Sumber Data adalah layanan web yang mendukung protokol Sumber Data Chart Tools. Anda dapat mengirim kueri SQL ke Sumber Data, dan sebagai respons, Anda akan menerima DataTable yang diisi dengan informasi yang sesuai. Beberapa contoh Sumber Data mencakup
Google Spreadsheet dan SalesForce.
Mengirim permintaan
Untuk mengirim permintaan:
Buat instance objek Query dengan URL Datasource Anda. URL harus menunjukkan data yang diminta, dalam sintaksis
yang dipahami oleh sumber data tersebut.
Secara opsional, tentukan opsi permintaan seperti metode pengiriman sebagai parameter kedua opsional dalam konstruktor objek Query (lihat parameter opt_options konstruktor Kueri untuk mengetahui detailnya):
Jika ingin, tambahkan string bahasa kueri untuk mengurutkan atau memfilter hasil, lalu mengirim permintaan. Sumber data tidak diperlukan untuk mendukung bahasa kueri Sumber Data Chart Tools. Jika Sumber Data tidak mendukung bahasa
kueri, string kueri SQL akan diabaikan, tetapi tetap menampilkan DataTable. Bahasa kueri adalah varian bahasa SQL; baca sintaksis bahasa kueri selengkapnya di sini.
Kirim kueri, dengan menentukan handler callback yang akan dipanggil saat respons diterima:
lihat bagian berikutnya untuk mengetahui detailnya.
Berikut ini contoh pengiriman permintaan data dalam rentang sel Google Spreadsheet; untuk mempelajari cara mendapatkan URL untuk Google Spreadsheet, lihat di sini:
function initialize() {
var opts = {sendMethod: 'auto'};
// Replace the data source URL on next line with your data source URL.
var query = new google.visualization.Query('http://spreadsheets.google.com?key=123AB&...', opts);
// Optional request to return only column C and the sum of column B, grouped by C members.
query.setQuery('select C, sum(B) group by C');
// Send the query with a callback function.
query.send(handleQueryResponse);
}
function handleQueryResponse(response) {
// Called when the query response is returned.
...
}
Jika Anda mengirim kueri dari dalam Apps Script, pastikan Anda menggunakan mode IFRAME.
Memproses respons
Fungsi pengendali respons Anda akan dipanggil saat permintaan ditampilkan. Parameter yang diteruskan ke fungsi pengendali respons Anda berjenis google.visualization.QueryResponse.
Jika permintaan berhasil, respons akan berisi tabel data (class google.visualization.DataTable). Jika permintaan gagal, respons akan berisi informasi tentang error, dan tidak ada DataTable.
Pengendali respons Anda harus melakukan hal berikut:
Periksa apakah permintaan berhasil atau gagal dengan memanggil response.isError().
Anda tidak perlu menampilkan pesan error kepada pengguna; library Visualisasi akan
menampilkan pesan error di penampung <div>. Namun, jika ingin menangani error secara manual, Anda dapat menggunakan class goog.visualization.errors untuk menampilkan pesan kustom (lihat Contoh Wrapper Kueri untuk contoh penanganan error kustom).
Jika permintaan berhasil, respons akan menyertakan DataTable yang dapat Anda ambil dengan memanggil getDataTable(). Teruskan ke diagram Anda.
Kode berikut menunjukkan penanganan permintaan sebelumnya untuk menggambar diagram lingkaran:
function handleQueryResponse(response) {
if (response.isError()) {
alert('Error in query: ' + response.getMessage() + ' ' + response.getDetailedMessage());
return;
}
var data = response.getDataTable();
var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));
chart.draw(data, {width: 400, height: 240, is3D: true});
}
Membaca file CSV
Jika Anda ingin membuat diagram dari data CSV ({i>comma-separated values<i}),
Anda memiliki dua pilihan. Konversikan data CSV secara manual ke dalam format tabel data Google Chart, atau tempatkan file CSV di server web yang menayangkan diagram, lalu buat kueri menggunakan teknik di halaman ini.
Informasi selengkapnya
Sintaksis Bahasa Kueri - Menjelaskan sintaksis bahasa yang digunakan untuk membuat kueri
data.
Query Class - Halaman referensi untuk class yang menggabungkan kueri.
