Work with historical data

The History API lets your app perform bulk operations on the fitness store: reading, inserting, updating, and deleting historical health and wellness data. Use the History API to do the following:

  • Read health and wellness data that was inserted or recorded using other apps.
  • Import batch data into Google Fit.
  • Update data in Google Fit.
  • Delete historical data that your app previously stored.

To insert data that contains session metadata, use the Sessions API.

Read data

The following sections cover how to read different kinds of aggregate data.

Read detailed and aggregate data

To read historical data, create a DataReadRequest instance.

Kotlin

// Read the data that's been collected throughout the past week.
val endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
val startTime = endTime.minusWeeks(1)
Log.i(TAG, "Range Start: $startTime")
Log.i(TAG, "Range End: $endTime")

val readRequest =
    DataReadRequest.Builder()
        // The data request can specify multiple data types to return,
        // effectively combining multiple data queries into one call.
        // This example demonstrates aggregating only one data type.
        .aggregate(DataType.AGGREGATE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
        // Analogous to a "Group By" in SQL, defines how data should be
        // aggregated.
        // bucketByTime allows for a time span, whereas bucketBySession allows
        // bucketing by <a href="/fit/android/using-sessions">sessions</a>.
        .bucketByTime(1, TimeUnit.DAYS)
        .setTimeRange(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build()

Java

// Read the data that's been collected throughout the past week.
ZonedDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
ZonedDateTime startTime = endTime.minusWeeks(1);
Log.i(TAG, "Range Start: $startTime");
Log.i(TAG, "Range End: $endTime");

DataReadRequest readRequest = new DataReadRequest.Builder()
        // The data request can specify multiple data types to return,
        // effectively combining multiple data queries into one call.
        // This example demonstrates aggregating only one data type.
        .aggregate(DataType.AGGREGATE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
        // Analogous to a "Group By" in SQL, defines how data should be
        // aggregated.
        // bucketByTime allows for a time span, while bucketBySession allows
        // bucketing by sessions.
        .bucketByTime(1, TimeUnit.DAYS)
        .setTimeRange(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();

The previous example uses aggregated data points, where each DataPoint represents the number of steps walked in a day. For this particular use case, aggregated data points have two advantages:

  • Your app and the fitness store exchange smaller amounts of data.
  • Your app doesn't have to aggregate the data manually.

Aggregate data for multiple activity types

Your app can use data requests to retrieve many different types of data. The following example shows how to create a DataReadRequest to get calories burned for each activity performed within the specified time range. The resulting data matches the calories per activity as reported in the Google Fit app, where each activity gets its own bucket of calorie data.

Kotlin

val readRequest = DataReadRequest.Builder()
    .aggregate(DataType.AGGREGATE_CALORIES_EXPENDED)
    .bucketByActivityType(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .setTimeRange(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .build()

Java

DataReadRequest readRequest = new DataReadRequest.Builder()
        .aggregate(DataType.AGGREGATE_CALORIES_EXPENDED)
        .bucketByActivityType(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .setTimeRange(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();

After you create a DataReadRequest instance, use the HistoryClient.readData() method to asynchronously read historical data.

The following example demonstrates how to obtain the DataPoint instances from a DataSet:

Kotlin

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
    .readData(readRequest)
    .addOnSuccessListener { response ->
        // The aggregate query puts datasets into buckets, so flatten into a
        // single list of datasets
        for (dataSet in response.buckets.flatMap { it.dataSets }) {
            dumpDataSet(dataSet)
        }
    }
    .addOnFailureListener { e ->
        Log.w(TAG,"There was an error reading data from Google Fit", e)
    }

fun dumpDataSet(dataSet: DataSet) {
    Log.i(TAG, "Data returned for Data type: ${dataSet.dataType.name}")
    for (dp in dataSet.dataPoints) {
        Log.i(TAG,"Data point:")
        Log.i(TAG,"\tType: ${dp.dataType.name}")
        Log.i(TAG,"\tStart: ${dp.getStartTimeString()}")
        Log.i(TAG,"\tEnd: ${dp.getEndTimeString()}")
        for (field in dp.dataType.fields) {
            Log.i(TAG,"\tField: ${field.name.toString()} Value: ${dp.getValue(field)}")
        }
    }
}

fun DataPoint.getStartTimeString() = Instant.ofEpochSecond(this.getStartTime(TimeUnit.SECONDS))
    .atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
    .toLocalDateTime().toString()

fun DataPoint.getEndTimeString() = Instant.ofEpochSecond(this.getEndTime(TimeUnit.SECONDS))
    .atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
    .toLocalDateTime().toString()

