dataLayers 端點可針對指定位置周圍的區域提供詳細的太陽能資訊。端點會傳回 17 個可下載的 TIFF 檔案,包括:
- 數位表面模型 (DSM)
- RGB 複合圖層 (空照圖像)
- 識別分析邊界的遮罩層
- 年度太陽能流感,或特定表面的年收益
- 每月太陽能流動量,或特定表面的每月產量
- 每小時遮蔭 (24 小時)
如要進一步瞭解 Solar API 如何定義 flux,請參閱「Solar API 概念」。
關於資料層要求
以下範例顯示向 dataLayers
方法發出的 REST 要求網址:
https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/dataLayers:get?parameters
加入要求網址參數,並指定下列各項:
- 營業地點的經緯度座標
- 位置周圍的區域半徑
- 要傳回的資料子集 (DSM、RGB、遮罩、年度流量或每月流動量)
- 結果所允許的最低品質
- 要傳回的資料最小尺度 (以像素為單位)
資料層要求範例
以下範例會要求該位置以經緯度座標 = 37.4450,且經度 = -122.1390 為 100 公尺的所有建築物深入分析資訊:
API 金鑰
如要對回應中的網址提出要求,請在網址內附加 API 金鑰:
curl -X GET "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/dataLayers:get?location.latitude=37.4450 &location.longitude=-122.1390 &radiusMeters=100 &view=FULL_LAYERS&requiredQuality=HIGH&exactQualityRequired=true&pixelSizeMeters=0.5&key=YOUR_API_KEY"
您也可以在瀏覽器的網址列貼上 cURL 要求中的網址,藉此提出 HTTP 要求。傳遞 API 金鑰可讓您享有更好的使用與分析功能,以及更精準地控管回應資料。
OAuth 憑證
注意:此格式僅適用於測試環境。詳情請參閱「使用 OAuth」。
如要對回應中的網址發出要求,請傳入帳單專案名稱和 OAuth 權杖:
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \ -H "X-Goog-User-Project: PROJECT_NUMBER_OR_ID" \ "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/dataLayers:get?location.latitude=37.4450&location.longitude=-122.1390&radius_meters=100&required_quality=HIGH&exactQualityRequired=true"
TypeScript
如要對回應中的網址提出要求,請在要求中加入 API 金鑰或 OAuth 權杖。以下範例使用 API 金鑰:
/** * Fetches the data layers information from the Solar API. * https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/solar/data-layers * * @param {LatLng} location Point of interest as latitude longitude. * @param {number} radiusMeters Radius of the data layer size in meters. * @param {string} apiKey Google Cloud API key. * @return {Promise<DataLayersResponse>} Data Layers response. */ export async function getDataLayerUrls( location: LatLng, radiusMeters: number, apiKey: string, ): Promise<DataLayersResponse> { const args = { 'location.latitude': location.latitude.toFixed(5), 'location.longitude': location.longitude.toFixed(5), radius_meters: radiusMeters.toString(), // The Solar API always returns the highest quality imagery available. // By default the API asks for HIGH quality, which means that HIGH quality isn't available, // but there is an existing MEDIUM or LOW quality, it won't return anything. // Here we ask for *at least* LOW quality, but if there's a higher quality available, // the Solar API will return us the highest quality available. required_quality: 'LOW', }; console.log('GET dataLayers\n', args); const params = new URLSearchParams({ ...args, key: apiKey }); // https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/solar/reference/rest/v1/dataLayers/get return fetch(`https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/dataLayers:get?${params}`).then( async (response) => { const content = await response.json(); if (response.status != 200) { console.error('getDataLayerUrls\n', content); throw content; } console.log('dataLayersResponse', content); return content; }, ); }
TypeScript 中的欄位和資料類型都是"type"。在此範例中,我們會定義自訂類型,以儲存回應中感興趣的欄位,例如像素值和經緯度定界框。您可以視需要加入更多欄位。
export interface GeoTiff { width: number; height: number; rasters: Array<number>[]; bounds: Bounds; }
資料類型定義
支援的資料類型如下:
export interface DataLayersResponse { imageryDate: Date; imageryProcessedDate: Date; dsmUrl: string; rgbUrl: string; maskUrl: string; annualFluxUrl: string; monthlyFluxUrl: string; hourlyShadeUrls: string[]; imageryQuality: 'HIGH' | 'MEDIUM' | 'LOW'; } export interface Bounds { north: number; south: number; east: number; west: number; } // https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/solar/reference/rest/v1/buildingInsights/findClosest export interface BuildingInsightsResponse { name: string; center: LatLng; boundingBox: LatLngBox; imageryDate: Date; imageryProcessedDate: Date; postalCode: string; administrativeArea: string; statisticalArea: string; regionCode: string; solarPotential: SolarPotential; imageryQuality: 'HIGH' | 'MEDIUM' | 'LOW'; } export interface SolarPotential { maxArrayPanelsCount: number; panelCapacityWatts: number; panelHeightMeters: number; panelWidthMeters: number; panelLifetimeYears: number; maxArrayAreaMeters2: number; maxSunshineHoursPerYear: number; carbonOffsetFactorKgPerMwh: number; wholeRoofStats: SizeAndSunshineStats; buildingStats: SizeAndSunshineStats; roofSegmentStats: RoofSegmentSizeAndSunshineStats[]; solarPanels: SolarPanel[]; solarPanelConfigs: SolarPanelConfig[]; financialAnalyses: object; } export interface SizeAndSunshineStats { areaMeters2: number; sunshineQuantiles: number[]; groundAreaMeters2: number; } export interface RoofSegmentSizeAndSunshineStats { pitchDegrees: number; azimuthDegrees: number; stats: SizeAndSunshineStats; center: LatLng; boundingBox: LatLngBox; planeHeightAtCenterMeters: number; } export interface SolarPanel { center: LatLng; orientation: 'LANDSCAPE' | 'PORTRAIT'; segmentIndex: number; yearlyEnergyDcKwh: number; } export interface SolarPanelConfig { panelsCount: number; yearlyEnergyDcKwh: number; roofSegmentSummaries: RoofSegmentSummary[]; } export interface RoofSegmentSummary { pitchDegrees: number; azimuthDegrees: number; panelsCount: number; yearlyEnergyDcKwh: number; segmentIndex: number; } export interface LatLng { latitude: number; longitude: number; } export interface LatLngBox { sw: LatLng; ne: LatLng; } export interface Date { year: number; month: number; day: number; } export interface RequestError { error: { code: number; message: string; status: string; }; }
API 會以下列格式傳回網址:
https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/solar/geoTiff:get?id=HASHED_ID
這些網址可用於存取所要求資料的 GeoTIFF 檔案。
回應範例
要求會產生 JSON 回應,格式如下:
{ "imageryDate": { "year": 2022, "month": 4, "day": 6 }, "imageryProcessedDate": { "year": 2023, "month": 8, "day": 4 }, "dsmUrl": "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=6d654a0300e454f4c6db7fff24d7ab98-f51261151c9d4c7e055dd21ce57fa3b5", "rgbUrl": "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=7c71f407a36c1cd051f5ada9c17a6cb8-4b1a9e2b489656febfb7676f205aea1d", "maskUrl": "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=814470096c53cb221b524119e1e2700c-ac51cf76452dd6c2e843e6b11922ccc0", "annualFluxUrl": "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=e044991d7f376dc23f9abe8d4efc909b-982983cd98d0572b9d62ca0a2db38eb3", "monthlyFluxUrl": "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=9b4638db10d2d58560b9f1e9fb013551-dff565175a1e6861a7afb62ece41e218", "hourlyShadeUrls": [ "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=9aa96f4568d2561ad8b6db495b8f8582-da043a2c74541668b3d668e556451e31", "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/geoTiff:get?id=125e26c35e4eb07d385a6868253fb1e3-54fa27bd2c5cd72b79e9f14cf0fa9899", ... ], "imageryQuality": "HIGH" }