QueryResponse Class - Halaman referensi untuk class yang menggabungkan respons terhadap sebuah kueri.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Informasi yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationINeed","thumb-down"],["Terlalu rumit/langkahnya terlalu banyak","tooComplicatedTooManySteps","thumb-down"],["Sudah usang","outOfDate","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Masalah kode / contoh","samplesCodeIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2024-07-10 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page explains how to send a SQL query to a Datasource, a web service supporting the Chart Tools Datasource protocol, to receive a DataTable with the requested data.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can use a Query object to send a request with optional parameters for sending method and a query language string for filtering data, receiving a response handled by a callback function.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe response handler checks for errors and, if successful, retrieves the DataTable from the QueryResponse for use in visualizations like charts.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCSV data can be either manually converted to Google Charts datatable format or placed on a web server and queried using the techniques described on the page.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eMore detailed information on query language syntax, the Query class, and the QueryResponse class can be found via provided links.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Data Queries\n\nThis page describes how to send a query to a data source that supports the Chart Tools Datasource\nprotocol.\n\nContents\n--------\n\n1. [Overview](#overview)\n2. [Sending a request](#Sending_a_Query)\n3. [Processing the response](#Processing_the_Query_Response)\n4. [Reading CSV files](#csv)\n5. [More information](#moreinfo)\n\nOverview\n--------\n\n\nA Datasource is a web service that supports the Chart Tools Datasource protocol. You can send a\nSQL query to a Datasource, and in response you will receive a DataTable populated with the\nappropriate information. Some examples of Datasources include\n[Google Spreadsheets](/chart/interactive/docs/spreadsheets) and SalesForce.\n\nSending a request\n-----------------\n\n**To send a request:**\n\n1. Instantiate a [Query](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#Query) object with the URL of your Datasource. The URL should indicate what data is being requested, in a syntax understood by that data source.\n2. Optionally specify request options such as sending method as an optional second parameter in the `Query` object constructor (see the Query constructor's [`opt_options`](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#Query) parameter for details):\n3. Optionally add a [query language string](/chart/interactive/docs/querylanguage) to sort or filter the results, and then send the request. Datasources are not required to support the Chart Tools Datasource query language. If the Datasource does not support the query language, it will ignore the SQL query string, but still return a `DataTable`. The query language is a SQL language variant; read the full [query language syntax here](/chart/interactive/docs/querylanguage).\n4. Send the query, specifying a callback handler that will be called when the response is received: see next section for details.\n\n\nHere's an example of sending a request for data in a Google Spreadsheet cell range; to learn how\nto get the URL for a Google Spreadsheet, see\n[here](/chart/interactive/docs/spreadsheets#Google_Spreadsheets_as_a_Data_Source): \n\n```gdscript\nfunction initialize() {\n var opts = {sendMethod: 'auto'};\n // Replace the data source URL on next line with your data source URL.\n var query = new google.visualization.Query('http://spreadsheets.google.com?key=123AB&...', opts);\n\n // Optional request to return only column C and the sum of column B, grouped by C members.\n query.setQuery('select C, sum(B) group by C');\n\n // Send the query with a callback function.\n query.send(handleQueryResponse);\n}\n\nfunction handleQueryResponse(response) {\n // Called when the query response is returned.\n ...\n}\n```\n\nIf you are sending your query from within Apps Script, be sure to use [`IFRAME` mode](/apps-script/reference/html/sandbox-mode).\n\nProcessing the response\n-----------------------\n\n\nYour response handler function will be called when the request returns. The parameter passed in\nto your response handler function is of type\n[google.visualization.QueryResponse](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#QueryResponse).\nIf the request was successful, the response contains a data table\n(class `google.visualization.DataTable`). If the request failed, the response contains\ninformation about the error, and no `DataTable`.\n\n**Your response handler should do the following:**\n\n1. Check whether the request succeeded or failed by calling `response.isError()`. You shouldn't need to display any error messages to the user; the Visualization library will display an error message for you in your container `\u003cdiv\u003e`. However, if you do want to handle errors manually, you can use the [`goog.visualization.errors`](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#errordisplay) class to display custom messages (see the [Query Wrapper Example](/chart/interactive/docs/examples#querywrapper) for an example of custom error handling).\n2. If the request succeeded, the response will include a `DataTable` that you can retrieve by calling `getDataTable()`. Pass it to your chart.\n\nThe following code demonstrates handling the previous request to draw a pie chart: \n\n```gdscript\nfunction handleQueryResponse(response) {\n\n if (response.isError()) {\n alert('Error in query: ' + response.getMessage() + ' ' + response.getDetailedMessage());\n return;\n }\n\n var data = response.getDataTable();\n var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart_div'));\n chart.draw(data, {width: 400, height: 240, is3D: true});\n}\n```\n\nReading CSV files\n-----------------\n\nIf you want to build a chart out of CSV (comma-separated values)\ndata, you have two choices. Either manually convert the CSV data into\nthe [Google\nCharts datatable format](/chart/interactive/docs/datatables_dataviews#creatingpopulating), or place the CSV file on the web server\nserving the chart, and query it using the technique on this page.\n\nMore information\n----------------\n\n- [Query Language Syntax](/chart/interactive/docs/querylanguage) - Describes the syntax of the language used to make data queries.\n- [Query Class](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#Query) - Reference page for the class that wraps a query.\n- [QueryResponse Class](/chart/interactive/docs/reference#QueryResponse) - Reference page for the class that wraps the response to a query."]]
