Envoyer des événements

Consultez ce guide pour vous familiariser avec l'envoi d'événements multisources Google Analytics avec l'API Data Manager.

Dans ce guide, vous allez effectuer les étapes suivantes :

  1. Préparez un Destination pour recevoir les données d'événement.
  2. Préparez les données d'événement à envoyer.
  3. Créez une requête IngestionService pour les événements.
  4. Envoyez la requête avec Google APIs Explorer.
  5. Comprendre les réponses de réussite et d'échec

Préparer les destinations

Avant de pouvoir envoyer des données, vous devez préparer au moins un Destination pour les données. Voici les champs d'un Destination. Pour en savoir plus et découvrir des exemples de destinations pour différents scénarios, consultez Configurer des destinations.

operatingAccount

Propriété Google Analytics qui reçoit les événements. Définissez accountType sur GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_PROPERTY et accountId sur l'ID de propriété Google Analytics (par exemple, 123456789).

Les identifiants de la demande doivent correspondre à un compte Google disposant du rôle Éditeur ou Administrateur pour la propriété.

loginAccount

Compte auquel l'utilisateur des identifiants a accès. Définissez accountType sur GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_PROPERTY et accountId sur l'ID de la propriété Google Analytics.

productDestinationId

Identifiant du flux de données qui reçoit les événements.

Flux de données Web

Définissez l'ID de mesure d'un flux de données Web Google Analytics (au format G-XXXXXXXXXX).

Flux de données d'application

Définissez l'ID d'application Firebase d'un flux de données d'application Google Analytics iOS ou Android.

{
  "operatingAccount": {
    "accountType": "GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_PROPERTY",
    "accountId": "PROPERTY_ID"
  },
  "loginAccount": {
    "accountType": "GOOGLE_ANALYTICS_PROPERTY",
    "accountId": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_ID"
  },
  "productDestinationId": "PRODUCT_DESTINATION_ID"
}

L'exemple de ce guide montre comment créer une requête qui envoie chaque événement à la même destination. Si vous souhaitez envoyer des événements pour plusieurs destinations dans la même requête, consultez Envoyer des événements pour plusieurs destinations.

Préparer les données d'événement

Avant d'envoyer des données d'événement dans une requête, vous devez les préparer :

  1. Mettez en forme les valeurs brutes comme indiqué dans le guide de mise en forme.
  2. Les identifiants utilisateur tels que les adresses e-mail, les prénoms et les noms de famille doivent être hachés à l'aide de l'algorithme SHA-256 et encodés à l'aide de l'encodage hexadécimal ou Base64.
  3. Créez votre charge utile Event à l'aide des valeurs mises en forme et hachées.

Les onglets suivants montrent des exemples de données d'événement, de l'entrée brute à la valeur de charge utile finale, en passant par la mise en forme :

Événement 1

Attribut d'événement Valeur brute Avec mise en forme Valeur de la charge utile
event_timestamp June 10, 2025 3:07:01PM America/Chicago 2025-06-10T15:07:01-05:00 (ISO 8601) 2025-06-10T15:07:01-05:00
product_destination_id G-1234567890 G-1234567890 G-1234567890
event_name purchase purchase purchase
client_id 1234567890.1761581763 1234567890.1761581763 1234567890.1761581763
user_id user_ABC12345 user_ABC12345 user_ABC12345
transaction_id XYZ987654321 XYZ987654321 XYZ987654321
conversion_value 30.03 30.03 30.03
currency usd USD (code ISO à trois lettres) USD
ad_unit_name Banner_01 Banner_01 Banner_01
Données du panier
item_id SKU_12345 SKU_12345 SKU_12345
unit_price 10.01 10.01 10.01
quantity 3 3 3
Paramètres d'article supplémentaires
item_name Stan and Friends Tee Stan and Friends Tee Stan and Friends Tee
item_category Apparel Apparel Apparel
item_brand Google Google Google

Événement 2

Attribut d'événement Valeur brute Avec mise en forme Valeur de la charge utile
event_timestamp June 10, 2025 11:42:33PM America/New_York 2025-06-10T23:42:33-05:00 (ISO 8601) 2025-06-10T23:42:33-05:00
product_destination_id G-1234567890 G-1234567890 G-1234567890
event_name purchase purchase purchase
client_id 9876543210.1761582117 9876543210.1761582117 9876543210.1761582117
user_id user_DEF9876 user_DEF9876 user_DEF9876
transaction_id DEF999911111 DEF999911111 DEF999911111
conversion_value 42.02 42.02 42.02
currency eur EUR (code ISO à trois lettres) EUR
email_address

zoe@EXAMPLE.COM

cloudy.sanfrancisco@gmail.com

zoe@example.com (supprimé, en minuscules)

cloudysanfrancisco@gmail.com (tronqué, en minuscules, sans le point avant @gmail.com)

3E693CF7E5B67880BFF33B2D2626DADB7BF1D4BC737192E47CF8BAA89ACF2250 (SHA-256 hex)

223EBDA6F6889B1494551BA902D9D381DAF2F642BAE055888E96343D53E9F9C4 (SHA-256 hex)

given_name zoë zoë (supprimé, en minuscules) 2752B88686847FA5C86F47B94CE652B7B3F22A91C37617D451A4DB9AFA431450 (SHA-256 hex)
family_name pérez pérez (supprimé, en minuscules) 6654977D57DDDD3C0329CA741B109EF6CD6430BEDD00008AAD213DF25683D77F (SHA-256 hex)
address_line 1800 Amphibious Blvd. 1800 amphibious blvd (en minuscules, sans ponctuation) FF75E73A0E768CC1FA28A64FAEBBCECCB562D7C05F2FFCDD8D100ABAD73E4579 (SHA-256 hex)
city Mountain View mountain view (supprimé, en minuscules) mountain view
administrative_area CA ca (supprimé, en minuscules) ca
region_code US US (code ISO à deux lettres) US
postal_code 94043 94043 94043
customer_type RETURNING RETURNING RETURNING
ad_unit_name Banner_02 Banner_02 Banner_02
Données du panier
item_id SKU_12346 SKU_12346 SKU_12346
unit_price 21.01 21.01 21.01
quantity 2 2 2
Paramètres d'article supplémentaires
item_name Google Grey Women's Tee Google Grey Women's Tee Google Grey Women's Tee
item_category Apparel Apparel Apparel
item_brand Google Google Google

Convertir les données en objets Event

Convertissez les données mises en forme et hachées de chaque événement en Event.