存取回應資料
需要額外驗證才能透過回應網址存取資料。如果您使用驗證金鑰,就必須將 API 金鑰附加至網址。如果您要使用 OAuth 驗證,就必須新增 OAuth 標頭。
API 金鑰
如要對回應中的網址提出要求,請在網址內附加 API 金鑰:
curl -X GET "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/solar/geoTiff:get?id=fbde33e9cd16d5fd10d19a19dc580bc1-8614f599c5c264553f821cd034d5cf32&key=YOUR_API_KEY"
您也可以在瀏覽器的網址列貼上 cURL 要求中的網址,藉此提出 HTTP 要求。傳遞 API 金鑰可讓您享有更好的使用與分析功能,以及更精準地控管回應資料。
OAuth 憑證
如要對回應中的網址發出要求,請傳入帳單專案名稱和 OAuth 權杖:
curl -X GET \ -H 'X-Goog-User-Project: PROJECT_NUMBER_OR_ID' \ -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \ "https://solar.googleapis.com/v1/solar/geoTiff:get?id=fbde33e9cd16d5fd10d19a19dc580bc1-8614f599c5c264553f821cd034d5cf32"
TypeScript
以下範例說明如何取得像素資料值 (數位圖片個別像素中儲存的資訊,包括色彩值和其他屬性)、計算 GeoTIFF 的經緯度,並儲存在 TypeScript 物件中。
針對這個範例,我們選擇允許類型檢查,以便降低類型錯誤、增加程式碼可靠性,以及更輕鬆地維護。
// npm install geotiff geotiff-geokeys-to-proj4 proj4 import * as geotiff from 'geotiff'; import * as geokeysToProj4 from 'geotiff-geokeys-to-proj4'; import proj4 from 'proj4'; /** * Downloads the pixel values for a Data Layer URL from the Solar API. * * @param {string} url URL from the Data Layers response. * @param {string} apiKey Google Cloud API key. * @return {Promise<GeoTiff>} Pixel values with shape and lat/lon bounds. */ export async function downloadGeoTIFF(url: string, apiKey: string): Promise<GeoTiff> { console.log(`Downloading data layer: ${url}`); // Include your Google Cloud API key in the Data Layers URL. const solarUrl = url.includes('solar.googleapis.com') ? url + `&key=${apiKey}` : url; const response = await fetch(solarUrl); if (response.status != 200) { const error = await response.json(); console.error(`downloadGeoTIFF failed: ${url}\n`, error); throw error; } // Get the GeoTIFF rasters, which are the pixel values for each band. const arrayBuffer = await response.arrayBuffer(); const tiff = await geotiff.fromArrayBuffer(arrayBuffer); const image = await tiff.getImage(); const rasters = await image.readRasters(); // Reproject the bounding box into lat/lon coordinates. const geoKeys = image.getGeoKeys(); const projObj = geokeysToProj4.toProj4(geoKeys); const projection = proj4(projObj.proj4, 'WGS84'); const box = image.getBoundingBox(); const sw = projection.forward({ x: box[0] * projObj.coordinatesConversionParameters.x, y: box[1] * projObj.coordinatesConversionParameters.y, }); const ne = projection.forward({ x: box[2] * projObj.coordinatesConversionParameters.x, y: box[3] * projObj.coordinatesConversionParameters.y, }); return { // Width and height of the data layer image in pixels. // Used to know the row and column since Javascript // stores the values as flat arrays. width: rasters.width, height: rasters.height, // Each raster reprents the pixel values of each band. // We convert them from `geotiff.TypedArray`s into plain // Javascript arrays to make them easier to process. rasters: [...Array(rasters.length).keys()].map((i) => Array.from(rasters[i] as geotiff.TypedArray), ), // The bounding box as a lat/lon rectangle. bounds: { north: ne.y, south: sw.y, east: ne.x, west: sw.x, }, }; }
除了 RGB 層以外,所有 TIFF 檔案會在圖片檢視器應用程式中顯示為空白圖片。如要查看下載的 TIFF 檔案,請將這些檔案匯入對應應用程式軟體,例如 QGIS。
如需這項要求和回應的完整規格,請參閱參考說明文件。