重疊廣告

  1. Overview
  2. 簡易範例
  3. 將疊加層與資料相對定位

總覽

重疊是放在 Google 圖表上方的區域，這通常是用來指出特定統計資料，但也可以視需要設為任何值，因為這只是 HTML 和 CSS。

簡單用途涉及建立 CSS 類別，並在 HTML 中參照該類別，完全不需要 JavaScript。更進階的用途也可能會使用 Google 圖表自訂疊加層的位置和內容。

簡易範例

第一個範例會完全避免 JavaScript，只會將部分文字重疊在折線圖上：

這裡的內部樣式表定義了呼叫 chartWithOverlay 和 overlay 的兩個類別。請注意，我們在 chartWithOverlay 中使用相對定位和 overlay 中的絕對位置。

接著，在網頁內文中使用 chartWithOverlay 做為容器，其中放置圖表 (line-chart) 和 overlay。

CSS
.chartWithOverlay {
    position: relative;
    width: 700px;
}
.overlay {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 60px;  /* chartArea top  */
    left: 180px; /* chartArea left */
}
Divs
<div class="chartWithOverlay">

 <div id="line-chart" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div>

 <div class="overlay">
   <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div>
   <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div>
   <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div>
 </div>

</div>
JavaScript
   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
   <script type="text/javascript">
    google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']});
    google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
    function drawChart() {
      var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
        ['Threat', 'Attacks'],
        ['Chandrian', 38],
        ['Ghosts', 12],
        ['Ghouls', 6],
        ['UFOs', 44],
        ['Vampires', 28],
        ['Zombies', 88]
      ]);

      var options = {
        legend: 'none',
        colors: ['#760946'],
        vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } }
      };

      var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart'));
      chart.draw(data, options);
    }
    </script>
完整頁面
<html>
 <head>
   <style>
    .chartWithOverlay {
           position: relative;
           width: 700px;
    }
    .overlay {
           width: 200px;
           height: 200px;
           position: absolute;
           top: 60px;   /* chartArea top  */
           left: 180px; /* chartArea left */
    }
   </style>
   <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>

   <script type="text/javascript">
    google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']});
    google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
    function drawChart() {
      var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
        ['Threat', 'Attacks'],
        ['Chandrian', 38],
        ['Ghosts', 12],
        ['Ghouls', 6],
        ['UFOs', 44],
        ['Vampires', 28],
        ['Zombies', 88]
      ]);

      var options = {
        legend: 'none',
        colors: ['#760946'],
        vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } }
      };

      var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart'));
      chart.draw(data, options);
    }
    </script>
 </head>

 <body>
  <div class="chartWithOverlay">

   <div id="line-chart" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div>

   <div class="overlay">
    <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div>
    <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div>
    <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div>
  </div>

 </div>

</body>

</html>

將重疊圖層與資料相關

有時候，重疊的最佳位置取決於資料在圖表上的位置。舉例來說，我們可能會將圖片放置在 靠近資料元素的位置

假設我們想要著重在上方圖表中的殭屍攻擊數量。做法是在線條末端加上可怕的殭屍頭。

其中一種做法是轉譯圖表，並將座標進行硬式編碼。這種做法雖然有效，但需要在每次圖表資料變更時更新。更可靠的解決方案會使我們將相對於資料元素在螢幕上最終位置的疊加層放置。因為我們無法知道在圖表完成轉譯前會到達哪個位置，因此會監聽 ready 事件 (在圖表算繪完畢後呼叫)，並使用 getXLocation 和 getYLocation 以程式輔助方式存取座標：

CSS
.chartWithMarkerOverlay {
    position: relative;
    width: 700px;
}
.overlay-text {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 50px;   /* chartArea top  */
    left: 200px; /* chartArea left */
}
.overlay-marker {
    width: 50px;
    height: 50px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 53px;   /* chartArea top */
    left: 528px; /* chartArea left */
}
Divs
<div class="chartWithMarkerOverlay">

 <div id="line-chart-marker" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div>

 <div class="overlay-text">
   <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div>
   <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div>
   <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div>
 </div>

 <div class="overlay-marker">
    <img src="https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/images/zombie_150.png" height="50">
 </div>


</div>
JavaScript
  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']});
    google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
    function drawChart() {
      var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
        ['Threat', 'Attacks'],
        ['Chandrian', 38],
        ['Ghosts', 12],
        ['Ghouls', 6],
        ['UFOs', 44],
        ['Vampires', 28],
        ['Zombies', 88]
      ]);

      var options = {
        legend: 'none',
        colors: ['#760946'],
        lineWidth: 4,
        vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } }
      };

      function placeMarker(dataTable) {
        var cli = this.getChartLayoutInterface();
        var chartArea = cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox();
        // "Zombies" is element #5.
        document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.top = Math.floor(cli.getYLocation(dataTable.getValue(5, 1))) - 50 + "px";
        document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.left = Math.floor(cli.getXLocation(5)) - 10 + "px";
      };

      var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart-marker'));
      google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'ready',
        placeMarker.bind(chart, data));
      chart.draw(data, options);
    }
  </script>
完整頁面
<html>
 <head>
  <style>
   .chartWithMarkerOverlay {
       position: relative;
       width: 700px;
   }
   .overlay-text {
       width: 200px;
       height: 200px;
       position: absolute;
       top: 50px;   /* chartArea top */
       left: 200px; /* chartArea left */
   }
   .overlay-marker {
       width: 50px;
       height: 50px;
       position: absolute;
       top: 53px;   /* chartArea top */
       left: 528px; /* chartArea left */
   }
  </style>

  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    google.charts.load("current", {packages:['corechart']});
    google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
    function drawChart() {
      var data = new google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
        ['Threat', 'Attacks'],
        ['Chandrian', 38],
        ['Ghosts', 12],
        ['Ghouls', 6],
        ['UFOs', 44],
        ['Vampires', 28],
        ['Zombies', 88]
      ]);

      var options = {
        legend: 'none',
        colors: ['#760946'],
        lineWidth: 4,
        vAxis: { gridlines: { count: 4 } }
      };

      function placeMarker(dataTable) {
        var cli = this.getChartLayoutInterface();
        var chartArea = cli.getChartAreaBoundingBox();
        // "Zombies" is element #5.
        document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.top = Math.floor(cli.getYLocation(dataTable.getValue(5, 1))) - 50 + "px";
        document.querySelector('.overlay-marker').style.left = Math.floor(cli.getXLocation(5)) - 10 + "px";
      };

      var chart = new google.visualization.LineChart(document.getElementById('line-chart-marker'));
      google.visualization.events.addListener(chart, 'ready',
        placeMarker.bind(chart, data));
      chart.draw(data, options);
    }
  </script>
 </head>
 <body>
  <div class="chartWithMarkerOverlay">

   <div id="line-chart-marker" style="width: 700px; height: 500px;"></div>

   <div class="overlay-text">
    <div style="font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 128px;">88</div>
    <div style="color: #b44; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .21em; margin-top:50px; margin-left:5px;">zombie</div>
    <div style="color: #444; font-family:'Arial Black'; font-size: 32px; letter-spacing: .15em; margin-top:15px; margin-left:5px;">attacks</div>
  </div>

  <div class="overlay-marker">
    <img src="https://developers.google.com/chart/interactive/images/zombie_150.png" height="50">
  </div>

  </div>
 </body>
</html>