Exigences concernant les champs d'événement

Créez vos événements en respectant les exigences du tableau ci-dessous. Consultez la documentation de référence Event pour obtenir la liste complète des champs disponibles.

Champ État Description
eventName Obligatoire Nom de l'événement Google Analytics. Si le nom de l'événement est un nom réservé, l'API Data Manager le refuse et renvoie l'erreur INVALID_EVENT_NAME.
eventTimestamp Obligatoire Heure à laquelle l'événement s'est produit. Consultez Format du code temporel. Les événements pour Google Analytics doivent avoir un eventTimestamp au cours des 72 dernières heures. De plus, vous devez envoyer les événements Google Analytics que vous souhaitez joindre ou traiter en même temps que les événements collectés par le SDK Google Analytics for Firebase ou gtag.js dans les 48 heures suivant le code temporel de l'événement côté client d'origine. Il est possible que Google Analytics ne traite pas les événements envoyés après cette date comme prévu, en particulier pour l'attribution des conversions.
transactionId Obligatoire Identifiant unique de la transaction.
eventSource Facultatif Origine de l'événement. Si elle est définie, elle doit être WEB pour les flux de données Web ou APP pour les flux de données d'application.
conversionValue Facultatif Valeur monétaire associée à l'événement.
currency Facultatif Code de devise (par exemple, USD ou EUR) associé aux valeurs monétaires de cet événement.
cartData Obligatoire sous certaines conditions Obligatoire si indiqué dans la documentation de référence sur les événements Google Analytics pour l'événement. Consultez Ajouter des données du panier.
additionalEventParameters Facultatif Facultatif, mais recommandé. Renseignez cette liste avec tous les paramètres d'événement Google Analytics qui ne sont pas capturés dans les autres champs Event. Consultez Ajouter des paramètres d'événement.
userProperties Facultatif Propriétés utilisateur pour l'utilisateur. Consultez Ajouter des propriétés utilisateur.
destinationReferences Obligatoire sous certaines conditions Obligatoire si la liste destinations au niveau de la requête contient plusieurs Destination Google Analytics. Consultez Envoyer des événements à plusieurs destinations.
consent Facultatif Paramètres de consentement de l'utilisateur pour le règlement sur les marchés numériques (DMA), indiquant si le consentement est accordé pour adUserData et adPersonalization.

Exigences concernant les identifiants

Voici les exigences concernant les identifiants pour chaque type de flux de données :

Flux de données Web

Vous devez inclure au moins un des identifiants suivants lorsque vous envoyez un événement multisource Google Analytics à un flux de données Web :

Flux de données d'application

Respectez les exigences suivantes lorsque vous envoyez un événement multisource Google Analytics à un flux de données d'application :

Comment Google traite les données multisources

Dans un même événement et une même propriété, Google Analytics utilise transactionId pour dédupliquer l'événement provenant de différentes sources (comme la balise de votre site Web et les demandes d'ingestion de l'API Data Manager). Google Analytics utilise les informations de la première instance de l'événement identique qu'il a reçue.

Ajouter des données de panier

Renseignez le champ cartData de Event avec des informations sur les articles associés à l'événement. Utilisez ce champ lorsque vous envoyez des événements recommandés Google Analytics tels que purchase, qui nécessitent une liste items.

Voici les champs de l'objet CartData :

items
Obligatoire. Incluez au moins un Item dans cette liste.

Champs d'article

Ajoutez un ou plusieurs objets Item à la liste items de CartData.

Renseignez les champs suivants pour chaque Item :

items.itemId
Obligatoire. Identifiant unique de l'élément.
items.unitPrice

Facultatif. Prix unitaire de cet article, hors taxes, frais de livraison et remises de portée événement (au niveau de la transaction).

Si l'article bénéficie d'une remise au niveau de l'article, utilisez le prix unitaire remisé. Par exemple, si un article a un prix unitaire de 27.67 et une remise unitaire de 6.66, définissez unitPrice sur 21.01.

items.quantity

Obligatoire. Quantité d'unités pour cet article spécifique.

items.additionalItemParameters

Facultatif. Remplissez cette liste avec tous les paramètres de portée article qui ne sont pas capturés dans les autres champs Item. Utilisez le nom du paramètre de la documentation Google Analytics comme parameterName de ItemParameter.

Par exemple, pour Google Analytics, si vous disposez de la marque et de la catégorie d'un article pour un événement purchase, ajoutez une entrée à additionalItemParameters de l'article avec parameterName défini sur item_brand et value défini sur le nom de la marque.

Nous vous déconseillons d'ajouter des entrées à additionalItemParameters pour les paramètres d'éléments quantity, price ou item_id. Renseignez plutôt les champs itemId, unitPrice et quantity de Item, qui ont la priorité sur toutes les entrées de additionalItemParameters.

Ajouter des paramètres d'événement

Remplissez la liste additionalEventParameters des Event avec tous les paramètres d'événement Google Analytics qui ne sont pas capturés dans les autres champs Event. Les paramètres peuvent inclure des paramètres recommandés supplémentaires pour l'événement ou tout autre paramètre que vous souhaitez capturer. Utilisez le nom du paramètre Google Analytics pour parameterName de EventParameter.

Par exemple, si vous avez les taxes associées à une transaction, ajoutez une entrée à additionalEventParameters avec parameterName défini sur tax et value défini sur le montant des taxes.

Nous vous déconseillons d'ajouter des entrées à additionalEventParameters pour les paramètres d'événement Google Analytics transactionId, currency ou value. Renseignez plutôt les champs transactionId, currency et conversionValue de Event, qui sont prioritaires sur les entrées de additionalEventParameters.

Ajouter des propriétés utilisateur

Les propriétés utilisateur décrivent l'utilisateur au moment de l'événement. Ajoutez une entrée distincte à la liste additionalUserProperties pour chaque propriété utilisateur.