Java

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
        .readData(readRequest)
        .addOnSuccessListener (response -> {
            // The aggregate query puts datasets into buckets, so convert to a
            // single list of datasets
            for (Bucket bucket : response.getBuckets()) {
                for (DataSet dataSet : bucket.getDataSets()) {
                    dumpDataSet(dataSet);
                }
            }
        })
        .addOnFailureListener(e ->
            Log.w(TAG, "There was an error reading data from Google Fit", e));

}

private void dumpDataSet(DataSet dataSet) {
    Log.i(TAG, "Data returned for Data type: ${dataSet.dataType.name}");
    for (DataPoint dp : dataSet.getDataPoints()) {
        Log.i(TAG,"Data point:");
        Log.i(TAG,"\tType: ${dp.dataType.name}");
        Log.i(TAG,"\tStart: ${dp.getStartTimeString()}");
        Log.i(TAG,"\tEnd: ${dp.getEndTimeString()}");
        for (Field field : dp.getDataType().getFields()) {
            Log.i(TAG,"\tField: ${field.name.toString()} Value: ${dp.getValue(field)}");
        }
    }
}


private String getStartTimeString() {
    return Instant.ofEpochSecond(this.getStartTime(TimeUnit.SECONDS))
        .atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
        .toLocalDateTime().toString();
}

private String getEndTimeString() {
    return Instant.ofEpochSecond(this.getEndTime(TimeUnit.SECONDS))
            .atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
            .toLocalDateTime().toString();
}

Read daily total data

Google Fit also provides simple access to the daily total of a specified data type. Use the HistoryClient.readDailyTotal() method to retrieve the data type that you specify as of midnight of the current day in the device's current timezone. For example, pass in the TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA data type to this method to retrieve the daily total steps. You can pass in an instantaneous data type that has an aggregate daily total. For more information on the supported data types, see DataType.getAggregateType.

Google Fit doesn't require authorization to subscribe to TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA updates from the HistoryClient.readDailyTotal() method when this method is called using the default account and no scopes are specified. This can be useful if you require step data for use in areas where you're unable to show the permissions panel, for example on Wear OS watch faces.

Users prefer to see consistent step counts across the Google Fit app, other apps, and Wear OS watch faces, because this provides them with a consistent and reliable experience. To keep step counts consistent, subscribe to steps in the Google Fit platform from your app or watch face, and then update the count in onExitAmbient(). For more information on how to use this data in a watch face, see Watch face complications and the Android WatchFace sample application.

Insert data

To insert historical data, first create a DataSetinstance:

Kotlin

// Declare that the data being inserted was collected during the past hour.
val endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
val startTime = endTime.minusHours(1)

// Create a data source
val dataSource = DataSource.Builder()
    .setAppPackageName(this)
    .setDataType(DataType.TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
    .setStreamName("$TAG - step count")
    .setType(DataSource.TYPE_RAW)
    .build()

// For each data point, specify a start time, end time, and the
// data value -- in this case, 950 new steps.
val stepCountDelta = 950
val dataPoint =
    DataPoint.builder(dataSource)
        .setField(Field.FIELD_STEPS, stepCountDelta)
        .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build()

val dataSet = DataSet.builder(dataSource)
    .add(dataPoint)
    .build()

Java

// Declare that the data being inserted was collected during the past hour.
ZonedDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
ZonedDateTime startTime = endTime.minusHours(1);

// Create a data source
DataSource dataSource = new DataSource.Builder()
        .setAppPackageName(this)
        .setDataType(DataType.TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
        .setStreamName("$TAG - step count")
        .setType(DataSource.TYPE_RAW)
        .build();

// For each data point, specify a start time, end time, and the
// data value -- in this case, 950 new steps.
int stepCountDelta = 950;
DataPoint dataPoint = DataPoint.builder(dataSource)
        .setField(Field.FIELD_STEPS, stepCountDelta)
        .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();

DataSet dataSet = DataSet.builder(dataSource)
        .add(dataPoint)
        .build();

After you create a DataSet instance, use the HistoryClient.insertData method to asynchronously add this historical data.

