' +
          '</td></tr>' +
          '<tr><td><a href="/clear">Clear Flask session credentials</a></td>' +
          '<td>Clear the access token currently stored in the user session. ' +
          '    After clearing the token, if you <a href="/test">test the ' +
          '    API request</a> again, you should go back to the auth flow.' +
          '</td></tr></table>')


if __name__ == '__main__':
  # When running locally, disable OAuthlib's HTTPs verification.
  # ACTION ITEM for developers:
  #     When running in production *do not* leave this option enabled.
  os.environ['OAUTHLIB_INSECURE_TRANSPORT'] = '1'

  # Specify a hostname and port that are set as a valid redirect URI
  # for your API project in the Google API Console.
  app.run('localhost', 8080, debug=True)

Ruby

This example uses the Sinatra framework.

require 'google/apis/drive_v2'
require 'google/api_client/client_secrets'
require 'json'
require 'sinatra'

enable :sessions
set :session_secret, 'setme'

get '/' do
  unless session.has_key?(:credentials)
    redirect to('/oauth2callback')
  end
  client_opts = JSON.parse(session[:credentials])
  auth_client = Signet::OAuth2::Client.new(client_opts)
  drive = Google::Apis::DriveV2::DriveService.new
  files = drive.list_files(options: { authorization: auth_client })
  "<pre>#{JSON.pretty_generate(files.to_h)}</pre>"
end

get '/oauth2callback' do
  client_secrets = Google::APIClient::ClientSecrets.load
  auth_client = client_secrets.to_authorization
  auth_client.update!(
    :scope => 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly',
    :redirect_uri => url('/oauth2callback'))
  if request['code'] == nil
    auth_uri = auth_client.authorization_uri.to_s
    redirect to(auth_uri)
  else
    auth_client.code = request['code']
    auth_client.fetch_access_token!
    auth_client.client_secret = nil
    session[:credentials] = auth_client.to_json
    redirect to('/')
  end
end

HTTP/REST

This Python example uses the Flask framework and the Requests library to demonstrate the OAuth 2.0 web flow. We recommend using the Google API Client Library for Python for this flow. (The example in the Python tab does use the client library.)

import json

import flask
import requests


app = flask.Flask(__name__)

CLIENT_ID = '123456789.apps.googleusercontent.com'
CLIENT_SECRET = 'abc123'  # Read from a file or environmental variable in a real app
SCOPE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly'
REDIRECT_URI = 'http://example.com/oauth2callback'


@app.route('/')
def index():
  if 'credentials' not in flask.session:
    return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('oauth2callback'))
  credentials = json.loads(flask.session['credentials'])
  if credentials['expires_in'] <= 0:
    return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('oauth2callback'))
  else:
    headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer {}'.format(credentials['access_token'])}
    req_uri = 'https://www.googleapis.com/drive/v2/files'
    r = requests.get(req_uri, headers=headers)
    return r.text


@app.route('/oauth2callback')
def oauth2callback():
  if 'code' not in flask.request.args:
    auth_uri = ('https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?response_type=code'
                '&client_id={}&redirect_uri={}&scope={}').format(CLIENT_ID, REDIRECT_URI, SCOPE)
    return flask.redirect(auth_uri)
  else:
    auth_code = flask.request.args.get('code')
    data = {'code': auth_code,
            'client_id': CLIENT_ID,
            'client_secret': CLIENT_SECRET,
            'redirect_uri': REDIRECT_URI,
            'grant_type': 'authorization_code'}
    r = requests.post('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token', data=data)
    flask.session['credentials'] = r.text
    return flask.redirect(flask.url_for('index'))


if __name__ == '__main__':
  import uuid
  app.secret_key = str(uuid.uuid4())
  app.debug = False
  app.run()

PHP

$client->setIncludeGrantedScopes(true);

Python

In Python, set the include_granted_scopes keyword argument to true to ensure that an authorization request includes previously granted scopes. It is very possible that include_granted_scopes will not be the only keyword argument that you set, as shown in the example below.