Exemples de requêtes

Voici des exemples d'objets Event pour les données mises en forme de chaque événement :

Événement 1

{
  "additionalEventParameters": [
    {
      "parameterName": "ad_unit_name",
      "value": "Banner_01"
    }
  ],
  "cartData": {
    "items": [
      {
        "additionalItemParameters": [
          {
            "parameterName": "item_name",
            "value": "Stan and Friends Tee"
          },
          {
            "parameterName": "item_category",
            "value": "Apparel"
          },
          {
            "parameterName": "item_brand",
            "value": "Google"
          }
        ],
        "itemId": "SKU_12345",
        "quantity": 3,
        "unitPrice": 10.01
      }
    ]
  },
  "clientId": "1234567890.1761581763",
  "conversionValue": 30.03,
  "currency": "USD",
  "eventName": "purchase",
  "eventTimestamp": "2025-06-10T15:07:01-05:00",
  "transactionId": "XYZ987654321",
  "userId": "user_ABC12345"
}

Événement 2

{
  "additionalEventParameters": [
    {
      "parameterName": "ad_unit_name",
      "value": "Banner_02"
    }
  ],
  "cartData": {
    "items": [
      {
        "additionalItemParameters": [
          {
            "parameterName": "item_name",
            "value": "Google Grey Women's Tee"
          },
          {
            "parameterName": "item_category",
            "value": "Apparel"
          },
          {
            "parameterName": "item_brand",
            "value": "Google"
          }
        ],
        "itemId": "SKU_12346",
        "quantity": 2,
        "unitPrice": 21.01
      }
    ]
  },
  "clientId": "9876543210.1761582117",
  "conversionValue": 42.02,
  "currency": "EUR",
  "eventName": "purchase",
  "eventTimestamp": "2025-06-10T23:42:33-05:00",
  "transactionId": "DEF999911111",
  "userData": {
    "userIdentifiers": [
      {
        "emailAddress": "3E693CF7E5B67880BFF33B2D2626DADB7BF1D4BC737192E47CF8BAA89ACF2250"
      },
      {
        "emailAddress": "223EBDA6F6889B1494551BA902D9D381DAF2F642BAE055888E96343D53E9F9C4"
      },
      {
        "address": {
          "addressLine": "FF75E73A0E768CC1FA28A64FAEBBCECCB562D7C05F2FFCDD8D100ABAD73E4579",
          "administrativeArea": "ca",
          "city": "mountain view",
          "familyName": "6654977D57DDDD3C0329CA741B109EF6CD6430BEDD00008AAD213DF25683D77F",
          "givenName": "2752B88686847FA5C86F47B94CE652B7B3F22A91C37617D451A4DB9AFA431450",
          "postalCode": "94043",
          "regionCode": "US"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "userId": "user_DEF9876",
  "userProperties": {
    "additionalUserProperties": [
      {
        "propertyName": "customer_type",
        "value": "RETURNING"
      }
    ]
  }
}

Créer le corps de la requête

Pour créer le corps de la requête, combinez destinations et events, définissez le champ encoding, puis ajoutez les autres champs de requête que vous souhaitez inclure, tels que validateOnly et consent.

Envoyer la requête

Voici comment essayer une requête depuis votre navigateur :

  1. Sélectionnez l'onglet REST, puis cliquez sur Ouvrir dans l'explorateur d'API pour ouvrir l'explorateur d'API dans un nouvel onglet ou une nouvelle fenêtre.
  2. Dans le corps de la requête de l'API Explorer, remplacez chaque chaîne commençant par REPLACE_WITH, comme REPLACE_WITH_OPERATING_ACCOUNT_TYPE, par la valeur appropriée.
  3. Cliquez sur Exécuter en bas de la page APIs Explorer et suivez les invites d'autorisation pour envoyer la requête.
  4. Définissez validateOnly sur true pour valider la requête sans appliquer les modifications. Lorsque vous êtes prêt à appliquer les modifications, définissez validateOnly sur false.

Si vous avez installé une bibliothèque cliente, sélectionnez l'onglet correspondant au langage de programmation de votre choix pour afficher un exemple de code complet expliquant comment créer et envoyer une requête.

REST

{
    "destinations": [
        {
            "operatingAccount": {
                "accountType": "OPERATING_ACCOUNT_TYPE",
                "accountId": "OPERATING_ACCOUNT_ID"
            },
            "loginAccount": {
                "accountType": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_TYPE",
                "accountId": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_ID"
            },
            "productDestinationId": "PRODUCT_DESTINATION_ID"
        }
    ],
    "encoding": "HEX",
    "consent": {
        "adUserData": "CONSENT_GRANTED",
        "adPersonalization": "CONSENT_GRANTED"
    },
    "events": [
        {
            "additionalEventParameters": [
                {
                    "parameterName": "ad_unit_name",
                    "value": "Banner_01"
                }
            ],
            "cartData": {
                "items": [
                    {
                        "additionalItemParameters": [
                            {
                                "parameterName": "item_name",
                                "value": "Stan and Friends Tee"
                            },
                            {
                                "parameterName": "item_category",
                                "value": "Apparel"
                            },
                            {
                                "parameterName": "item_brand",
                                "value": "Google"
                            }
                        ],
                        "itemId": "SKU_12345",
                        "quantity": 3,
                        "unitPrice": 10.01
                    }
                ]
            },
            "clientId": "1234567890.1761581763",
            "conversionValue": 30.03,
            "currency": "USD",
            "eventName": "purchase",
            "eventTimestamp": "2025-06-10T15:07:01-05:00",
            "transactionId": "XYZ987654321",
            "userId": "user_ABC12345"
        },
        {
            "additionalEventParameters": [
                {
                    "parameterName": "ad_unit_name",
                    "value": "Banner_02"
                }
            ],
            "cartData": {
                "items": [
                    {
                        "additionalItemParameters": [
                            {
                                "parameterName": "item_name",
                                "value": "Google Grey Women's Tee"
                            },
                            {
                                "parameterName": "item_category",
                                "value": "Apparel"
                            },
                            {
                                "parameterName": "item_brand",
                                "value": "Google"
                            }
                        ],
                        "itemId": "SKU_12346",
                        "quantity": 2,
                        "unitPrice": 21.01
                    }
                ]
            },
            "clientId": "9876543210.1761582117",
            "conversionValue": 42.02,
            "currency": "EUR",
            "eventName": "purchase",
            "eventTimestamp": "2025-06-10T23:42:33-05:00",
            "transactionId": "DEF999911111",
            "userData": {
                "userIdentifiers": [
                    {
                        "emailAddress": "3E693CF7E5B67880BFF33B2D2626DADB7BF1D4BC737192E47CF8BAA89ACF2250"
                    },
                    {
                        "emailAddress": "223EBDA6F6889B1494551BA902D9D381DAF2F642BAE055888E96343D53E9F9C4"
                    },
                    {
                        "address": {
                            "addressLine": "FF75E73A0E768CC1FA28A64FAEBBCECCB562D7C05F2FFCDD8D100ABAD73E4579",
                            "administrativeArea": "ca",
                            "city": "mountain view",
                            "familyName": "6654977D57DDDD3C0329CA741B109EF6CD6430BEDD00008AAD213DF25683D77F",
                            "givenName": "2752B88686847FA5C86F47B94CE652B7B3F22A91C37617D451A4DB9AFA431450",
                            "postalCode": "94043",
                            "regionCode": "US"
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            "userId": "user_DEF9876",
            "userProperties": {
                "additionalUserProperties": [
                    {
                        "propertyName": "customer_type",
                        "value": "RETURNING"
                    }
                ]
            }
        }
    ],
    "validateOnly": true
}