Kotlin

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
    .insertData(dataSet)
    .addOnSuccessListener {
        Log.i(TAG, "DataSet added successfully!")
    }
    .addOnFailureListener { e ->
        Log.w(TAG, "There was an error adding the DataSet", e)
    }

Java

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
        .insertData(dataSet)
        .addOnSuccessListener (unused ->
                Log.i(TAG, "DataSet added successfully!"))
        .addOnFailureListener(e ->
                Log.w(TAG, "There was an error adding the DataSet", e));
}

Manage conflicting data points

Each DataPoint in your app's DataSet must have a startTime and an endTime that defines a unique interval within that DataSet, with no overlap between DataPoint instances.

If your app attempts to insert a new DataPoint that conflicts with an existing DataPoint instance, the new DataPoint is discarded. To insert a new DataPoint that might overlap with existing data points, use the HistoryClient.updateData method described in Update data.

A data point can't be inserted if its duration overlaps with any existing data points

Figure 1. How the insertData() method handles new data points that conflict with an existing DataPoint.

Update data

Google Fit lets your app update historical health and wellness data it previously inserted. To add historical data for a new DataSet, or to add new DataPoint instances that don't conflict with existing data points, use the HistoryApi.insertData method.

To update historical data, use the HistoryClient.updateData method. This method deletes any existing DataPoint instances that overlap with DataPoint instances added using this method.

To update historical health and wellness data, first create a DataSet instance:

Kotlin

// Declare that the historical data was collected during the past 50 minutes.
val endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
val startTime = endTime.minusMinutes(50)

// Create a data source
val dataSource  = DataSource.Builder()
    .setAppPackageName(this)
    .setDataType(DataType.TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
    .setStreamName("$TAG - step count")
    .setType(DataSource.TYPE_RAW)
    .build()

// Create a data set
// For each data point, specify a start time, end time, and the
// data value -- in this case, 1000 new steps.
val stepCountDelta = 1000

val dataPoint = DataPoint.builder(dataSource)
    .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .setField(Field.FIELD_STEPS, stepCountDelta)
    .build()

val dataSet = DataSet.builder(dataSource)
    .add(dataPoint)
    .build()

Java

// Declare that the historical data was collected during the past 50 minutes.
ZonedDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
ZonedDateTime startTime = endTime.minusMinutes(50);

// Create a data source
DataSource dataSource = new DataSource.Builder()
        .setAppPackageName(this)
        .setDataType(DataType.TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
        .setStreamName("$TAG - step count")
        .setType(DataSource.TYPE_RAW)
        .build();

// Create a data set
// For each data point, specify a start time, end time, and the
// data value -- in this case, 1000 new steps.
int stepCountDelta = 1000;

DataPoint dataPoint = DataPoint.builder(dataSource)
        .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .setField(Field.FIELD_STEPS, stepCountDelta)
        .build();

DataSet dataSet = DataSet.builder(dataSource)
        .add(dataPoint)
        .build();

Then, use DataUpdateRequest.Builder() to create a new data update request, and use the HistoryClient.updateData method to make the request:

Kotlin

val request = DataUpdateRequest.Builder()
    .setDataSet(dataSet)
    .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .build()

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
    .updateData(request)
    .addOnSuccessListener {
        Log.i(TAG, "DataSet updated successfully!")
    }
    .addOnFailureListener { e ->
        Log.w(TAG, "There was an error updating the DataSet", e)
    }

Java

DataUpdateRequest request = new DataUpdateRequest.Builder()
        .setDataSet(dataSet)
        .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .build();

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
        .updateData(request)
        .addOnSuccessListener(unused ->
                Log.i(TAG, "DataSet updated successfully!"))
        .addOnFailureListener(e ->
                Log.w(TAG, "There was an error updating the DataSet", e));

Delete data

Google Fit lets your app delete historical health and wellness data it previously inserted.