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
    # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
    access_type='offline',
    # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
    include_granted_scopes='true')

Ruby

auth_client.update!(
  :additional_parameters => {"include_granted_scopes" => "true"}
)

HTTP/REST

GET https://accounts.google.com/o/oauth2/v2/auth?
  client_id=your_client_id&
  response_type=code&
  state=state_parameter_passthrough_value&
  scope=https%3A//www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.file&
  redirect_uri=https%3A//oauth2.example.com/code&
  prompt=consent&
  include_granted_scopes=true

PHP

If your application needs offline access to a Google API, set the API client's access type to offline :

$client->setAccessType("offline");

After a user grants offline access to the requested scopes, you can continue to use the API client to access Google APIs on the user's behalf when the user is offline. The client object will refresh the access token as needed.

Python

In Python, set the access_type keyword argument to offline to ensure that you will be able to refresh the access token without having to re-prompt the user for permission. It is very possible that access_type will not be the only keyword argument that you set, as shown in the example below.

authorization_url, state = flow.authorization_url(
    # Enable offline access so that you can refresh an access token without
    # re-prompting the user for permission. Recommended for web server apps.
    access_type='offline',
    # Enable incremental authorization. Recommended as a best practice.
    include_granted_scopes='true')

After a user grants offline access to the requested scopes, you can continue to use the API client to access Google APIs on the user's behalf when the user is offline. The client object will refresh the access token as needed.

Ruby

If your application needs offline access to a Google API, set the API client's access type to offline :

auth_client.update!(
  :additional_parameters => {"access_type" => "offline"}
)

After a user grants offline access to the requested scopes, you can continue to use the API client to access Google APIs on the user's behalf when the user is offline. The client object will refresh the access token as needed.

HTTP/REST

To refresh an access token, your application sends an HTTPS POST request to Google's authorization server ( https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token ) that includes the following parameters:

The following snippet shows a sample request:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.googleapis.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=your_client_id&
client_secret=your_client_secret&
refresh_token=refresh_token&
grant_type=refresh_token

As long as the user has not revoked the access granted to the application, the token server returns a JSON object that contains a new access token. The following snippet shows a sample response:

{
  "access_token": "1/fFAGRNJru1FTz70BzhT3Zg",
  "expires_in": 3920,
  "scope": "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.metadata.readonly",
  "token_type": "Bearer"
}

Note that there are limits on the number of refresh tokens that will be issued; one limit per client/user combination, and another per user across all clients. You should save refresh tokens in long-term storage and continue to use them as long as they remain valid. If your application requests too many refresh tokens, it may run into these limits, in which case older refresh tokens will stop working.

PHP

To programmatically revoke a token, call revokeToken() :

$client->revokeToken();

Python

To programmatically revoke a token, make a request to https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke that includes the token as a parameter and sets the Content-Type header:

requests.post('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke',
    params={'token': credentials.token},
    headers = {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})

Ruby

To programmatically revoke a token, make an HTTP request to the oauth2.revoke endpoint:

uri = URI('https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke')
response = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'token' => auth_client.access_token)

The token can be an access token or a refresh token. If the token is an access token and it has a corresponding refresh token, the refresh token will also be revoked.

If the revocation is successfully processed, then the status code of the response is 200 . For error conditions, a status code 400 is returned along with an error code.

HTTP/REST

To programmatically revoke a token, your application makes a request to https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke and includes the token as a parameter:

curl -d -X -POST --header "Content-type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded" \
        https://oauth2.googleapis.com/revoke?token={token}

The token can be an access token or a refresh token. If the token is an access token and it has a corresponding refresh token, the refresh token will also be revoked.

If the revocation is successfully processed, then the HTTP status code of the response is 200 . For error conditions, an HTTP status code 400 is returned along with an error code.