.NET

// Copyright 2025 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

using System.Text.Json;
using CommandLine;
using Google.Ads.DataManager.Util;
using Google.Ads.DataManager.V1;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using static Google.Ads.DataManager.V1.ProductAccount.Types;

namespace Google.Ads.DataManager.Samples
{
    // <summary>
    // Sends an <see cref="IngestEventsRequest" /> without using encryption.
    //
    // Event data is read from a data file. See the <c>events_1.json</c> file in the
    // <c>sampledata</c> directory for an example.
    // </summary>
    public class IngestEvents
    {
        private static readonly int MaxEventsPerRequest = 2_000;

        [Verb("ingest-events", HelpText = "Sends an IngestEventsRequest without using encryption.")]
        public class Options
        {
            [Option(
                "operatingAccountType",
                Required = true,
                HelpText = "Account type of the operating account"
            )]
            public AccountType OperatingAccountType { get; set; }

            [Option(
                "operatingAccountId",
                Required = true,
                HelpText = "ID of the operating account"
            )]
            public string OperatingAccountId { get; set; } = null!;

            [Option(
                "loginAccountType",
                Required = false,
                HelpText = "Account type of the login account"
            )]
            public AccountType? LoginAccountType { get; set; }

            [Option("loginAccountId", Required = false, HelpText = "ID of the login account")]
            public string? LoginAccountId { get; set; }

            [Option(
                "linkedAccountProduct",
                Required = false,
                HelpText = "Account type of the linked account"
            )]
            public AccountType? LinkedAccountType { get; set; }

            [Option("linkedAccountId", Required = false, HelpText = "ID of the linked account")]
            public string? LinkedAccountId { get; set; }

            [Option(
                "conversionActionId",
                Required = true,
                HelpText = "ID of the conversion action"
            )]
            public string ConversionActionId { get; set; } = null!;

            [Option(
                "jsonFile",
                Required = true,
                HelpText = "JSON file containing user data to ingest"
            )]
            public string JsonFile { get; set; } = null!;

            [Option(
                "validateOnly",
                Default = true,
                HelpText = "Whether to enable validateOnly on the request"
            )]
            public bool ValidateOnly { get; set; }
        }

        public void Run(Options options)
        {
            RunExample(
                options.OperatingAccountType,
                options.OperatingAccountId,
                options.LoginAccountType,
                options.LoginAccountId,
                options.LinkedAccountType,
                options.LinkedAccountId,
                options.ConversionActionId,
                options.JsonFile,
                options.ValidateOnly
            );
        }

        private void RunExample(
            AccountType operatingAccountType,
            string operatingAccountId,
            AccountType? loginAccountType,
            string? loginAccountId,
            AccountType? linkedAccountType,
            string? linkedAccountId,
            string conversionActionId,
            string jsonFile,
            bool validateOnly
        )
        {
            if (loginAccountId == null ^ loginAccountType == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    "Must specify either both or neither of login account ID and login account "
                        + "type"
                );
            }
            if (linkedAccountId == null ^ linkedAccountType == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    "Must specify either both or neither of linked account ID and linked account "
                        + "type"
                );
            }

            // Reads member data from the data file.
            List<EventRecord> eventRecords = ReadEventData(jsonFile);
            // Gets an instance of the UserDataFormatter for normalizing and formatting the data.
            UserDataFormatter userDataFormatter = new UserDataFormatter();

            // Builds the events collection for the request.
            var events = new List<Event>();
            foreach (var eventRecord in eventRecords)
            {
                var eventBuilder = new Event();

                try
                {
                    eventBuilder.EventTimestamp = Timestamp.FromDateTime(
                        DateTime.Parse(eventRecord.Timestamp ?? "").ToUniversalTime()
                    );
                }
                catch (FormatException)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(
                        $"Skipping event with invalid timestamp: {eventRecord.Timestamp}"
                    );
                    continue;
                }

                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.TransactionId))
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Skipping event with no transaction ID");
                    continue;
                }
                eventBuilder.TransactionId = eventRecord.TransactionId;

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.EventSource))
                {
                    if (
                        System.Enum.TryParse(
                            eventRecord.EventSource,
                            true,
                            out EventSource eventSource
                        )
                    )
                    {
                        eventBuilder.EventSource = eventSource;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine(
                            $"Skipping event with invalid event source: {eventRecord.EventSource}"
                        );
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.Gclid))
                {
                    eventBuilder.AdIdentifiers = new AdIdentifiers { Gclid = eventRecord.Gclid };
                }

                if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.Currency))
                {
                    eventBuilder.Currency = eventRecord.Currency;
                }

                if (eventRecord.Value.HasValue)
                {
                    eventBuilder.ConversionValue = eventRecord.Value.Value;
                }

                var userDataBuilder = new UserData();

                // Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid email address for the eventRecord.
                if (eventRecord.Emails != null)
                {
                    foreach (var email in eventRecord.Emails)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            string preparedEmail = userDataFormatter.ProcessEmailAddress(
                                email,
                                UserDataFormatter.Encoding.Hex
                            );
                            // Adds an email address identifier with the encoded email hash.
                            userDataBuilder.UserIdentifiers.Add(
                                new UserIdentifier { EmailAddress = preparedEmail }
                            );
                        }
                        catch (ArgumentException)
                        {
                            // Skips invalid input.
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid phone number for the eventRecord.
                if (eventRecord.PhoneNumbers != null)
                {
                    foreach (var phoneNumber in eventRecord.PhoneNumbers)
                    {
                        try
                        {
                            string preparedPhoneNumber = userDataFormatter.ProcessPhoneNumber(
                                phoneNumber,
                                UserDataFormatter.Encoding.Hex
                            );
                            // Adds a phone number identifier with the encoded phone hash.
                            userDataBuilder.UserIdentifiers.Add(
                                new UserIdentifier { PhoneNumber = preparedPhoneNumber }
                            );
                        }
                        catch (ArgumentException)
                        {
                            // Skips invalid input.
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (userDataBuilder.UserIdentifiers.Any())
                {
                    eventBuilder.UserData = userDataBuilder;
                }
                events.Add(eventBuilder);
            }

            // Builds the Destination for the request.
            var destinationBuilder = new Destination
            {
                OperatingAccount = new ProductAccount
                {
                    AccountType = operatingAccountType,
                    AccountId = operatingAccountId,
                },
                ProductDestinationId = conversionActionId,
            };

            if (loginAccountType.HasValue && loginAccountId != null)
            {
                destinationBuilder.LoginAccount = new ProductAccount
                {
                    AccountType = loginAccountType.Value,
                    AccountId = loginAccountId,
                };
            }

            if (linkedAccountType.HasValue && linkedAccountId != null)
            {
                destinationBuilder.LinkedAccount = new ProductAccount
                {
                    AccountType = linkedAccountType.Value,
                    AccountId = linkedAccountId,
                };
            }

            IngestionServiceClient ingestionServiceClient = IngestionServiceClient.Create();

            int requestCount = 0;

            // Batches requests to send up to the maximum number of events per request.
            for (var i = 0; i < events.Count; i += MaxEventsPerRequest)
            {
                IEnumerable<Event> batch = events.Skip(i).Take(MaxEventsPerRequest);
                requestCount++;
                var request = new IngestEventsRequest
                {
                    Destinations = { destinationBuilder },
                    // Adds events from the current batch.
                    Events = { batch },
                    Consent = new Consent
                    {
                        AdPersonalization = ConsentStatus.ConsentGranted,
                        AdUserData = ConsentStatus.ConsentGranted,
                    },
                    // Sets validate_only. If true, then the Data Manager API only validates the
                    // request but doesn't apply changes.
                    ValidateOnly = validateOnly,
                    Encoding = V1.Encoding.Hex,
                };

                // Sends the data to the Data Manager API.
                IngestEventsResponse response = ingestionServiceClient.IngestEvents(request);
                Console.WriteLine($"Response for request #{requestCount}:\n{response}");

                if (response.FieldWarnings.Any())
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(
                        "Request ingested successfully, but field warnings were returned. "
                            + "Review warning details and update your implementation as needed."
                    );
                }
            }
            Console.WriteLine($"# of requests sent: {requestCount}");
        }

        private class EventRecord
        {
            public List<string>? Emails { get; set; }
            public List<string>? PhoneNumbers { get; set; }
            public string? Timestamp { get; set; }
            public string? TransactionId { get; set; }
            public string? EventSource { get; set; }
            public double? Value { get; set; }
            public string? Currency { get; set; }
            public string? Gclid { get; set; }
        }

        private List<EventRecord> ReadEventData(string jsonFile)
        {
            string jsonString = File.ReadAllText(jsonFile);
            var options = new JsonSerializerOptions { PropertyNameCaseInsensitive = true };
            return JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<EventRecord>>(jsonString, options)
                ?? new List<EventRecord>();
        }
    }
}

Java

// Copyright 2025 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package com.google.ads.datamanager.samples;

import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.samples.common.BaseParamsConfig;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.util.UserDataFormatter;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.util.UserDataFormatter.Encoding;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.AdIdentifiers;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.Consent;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.ConsentStatus;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.Destination;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.Event;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.EventSource;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.IngestEventsRequest;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.IngestEventsResponse;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.IngestionServiceClient;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.ProductAccount;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.ProductAccount.AccountType;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.UserData;
import com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.UserIdentifier;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import com.google.common.reflect.TypeToken;
import com.google.gson.GsonBuilder;
import com.google.protobuf.util.Timestamps;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

/**
 * Sends an {@link IngestEventsRequest} without using encryption.
 *
 * <p>Event data is read from a data file. See the {@code events_1.json} file in the {@code
 * resources/sampledata} directory for a sample file.
 */
public class IngestEvents {
  private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(IngestEvents.class.getName());

  /** The maximum number of events allowed per request. */
  private static final int MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST = 2_000;

  private static final class ParamsConfig extends BaseParamsConfig<ParamsConfig> {

    @Parameter(
        names = "--operatingAccountType",
        required = true,
        description = "Account type of the operating account")
    AccountType operatingAccountType;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--operatingAccountId",
        required = true,
        description = "ID of the operating account")
    String operatingAccountId;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--loginAccountType",
        required = false,
        description = "Account type of the login account")
    AccountType loginAccountType;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--loginAccountId",
        required = false,
        description = "ID of the login account")
    String loginAccountId;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--linkedAccountType",
        required = false,
        description = "Account type of the linked account")
    AccountType linkedAccountType;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--linkedAccountId",
        required = false,
        description = "ID of the linked account")
    String linkedAccountId;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--conversionActionId",
        required = true,
        description = "ID of the conversion action")
    String conversionActionId;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--jsonFile",
        required = true,
        description = "JSON file containing user data to ingest")
    String jsonFile;