To delete historical data, use the HistoryClient.deleteData method:

Kotlin

// Declare that this code deletes step count information that was collected
// throughout the past day.
val endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
val startTime = endTime.minusDays(1)

// Create a delete request object, providing a data type and a time interval
val request = DataDeleteRequest.Builder()
    .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
    .addDataType(DataType.TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
    .build()

// Invoke the History API with the HistoryClient object and delete request, and
// then specify a callback that will check the result.
Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
    .deleteData(request)
    .addOnSuccessListener {
        Log.i(TAG, "Data deleted successfully!")
    }
    .addOnFailureListener { e ->
        Log.w(TAG, "There was an error with the deletion request", e)
    }

Java

// Declare that this code deletes step count information that was collected
// throughout the past day.
ZonedDateTime endTime = LocalDateTime.now().atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault());
ZonedDateTime startTime = endTime.minusDays(1);

// Create a delete request object, providing a data type and a time interval
DataDeleteRequest request = new DataDeleteRequest.Builder()
        .setTimeInterval(startTime.toEpochSecond(), endTime.toEpochSecond(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)
        .addDataType(DataType.TYPE_STEP_COUNT_DELTA)
        .build();

// Invoke the History API with the HistoryClient object and delete request, and
// then specify a callback that will check the result.
Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
        .deleteData(request)
        .addOnSuccessListener (unused ->
                Log.i(TAG, "Data deleted successfully!"))
        .addOnFailureListener(e ->
        Log.w(TAG, "There was an error with the deletion request", e));

Apps can delete data from specific sessions or delete all data. For more information, see the API reference for DataDeleteRequest.

Register for data updates

Your app can read raw sensor data in real time by registering with SensorsClient.

For other types of data that are less frequent and are manually counted, your app can register to receive updates when these measurements are inserted into the Google Fit database. Examples of these data types include height, weight, and workouts like weight lifting; for more details, see the full list of supported data types. To register for updates, use HistoryClient.registerDataUpdateListener.

The following code snippet lets an app be notified when the user enters a new value for their weight:

Kotlin

val intent = Intent(this, MyDataUpdateService::class.java)
val pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)

val request = DataUpdateListenerRegistrationRequest.Builder()
    .setDataType(DataType.TYPE_WEIGHT)
    .setPendingIntent(pendingIntent)
    .build()

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
    .registerDataUpdateListener(request)
    .addOnSuccessListener {
        Log.i(TAG, "DataUpdateListener registered")
    }

Java

Intent intent = new Intent(this, MyDataUpdateService.class);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getService(this, 0, intent, PendingIntent.FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT)

DataUpdateListenerRegistrationRequest request = new DataUpdateListenerRegistrationRequest.Builder()
        .setDataType(DataType.TYPE_WEIGHT)
        .setPendingIntent(pendingIntent)
        .build();

Fitness.getHistoryClient(this, GoogleSignIn.getAccountForExtension(this, fitnessOptions))
        .registerDataUpdateListener(request)
        .addOnSuccessListener(unused ->
                Log.i(TAG, "DataUpdateListener registered"));

An IntentService can be used to receive notifications of updates:

Kotlin

class MyDataUpdateService : IntentService("MyDataUpdateService") {
    override fun onHandleIntent(intent: Intent?) {
        val update = DataUpdateNotification.getDataUpdateNotification(intent)
        // Show the time interval over which the data points were collected.
        // To extract specific data values, in this case the user's weight,
        // use DataReadRequest.
        update?.apply {
            val start = getUpdateStartTime(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
            val end = getUpdateEndTime(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)

            Log.i(TAG, "Data Update start: $start end: $end DataType: ${dataType.name}")
        }
    }
}

Java

public class MyDataUpdateService extends IntentService {

    public MyDataUpdateService(String name) {
        super("MyDataUpdateService");
    }

    @Override
    protected void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent) {
        if (intent != null) {
            DataUpdateNotification update = DataUpdateNotification.getDataUpdateNotification(intent);

            // Show the time interval over which the data points
            // were collected.
            // To extract specific data values, in this case the user's weight,
            // use DataReadRequest.
            if (update != null) {
                long start = update.getUpdateStartTime(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
                long end = update.getUpdateEndTime(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            }

            Log.i(TAG, "Data Update start: $start end: $end DataType: ${dataType.name}");
        }
    }
}

The IntentService must be declared in your AndroidManifest.xml file.