SDK の移行

v9 から v10 への移行

iOS 11 での広告配信が停止されます

Google Mobile Ads SDK バージョン 10.0.0 では、iOS 12 以降を搭載したデバイスにのみ広告が配信されます。

Google Mobile Ads SDK バージョン 10.0.0 へのアップグレードによって、iOS 11 と iOS 10 のデバイスでアプリが動作しなくなることはありませんが、広告は配信されなくなります。

ビットコードによるビルドのサポートが終了しました

Google Mobile Ads SDK を統合するには、モバイルアプリでビットコードを無効にする必要があります。

削除された型

削除されたプロパティ

次のプロパティは削除され、代替はありません。

v8 から v9 への移行

iOS 10 での広告配信が停止されます

Google Mobile Ads SDK バージョン 9.0.0 がサポートする iOS バージョンは、iOS 11 以降です。

Google Mobile Ads SDK バージョン 9.0.0 にアップグレードしても、iOS 10 デバイスでアプリが動作しなくなることはありませんが、広告は配信されなくなります。

ステータスバー コントロールの適用強化

バージョン 9.0.0 以降では、全画面フォーマットの広告を表示する場合、その広告でステータスバーの表示を制御できるようにする必要があります。それができていない場合は、ログにエラー メッセージが表示されます。

アプリ内のビュー コントローラのレイアウトによっては、このレイアウトを実現するために変更する必要はありません。広告の rootViewController に childViewControllerForStatusBarHidden プロパティを設定する必要があるかどうかをご検討ください。

ad DidPresentFullScreenContent: の名前を adWillPresentFullScreenContent に変更します。

動作の変更はありません。デリゲート メソッドは、広告が表示される直前に呼び出されるため、新しいメソッド名がその機能をより適切に反映したものになります。

GADRequest の Location Settings API を削除

Google は位置情報を広告のターゲティングに使用しないため、- (void)setLocationWithLatitude:longitude:accuracy: は GADRequest から削除されました。必要に応じて、第三者 API を使用して第三者広告ネットワークに情報を提供します。

カスタム イベント インターフェースのサポート終了

カスタム イベントを使用すると、 AdMob メディエーションを使用するパブリッシャーは、サポートされている広告ネットワーク以外の広告ネットワーク向けに、ウォーターフォール メディエーションを追加できます。

カスタム イベント プロトコルはすべて非推奨になりました。代わりに、既存の GADMediationAdapter プロトコルと GADMediationAdEventDelegate プロトコルを使用して、同じ機能を実現できます。この変更により明確さが増し、以前は利用できなかったリワード広告とインタースクローラー広告用のカスタム イベントを作成できるようになりました。

API

以下の表は、バージョン 9.0.0 以降の使用が推奨される、カスタム イベント API に対応するメディエーション アダプタ API の一覧です。

メソッドを委任する

以下の表は、バージョン 9.0.0 以降で使用される、カスタム イベント デリゲート メソッドに対応するメディエーション広告イベント デリゲート メソッドの一覧です。

削除または置換されたその他のメソッドと定数

v7 から v8 への移行

Google Mobile Ads SDK version 8.0.0 introduces a few major changes as well as some renames and removals of APIs.

Full-screen format API updates

Starting with version 8.0.0, interstitial and rewarded ads share a generic full screen ad style for more consistency. These new full-screen ad APIs have two major distinctions from the version 7 full-screen ad APIs:

1. Static class method load.

   The previous approach to load/show a full-screen ad is as follows:

   1. Create an ad object instance and hold a reference to it.
   2. Assign a delegate that handles load and show callbacks.
   3. Load an ad.
   4. Check if ad is loaded using isReady.
   5. Show the ad.

   In version 8, the approach changes slightly. Load callbacks are no longer part of a delegate. Instead, they're passed into the load method as a completion handler:

   1. Call a static load method on the ad class and provide a load completion handler.
   2. In the load completion callback, keep a reference to the loaded ad that's returned.
   3. Assign a delegate that handles show callbacks.
   4. Show the ad.