    @Parameter(
        names = "--validateOnly",
        required = false,
        arity = 1,
        description = "Whether to enable validateOnly on the request")
    boolean validateOnly = true;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    ParamsConfig paramsConfig = new ParamsConfig().parseOrExit(args);
    if ((paramsConfig.loginAccountId == null) != (paramsConfig.loginAccountType == null)) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Must specify either both or neither of login account ID and login account type");
    }
    if ((paramsConfig.linkedAccountId == null) != (paramsConfig.linkedAccountType == null)) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Must specify either both or neither of linked account ID and linked account type");
    }
    new IngestEvents().runExample(paramsConfig);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the example. This sample assumes that the login and operating account are the same.
   *
   * @param params the parameters for the example
   */
  private void runExample(ParamsConfig params) throws IOException {
    // Reads event data from the JSON file.
    List<EventRecord> eventRecords = readEventData(params.jsonFile);

    // Gets an instance of the UserDataFormatter for normalizing and formatting the data.
    UserDataFormatter userDataFormatter = UserDataFormatter.create();

    // Builds the events collection for the request.
    List<Event> events = new ArrayList<>();
    for (EventRecord eventRecord : eventRecords) {
      Event.Builder eventBuilder = Event.newBuilder();
      try {
        eventBuilder.setEventTimestamp(Timestamps.parse(eventRecord.timestamp));
      } catch (ParseException pe) {
        LOGGER.warning(
            () ->
                String.format("Skipping event with invalid timestamp: %s", eventRecord.timestamp));
        continue;
      }

      if (Strings.isNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.transactionId)) {
        LOGGER.warning("Skipping event with no transaction ID");
        continue;
      }
      eventBuilder.setTransactionId(eventRecord.transactionId);
      if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.eventSource)) {
        try {
          eventBuilder.setEventSource(EventSource.valueOf(eventRecord.eventSource));
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
          LOGGER.warning("Skipping event with invalid event source: " + eventRecord.eventSource);
          continue;
        }
      }

      if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.gclid)) {
        eventBuilder.setAdIdentifiers(AdIdentifiers.newBuilder().setGclid(eventRecord.gclid));
      }

      if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(eventRecord.currency)) {
        eventBuilder.setCurrency(eventRecord.currency);
      }

      if (eventRecord.value != null) {
        eventBuilder.setConversionValue(eventRecord.value);
      }

      UserData.Builder userDataBuilder = UserData.newBuilder();

      // Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid email address for the eventRecord.
      if (eventRecord.emails != null) {
        for (String email : eventRecord.emails) {
          String preparedEmail;
          try {
            preparedEmail = userDataFormatter.processEmailAddress(email, Encoding.HEX);
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            // Skips invalid input.
            continue;
          }
          // Sets the email address identifier to the encoded email hash.
          userDataBuilder.addUserIdentifiers(
              UserIdentifier.newBuilder().setEmailAddress(preparedEmail));
        }
      }

      // Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid phone number for the eventRecord.
      if (eventRecord.phoneNumbers != null) {
        for (String phoneNumber : eventRecord.phoneNumbers) {
          String preparedPhoneNumber;
          try {
            preparedPhoneNumber = userDataFormatter.processPhoneNumber(phoneNumber, Encoding.HEX);
          } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
            // Skips invalid input.
            continue;
          }
          // Sets the phone number identifier to the encoded phone number hash.
          userDataBuilder.addUserIdentifiers(
              UserIdentifier.newBuilder().setPhoneNumber(preparedPhoneNumber));
        }
      }

      if (userDataBuilder.getUserIdentifiersCount() > 0) {
        eventBuilder.setUserData(userDataBuilder);
      }
      events.add(eventBuilder.build());
    }

    // Builds the Destination for the request.
    Destination.Builder destinationBuilder =
        Destination.newBuilder()
            .setOperatingAccount(
                ProductAccount.newBuilder()
                    .setAccountType(params.operatingAccountType)
                    .setAccountId(params.operatingAccountId))
            .setProductDestinationId(params.conversionActionId);
    if (params.loginAccountType != null && params.loginAccountId != null) {
      destinationBuilder.setLoginAccount(
          ProductAccount.newBuilder()
              .setAccountType(params.loginAccountType)
              .setAccountId(params.loginAccountId));
    }
    if (params.linkedAccountType != null && params.linkedAccountId != null) {
      destinationBuilder.setLinkedAccount(
          ProductAccount.newBuilder()
              .setAccountType(params.linkedAccountType)
              .setAccountId(params.linkedAccountId));
    }

    try (IngestionServiceClient ingestionServiceClient = IngestionServiceClient.create()) {
      int requestCount = 0;
      // Batches requests to send up to the maximum number of events per request.
      for (List<Event> eventsBatch : Lists.partition(events, MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST)) {
        requestCount++;
        // Builds the request.
        IngestEventsRequest request =
            IngestEventsRequest.newBuilder()
                .addDestinations(destinationBuilder)
                // Adds events from the current batch.
                .addAllEvents(eventsBatch)
                .setConsent(
                    Consent.newBuilder()
                        .setAdPersonalization(ConsentStatus.CONSENT_GRANTED)
                        .setAdUserData(ConsentStatus.CONSENT_GRANTED))
                // Sets validate_only. If true, then the Data Manager API only validates the request
                // but doesn't apply changes.
                .setValidateOnly(params.validateOnly)
                // Sets encoding to match the encoding used.
                .setEncoding(com.google.ads.datamanager.v1.Encoding.HEX)
                .build();

        LOGGER.info(() -> String.format("Request:%n%s", request));
        IngestEventsResponse response = ingestionServiceClient.ingestEvents(request);
        LOGGER.info(String.format("Response for request #:%n%s", requestCount, response));
      }

      LOGGER.info("# of requests sent: " + requestCount);
    }
  }

  /** Data object for a single row of input data. */
  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
  private static class EventRecord {
    private List<String> emails;
    private List<String> phoneNumbers;
    private String timestamp;
    private String transactionId;
    private String eventSource;
    private Double value;
    private String currency;
    private String gclid;
  }

  /** Reads the data file and parses each line into a {@link EventRecord} object. */
  private List<EventRecord> readEventData(String jsonFile) throws IOException {
    try (BufferedReader jsonReader =
        Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get(jsonFile), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)) {
      // Define the type for Gson to deserialize into (List of EventRecord objects)
      Type recordListType = new TypeToken<ArrayList<EventRecord>>() {}.getType();

      // Parse the JSON string from the file into a List of EventRecord objects
      return new GsonBuilder().create().fromJson(jsonReader, recordListType);
    }
  }
}

Nœud

#!/usr/bin/env node
// Copyright 2025 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

'use strict';

import {IngestionServiceClient} from '@google-ads/datamanager';
import {protos} from '@google-ads/datamanager';
const {
  Event: DataManagerEvent,
  Destination,
  Encoding: DataManagerEncoding,
  EventSource,
  Consent,
  ConsentStatus,
  IngestEventsRequest,
  ProductAccount,
  UserData,
  UserIdentifier,
} = protos.google.ads.datamanager.v1;
import {UserDataFormatter, Encoding} from '@google-ads/datamanager-util';
import * as fs from 'fs';
import * as yargs from 'yargs';

const MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST = 10000;

interface Arguments {
  operating_account_type: string;
  operating_account_id: string;
  conversion_action_id: string;
  json_file: string;
  validate_only: boolean;
  login_account_type?: string;
  login_account_id?: string;
  linked_account_type?: string;
  linked_account_id?: string;
  [x: string]: unknown;
}

interface EventRow {
  timestamp: string;
  transactionId: string;
  eventSource?: string;
  gclid?: string;
  currency?: string;
  value?: number;
  emails?: string[];
  phoneNumbers?: string[];
}

/**
 * The main function for the IngestEvents sample.
 */
async function main() {
  const argv: Arguments = yargs
    .option('operating_account_type', {
      describe: 'The account type of the operating account.',
      type: 'string',
      required: true,
    })
    .option('operating_account_id', {
      describe: 'The ID of the operating account.',
      type: 'string',
      required: true,
    })
    .option('conversion_action_id', {
      describe: 'The ID of the conversion action.',
      type: 'string',
      required: true,
    })
    .option('json_file', {
      describe: 'JSON file containing user data to ingest.',
      type: 'string',
      required: true,
    })
    .option('validate_only', {
      describe: 'Whether to enable validate_only on the request.',
      type: 'boolean',
      default: true,
    })
    .option('login_account_type', {
      describe: 'The account type of the login account.',
      type: 'string',
    })
    .option('login_account_id', {
      describe: 'The ID of the login account.',
      type: 'string',
    })
    .option('linked_account_type', {
      describe: 'The account type of the linked account.',
      type: 'string',
    })
    .option('linked_account_id', {
      describe: 'The ID of the linked account.',
      type: 'string',
    })
    .option('config', {
      describe: 'Path to a JSON file with arguments.',
      type: 'string',
    })
    .config('config')
    .check((args: Arguments) => {
      if (
        (args.login_account_type && !args.login_account_id) ||
        (!args.login_account_type && args.login_account_id)
      ) {
        throw new Error(
          'Must specify either both or neither of login account type ' +
            'and login account ID',
        );
      }
      if (
        (args.linked_account_type && !args.linked_account_id) ||
        (!args.linked_account_type && args.linked_account_id)
      ) {
        throw new Error(
          'Must specify either both or neither of linked account type ' +
            'and linked account ID',
        );
      }
      return true;
    })
    .parseSync();

  // Reads event data from the JSON file.
  const eventRows: EventRow[] = readEventDataFile(argv.json_file);

  // Builds the events collection for the request.
  const events = [];
  const formatter = new UserDataFormatter();
  for (const eventRow of eventRows) {
    const event = DataManagerEvent.create();
    try {
      const date = new Date(eventRow.timestamp);
      event.eventTimestamp = {
        seconds: Math.floor(date.getTime() / 1000),
        nanos: (date.getTime() % 1000) * 1e6,
      };
    } catch (e) {
      console.warn(
        `Invalid timestamp format: ${eventRow.timestamp}. Skipping row.`,
      );
      continue;
    }

    if (!eventRow.transactionId) {
      console.warn('Skipping event with no transaction ID');
      continue;
    }
    event.transactionId = eventRow.transactionId;

    if (eventRow.eventSource) {
      const eventSourceEnumValue: number | undefined =
        EventSource[eventRow.eventSource as keyof typeof EventSource];
      if (eventSourceEnumValue === undefined) {
        console.warn(
          `Skipping event with invalid event_source: ${eventRow.eventSource}`,
        );
        continue;
      }
      event.eventSource = eventSourceEnumValue;
    }

    if (eventRow.gclid) {
      event.adIdentifiers = {gclid: eventRow.gclid};
    }

    if (eventRow.currency) {
      event.currency = eventRow.currency;
    }

    if (eventRow.value) {
      event.conversionValue = eventRow.value;
    }

    const userData = UserData.create();
    // Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid email address for the eventRecord.
    if (eventRow.emails) {
      for (const email of eventRow.emails) {
        try {
          const processedEmail = formatter.processEmailAddress(
            email,
            Encoding.HEX,
          );
          userData.userIdentifiers.push(
            UserIdentifier.create({emailAddress: processedEmail}),
          );
        } catch (e) {
          console.warn(`Invalid email address: ${email}. Skipping.`);
        }
      }
    }

    // Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid phone number for the eventRecord.
    if (eventRow.phoneNumbers) {
      for (const phoneNumber of eventRow.phoneNumbers) {
        try {
          const processedPhone = formatter.processPhoneNumber(
            phoneNumber,
            Encoding.HEX,
          );
          userData.userIdentifiers.push(
            UserIdentifier.create({phoneNumber: processedPhone}),
          );
        } catch (e) {
          console.warn(`Invalid phone: ${phoneNumber}. Skipping.`);
        }
      }
    }

    if (userData.userIdentifiers.length > 0) {
      event.userData = userData;
    }

    events.push(event);
  }

  // Sets up the Destination.
  const operatingAccountType = convertToAccountType(
    argv.operating_account_type,
    'operating_account_type',
  );

  const destination = Destination.create({
    operatingAccount: ProductAccount.create({
      accountType: operatingAccountType,
      accountId: argv.operating_account_id,
    }),
    productDestinationId: argv.conversion_action_id,
  });