   The new approach provides these benefits:

   • You won't ever have a reference to an ad that is not loaded.
   • You don't have to hold onto an ad object while it's loading.

2. Consistent ad events.

   Event type	Existing API	v8 API
   Load events	GADInterstitialDelegate or GADRewardedAdDelegate	GADInterstitialAdLoadCompletionHandler or GADRewardedAdLoadCompletionHandler
   Presentation events		GADFullScreenContentDelegate

   Previously, to listen for any ad events, you would register a class that implements the GADInterstitialDelegate protocol to an interstitial's delegate property, or register a class that implements the GADRewardedAdDelegate protocol to a rewarded ad's delegate property depending on which format you're using. This same delegate had methods related to both the loading and presentation life cycle of an ad.

   With version 8, load and presentation events are separate. You can now register a GADFullScreenContentDelegate any time prior to showing an ad instead of being required to set a single delegate prior to loading the ad. Ad load events, which are specific to each format, move to a single load completion handler passed in the load method.

Interstitial

Load ad

The code snippets below show you how to load an interstitial ad and listen for events when the ad succeeds or fails to load.

import GoogleMobileAds
import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, GADInterstitialDelegate {

  var interstitial: GADInterstitial!

  override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    interstitial = GADInterstitial(adUnitID: "ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/4411468910")
    interstitial.delegate = self
    let request = GADRequest()
    interstitial.load(request)
  }

  /// Tells the delegate an ad request succeeded.
  func interstitialDidReceiveAd(_ ad: GADInterstitial) {
    print("Interstitial ad loaded.")
  }

  /// Tells the delegate an ad request failed.
  func interstitial(_ ad: GADInterstitial, didFailToReceiveAdWithError error: GADRequestError) {
    print("Interstitial ad failed to load with error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
  }
}

@import GoogleMobileAds;
@import UIKit;

@interface ViewController () 

@property(nonatomic, strong) GADInterstitial *interstitial;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  self.interstitial = [[GADInterstitial alloc]
      initWithAdUnitID:@"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/4411468910"];
  self.interstitial.delegate = self;
  GADRequest *request = [GADRequest request];
  [self.interstitial loadRequest:request];
}

/// Tells the delegate an ad request succeeded.
- (void)interstitialDidReceiveAd:(GADInterstitial *)ad {
  NSLog(@"Insterstitial ad loaded.");
}

/// Tells the delegate an ad request failed.
- (void)interstitial:(GADInterstitial *)ad
    didFailToReceiveAdWithError:(GADRequestError *)error {
  NSLog(@"Interstitial ad failed to load with error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
}

import GoogleMobileAds
import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, GADFullScreenContentDelegate {

  var interstitial: GADInterstitialAd?

  override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    let request = GADRequest()
    GADInterstitialAd.load(withAdUnitID:"ca-app-pub-8123415297019784/4985798738",
                                request: request,
                      completionHandler: { (ad, error) in
                        if let error = error {
                          print("Failed to load interstitial ad with error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
                          return
                        }
                        self.interstitial = ad
                        self.interstitial.fullScreenContentDelegate = self
                      }
    )
  }
}

@import GoogleMobileAds;
@import UIKit;

@interface ViewController () 

@property(nonatomic, strong) GADInterstitialAd *interstitial;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  GADRequest *request = [GADRequest request];
  [GADInterstitialAd loadWithAdUnitID:@"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/4411468910"
                              request:request
                    completionHandler:^(GADInterstitialAd *ad, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
      NSLog(@"Failed to load interstitial ad with error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
      return;
    }
    self.interstitial = ad;
    self.interstitial.fullScreenContentDelegate = self;
  }];
}

Display ad

func showInterstitial() {
  ...
  if interstitial.isReady {
    interstitial.present(fromRootViewController: self)
  } else {
    print("Ad wasn't ready")
  }
}

- (void)showInterstitial: {
  ...
  if (self.interstitial.isReady) {
    [self.interstitial presentFromRootViewController:self];
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Ad wasn't ready");
  }
}

func showInterstitial() {
  ...
  if let ad = interstitial {
    ad.present(fromRootViewController: self)
  } else {
    print("Ad wasn't ready")
  }
}

- (void)showInterstitial: {
  ...
  if (self.interstitial) {
    [self.interstitial presentFromRootViewController:self];
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Ad wasn't ready");
  }
}

Presentation ad events

The code snippets below show you how to handle callbacks for when the ad presents (successfully or unsuccessfully) and when it is dismissed.

override func viewDidLoad() {
  super.viewDidLoad()
  interstitial = GADInterstitial(adUnitID: "ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/4411468910")
  interstitial.delegate = self
  ...
}

/// Tells the delegate that an interstitial will be presented.
func interstitialWillPresentScreen(_ ad: GADInterstitial) {
  print("Interstitial ad will be presented.")
}

/// Tells the delegate the interstitial is to be animated off the screen.
func interstitialWillDismissScreen(_ ad: GADInterstitial) {
  print("Interstitial ad will be dismissed.")
}

/// Tells the delegate the interstitial had been animated off the screen.
func interstitialDidDismissScreen(_ ad: GADInterstitial) {
  print("Interstitial ad dismissed.")
}

/// Tells the delegate that a user click will open another app
/// (such as the App Store), backgrounding the current app.
///
/// This is not a reliable callback for an ad click event and is removed in
/// version 8. If you wish to listen to an ad causing a user to leave the app,
/// use applicationWillResignActive: or sceneWillResignActive: instead.
func interstitialWillLeaveApplication(_ ad: GADInterstitial) {
  print("Interstitial ad will leave application.")
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  self.interstitial = [[GADInterstitial alloc] initWithAdUnitID:"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/4411468910"];
  self.interstitial.delegate = self;
  ...
}

/// Tells the delegate that an interstitial will be presented.
- (void)interstitialWillPresentScreen:(GADInterstitial *)ad {
  NSLog(@"Interstitial ad will be presented.");
}

/// Tells the delegate the interstitial is to be animated off the screen.
- (void)interstitialWillDismissScreen:(GADInterstitial *)ad {
  NSLog(@"Interstitial ad will be dismissed.");
}

/// Tells the delegate the interstitial had been animated off the screen.
- (void)interstitialDidDismissScreen:(GADInterstitial *)ad {
  NSLog(@"Interstitial ad dismissed.");
}

/// Tells the delegate that a user click will open another app
/// (such as the App Store), backgrounding the current app.
///
/// This is not a reliable callback for an ad click event and is removed in
/// version 8. If you wish to listen to an ad causing a user to leave the app,
/// use applicationWillResignActive: or sceneWillResignActive: instead.
- (void)interstitialWillLeaveApplication:(GADInterstitial *)ad {
  NSLog(@"Interstitial ad will leave application.");
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
  super.viewDidLoad()
  let request = GADRequest()
  GADInterstitialAd.load(withAdUnitID:"ca-app-pub-8123415297019784/4985798738",
                              request: request,
                    completionHandler: { (ad, error) in
                      if let error = error {
                        print(error.localizedDescription)
                        return
                      }
                      self.interstitial = ad
                      self.interstitial.fullScreenContentDelegate = self
                    }
  )
}

func adDidPresentFullScreenContent(_ ad: GADFullScreenPresentingAd) {
  print("Ad did present full screen content.")
}

func ad(_ ad: GADFullScreenPresentingAd, didFailToPresentFullScreenContentWithError error: Error) {
  print("Ad failed to present full screen content with error \(error.localizedDescription).")
}

func adDidDismissFullScreenContent(_ ad: GADFullScreenPresentingAd) {
  print("Ad did dismiss full screen content.")
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];
  GADRequest *request = [GADRequest request];
  [GADInterstitialAd loadWithAdUnitID:@"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/4411468910"
                              request:request
                    completionHandler:^(GADInterstitialAd *ad, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
      NSLog(@"interstitial:didFailToReceiveAdWithError: %@", [error localizedDescription])
      return;
    }
    self.interstitial = ad;
    self.interstitial.fullScreenContentDelegate = self;
  }];
}

- (void)adDidPresentFullScreenContent:(id)ad {
  NSLog(@"Ad did present full screen content.");
}

- (void)ad:(id)ad didFailToPresentFullScreenContentWithError:(NSError *)error {
  NSLog(@"Ad failed to present full screen content with error %@.", [error localizedDescription]);
}

- (void)adDidDismissFullScreenContent:(id)ad {
  NSLog(@"Ad did dismiss full screen content.");
}

Rewarded

Load ad

import GoogleMobileAds
import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, GADRewardedAdDelegate {
  /// The rewarded ad.
  var rewardedAd: GADRewardedAd?

  override func viewDidLoad() {
    super.viewDidLoad()
    rewardedAd = GADRewardedAd(adUnitID: "ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/1712485313")
    rewardedAd.delegate = self
    rewardedAd?.load(GADRequest()) { error in
      if let error = error {
        print("Rewarded ad failed to load with error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
      } else {
        print("Rewarded ad loaded.")
      }
    }
  }
}

@import GoogleMobileAds;
@import UIKit;

@interface ViewController () 

@property(nonatomic, strong) GADRewardedAd *rewardedAd;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  self.rewardedAd = [[GADRewardedAd alloc]
      initWithAdUnitID:@"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/1712485313"];
  self.rewardedAd.delegate = self;
  GADRequest *request = [GADRequest request];
  [self.rewardedAd loadRequest:request completionHandler:^(GADRequestError * _Nullable error) {
    if (error) {
      NSLog(@"Rewarded ad failed to load with error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
    } else {
      NSLog(@"Rewarded ad loaded.");
    }
  }];
}

import GoogleMobileAds
import UIKit

class ViewController: UIViewController, GADFullScreenContentDelegate {
  /// The rewarded ad.
  var rewardedAd: GADRewardedAd?

  override func viewDidLoad() {
  super.viewDidLoad()
  let request = GADRequest()
  GADRewardedAd.load(withAdUnitID: "ca-app-pub-8123415297019784/9501821136",
                          request: request, completionHandler: { (ad, error) in
                            if let error = error {
                              print("Rewarded ad failed to load with error: \(error.localizedDescription)")
                              return
                            }
                            self.rewardedAd = ad
                            self.rewardedAd?.fullScreenContentDelegate = self
                          }
  )
  }
}

@import GoogleMobileAds;
@import UIKit;

@interface ViewController () 

@property(nonatomic, strong) GADRewardedAd *rewardedAd;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  GADRequest *request = [GADRequest request];
  [GADRewardedAd loadWithAdUnitID:@"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/1712485313"
                          request:request
                completionHandler:^(GADRewardedAd *ad, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
      NSLog(@"Rewarded ad failed to load with error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
      return;
    }
    self.rewardedAd = ad;
    NSLog(@"Rewarded ad loaded.");
    self.rewardedAd.fullScreenContentDelegate = self;
}

Display ad and handle reward

Rewarded ads require you to handle the event when a user earns a reward. With version 7 of the GADRewardedAd API, you implement rewardedAd:userDidEarnReward: as part of the GADRewardedAdDelegate protocol. For version 8, you implement the GADUserDidEarnRewardHandler in order to present the ad.

func showRewardedAd() {
  ...
  if rewardedAd.isReady {
    rewardedAd.present(fromRootViewController: self delegate:self)
  } else {
    print("Ad wasn't ready")
  }
}

/// Tells the delegate that the user earned a reward.
func rewardedAd(_ rewardedAd: GADRewardedAd, userDidEarnReward: GADAdReward) {
  // TODO: Reward the user.
}

- (void)showRewardedAd: {
  ...
  if (self.rewardedAd.isReady) {
    [self.rewardedAd presentFromRootViewController:self delegate:self];
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Ad wasn't ready");
  }
}

/// Tells the delegate that the user earned a reward.
- (void)rewardedAd:(GADRewardedAd *)rewardedAd userDidEarnReward:(GADAdReward *)reward {
  // TODO: Reward the user.
}

func showRewardedAd() {
  ...
  if let ad = rewardedAd {
      ad.present(fromRootViewController: self,
               userDidEarnRewardHandler: {
                 let reward = ad.adReward
                 // TODO: Reward the user.
               }
      )
  } else {
    print("Ad wasn't ready")
  }
}

- (void)showRewardedAd: {
  ...
  if (self.rewardedAd) {
    [self.rewardedAd presentFromRootViewController:self
                          userDidEarnRewardHandler:^ {
      GADAdReward *reward = self.rewardedAd.adReward;
      // TODO: Reward the user.
    }];
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Ad wasn't ready");
  }
}

Presentation ad events

With the GADRewardedAd API you pass a GADRewardedAdDelegate to the method that presents the ad. With the GADRewardedAd API, you set a GADFullscreenContentDelegate as a property on the ad prior to presenting the ad.

func showRewardedAd() {
  ...
  if rewardedAd.isReady {
    rewardedAd.present(fromRootViewController: self delegate:self)
  } else {
    print("Ad wasn't ready")
  }
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was presented.
func rewardedAdDidPresent(_ rewardedAd: GADRewardedAd) {
  print("Rewarded ad presented.")
}
/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was dismissed.
func rewardedAdDidDismiss(_ rewardedAd: GADRewardedAd) {
  print("Rewarded ad dismissed.")
}
/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad failed to present.
func rewardedAd(_ rewardedAd: GADRewardedAd, didFailToPresentWithError error: Error) {
  print("Rewarded ad failed to present with error: \(error.localizedDescription).")
}

- (void)showRewardedAd: {
  ...
  if (self.rewardedAd.isReady) {
    [self.rewardedAd presentFromRootViewController:self delegate:self];
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Ad wasn't ready");
  }
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was presented.
- (void)rewardedAdDidPresent:(GADRewardedAd *)rewardedAd {
  NSLog(@"Rewarded ad presented.");
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad failed to present.
- (void)rewardedAd:(GADRewardedAd *)rewardedAd didFailToPresentWithError:(NSError *)error {
  NSLog(@"Rewarded ad failed to present with error: %@",
        [error localizedDescription]);
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was dismissed.
- (void)rewardedAdDidDismiss:(GADRewardedAd *)rewardedAd {
  NSLog(@"Rewarded ad dismissed.");
}

override func viewDidLoad() {
  super.viewDidLoad()
  let request = GADRequest()
  GADRewardedAd.load(withAdUnitID: "ca-app-pub-8123415297019784/9501821136",
                          request: request, completionHandler: { (ad, error) in
                            if let error = error {
                              print(error.localizedDescription)
                              return
                            }
                            self.rewardedAd = ad
                            self.rewardedAd?.fullScreenContentDelegate = self
                          }
  )
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was presented.
func adDidPresentFullScreenContent(_ ad: GADFullScreenPresentingAd) {
  print("Rewarded ad presented.")
}
/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was dismissed.
func adDidDismissFullScreenContent(_ ad: GADFullScreenPresentingAd) {
  print("Rewarded ad dismissed.")
}
/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad failed to present.
func ad(_ ad: GADFullScreenPresentingAd,
    didFailToPresentFullScreenContentWithError error: Error) {
  print("Rewarded ad failed to present with error: \(error.localizedDescription).")
}

- (void)viewDidLoad {
  [super viewDidLoad];

  GADRequest *request = [GADRequest request];
  [GADRewardedAd loadWithAdUnitID:@"ca-app-pub-3940256099942544/1712485313"
                          request:request
                completionHandler:^(GADRewardedAd *ad, NSError *error) {
    if (error) {
      NSLog(@"Rewarded ad failed to load with error: %@", [error localizedDescription]);
      return;
    }
    self.rewardedAd = ad;
    NSLog(@"Rewarded ad loaded.");
    self.rewardedAd.fullScreenContentDelegate = self;
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was presented.
- (void)adDidPresentFullScreenContent:(id)ad {
  NSLog(@"Rewarded ad presented.");
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad failed to present.
- (void)ad:(id)ad
    didFailToPresentFullScreenContentWithError:(NSError *)error {
  NSLog(@"Rewarded ad failed to present with error: %@",
       [error localizedDescription]);
}

/// Tells the delegate that the rewarded ad was dismissed.
- (void)adDidDismissFullScreenContent:(id)ad {
  NSLog(@"Rewarded ad dismissed.");
}

Legacy GADRewardedBasedVideoAd API removal

The newer GADRewardedAd API was first introduced back in March 2019 and has been the preferred rewarded API for over 18 months. It has had more enhancements compared to the legacy GADRewardedBasedVideoAd API, including the ability to load more than one rewarded ad at a time.

The legacy GADRewardedBasedVideoAd API is removed in SDK version 8.0.0.

Smart banner deprecation in favor of adaptive banner

Smart banner ads are deprecated in favor of adaptive banner ads. Adaptive banners provide superior performance and more flexibility in setting ad width. If you prefer to continue using full-width banners, that can still be done using adaptive banner, as shown in the following code snippet:

class ViewController: UIViewController {

  override func viewDidAppear(_ animated: Bool) {
    super.viewDidAppear(animated)
    // Note: The safe area is not known until viewWillAppear.
    let adSize = getFullWidthAdaptiveAdSize()
  }

  func getFullWidthAdaptiveAdSize() -> GADAdSize {
    // Here safe area is taken into account, hence the view frame is used after the
    // view has been laid out.
    let frame = { () -> CGRect in
      if #available(iOS 11.0, *) {
        return view.frame.inset(by: view.safeAreaInsets)
      } else {
        return view.frame
      }
    }()
    return GADCurrentOrientationAnchoredAdaptiveBannerAdSizeWithWidth(frame.size.width)
  }
}

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated {
  [super viewDidAppear:animated];
  // Note: The safe area is not known until viewWillAppear.
  GADAdSize adSize = [self getFullWidthAdaptiveAdSize];
}

- (GADAdSize)getFullWidthAdaptiveAdSize {
  CGRect frame = self.view.frame;
  // Here safe area is taken into account, hence the view frame is used after
  // the view has been laid out.
  if (@available(iOS 11.0, *)) {
    frame = UIEdgeInsetsInsetRect(self.view.frame, self.view.safeAreaInsets);
  }
  return GADCurrentOrientationAnchoredAdaptiveBannerAdSizeWithWidth(frame.size.width);
}

@end

Leave application callback removal

The willLeaveApplication callback for all ad formats has been removed in favor of the applicationDidEnterBackground: and sceneDidEnterBackground: methods. Using OS-level APIs notify you whenever users leave your app, regardless of whether or not it is due to an ad interaction.

Note that the willLeaveApplication callback was never intended to be an ad click handler, and relying on this callback to report clicks did not produce an accurate metric. For example, a click on the AdChoices icon that launched an external browser invoked the callback but did not count a click.

Class renames

The table below lists specific class names that have changed or been removed in version 8. In summary:

• All classes related to GADUnifiedNativeAd have been renamed to GADNativeAd.
• GADRewardBasedVideoAd, GADNativeExpressAdView, and GADInstreamAd have been removed.
• All classes with the DFP prefix have been replaced with a GAM prefix.

Methods removed/replaced

The table below lists the specific changes in version 8. In summary:

• Previously deprecated methods and properties have been removed.
• -willLeaveApplication: delegate methods have been removed for all formats.
• The ad network class name has moved to the GADResponseInfo property.
• The test device identifier has moved to the GADRequestConfiguration property.