  // The login account is optional.
  if (argv.login_account_type) {
    const loginAccountType = convertToAccountType(
      argv.login_account_type,
      'login_account_type',
    );
    destination.loginAccount = ProductAccount.create({
      accountType: loginAccountType,
      accountId: argv.login_account_id,
    });
  }

  // The linked account is optional.
  if (argv.linked_account_type) {
    const linkedAccountType = convertToAccountType(
      argv.linked_account_type,
      'linked_account_type',
    );
    destination.linkedAccount = ProductAccount.create({
      accountType: linkedAccountType,
      accountId: argv.linked_account_id,
    });
  }

  const client = new IngestionServiceClient();

  let requestCount = 0;
  // Batches requests to send up to the maximum number of events per request.
  for (let i = 0; i < events.length; i += MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST) {
    requestCount++;
    const eventsBatch = events.slice(i, i + MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST);

    // Builds the request.
    const request = IngestEventsRequest.create({
      destinations: [destination],
      // Adds events from the current batch.
      events: eventsBatch,
      consent: Consent.create({
        adUserData: ConsentStatus.CONSENT_GRANTED,
        adPersonalization: ConsentStatus.CONSENT_GRANTED,
      }),
      // Sets encoding to match the encoding used.
      encoding: DataManagerEncoding.HEX,
      // Sets validate_only. If true, then the Data Manager API only validates the request
      validateOnly: argv.validate_only,
    });

    const [response] = await client.ingestEvents(request);
    console.log(`Response for request #${requestCount}:\n`, response);

    if (response.fieldWarnings && response.fieldWarnings.length > 0) {
      console.warn(
        'Request ingested successfully, but field warnings were returned. ' +
          'Review warning details and update your implementation as needed.',
      );
    }
  }
  console.log(`# of requests sent: ${requestCount}`);
}

/**
 * Reads the event data from the given JSON file.
 * @param {string} jsonFile The path to the JSON file.
 * @return {EventRow[]} An array of event data.
 */
function readEventDataFile(jsonFile: string): EventRow[] {
  const fileContent = fs.readFileSync(jsonFile, 'utf8');
  return JSON.parse(fileContent);
}

/**
 * Validates that a given string is an enum value for the AccountType enum, and
 * if validation passes, returns the AccountType enum value.
 * @param proposedValue the name of an AccountType enum value
 * @param paramName the name of the parameter to use in the error message if validation fails
 * @returns {protos.google.ads.datamanager.v1.ProductAccount.AccountType} The corresponding enum value.
 * @throws {Error} If the string is not an AccountType enum value.
 */
function convertToAccountType(
  proposedValue: string,
  paramName: string,
): protos.google.ads.datamanager.v1.ProductAccount.AccountType {
  const AccountType = ProductAccount.AccountType;
  const accountTypeEnumNames = Object.keys(AccountType).filter(key =>
    isNaN(Number(key)),
  );
  if (!accountTypeEnumNames.includes(proposedValue)) {
    throw new Error(`Invalid ${paramName}: ${proposedValue}`);
  }
  return AccountType[proposedValue as keyof typeof AccountType];
}

if (require.main === module) {
  main().catch(console.error);
}

PHP

<?php
// Copyright 2025 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

/**
 * Sample of sending an IngestEventsRequest without encryption.
 */

require_once dirname(__DIR__, 1) . '/vendor/autoload.php';

use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\AdIdentifiers;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\Client\IngestionServiceClient;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\Consent;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\ConsentStatus;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\Destination;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\Encoding as DataManagerEncoding;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\Event;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\EventSource;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\IngestEventsRequest;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\ProductAccount;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\ProductAccount\AccountType;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\UserData;
use Google\Ads\DataManager\V1\UserIdentifier;
use Google\Ads\DataManagerUtil\Encoding;
use Google\Ads\DataManagerUtil\Formatter;
use Google\ApiCore\ApiException;
use Google\Protobuf\Timestamp;

// The maximum number of events allowed per request.
const MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST = 2000;

/**
 * Reads the JSON-formatted event data file.
 *
 * @param string $jsonFile The event data file.
 * @return array A list of associative arrays, each representing an event.
 */
function readEventDataFile(string $jsonFile): array
{
    $jsonContent = file_get_contents($jsonFile);
    if ($jsonContent === false) {
        throw new \RuntimeException(sprintf('Could not read JSON file: %s', $jsonFile));
    }
    $events = json_decode($jsonContent, true);
    if (json_last_error() !== JSON_ERROR_NONE) {
        throw new \RuntimeException(sprintf('Invalid JSON in file: %s', $jsonFile));
    }
    return $events;
}

/**
 * Runs the sample.
 *
 * @param int $operatingAccountType The account type of the operating account.
 * @param string $operatingAccountId The ID of the operating account.
 * @param string $conversionActionId The ID of the conversion action.
 * @param string $jsonFile The JSON file containing event data.
 * @param bool $validateOnly Whether to enable validateOnly on the request.
 * @param int|null $loginAccountType The account type of the login account.
 * @param string|null $loginAccountId The ID of the login account.
 * @param int|null $linkedAccountType The account type of the linked account.
 * @param string|null $linkedAccountId The ID of the linked account.
 */
function main(
    int $operatingAccountType,
    string $operatingAccountId,
    string $conversionActionId,
    string $jsonFile,
    bool $validateOnly,
    ?int $loginAccountType = null,
    ?string $loginAccountId = null,
    ?int $linkedAccountType = null,
    ?string $linkedAccountId = null
): void {
    // Reads event data from the data file.
    $eventRecords = readEventDataFile($jsonFile);

    // Gets an instance of the UserDataFormatter for normalizing and formatting the data.
    $formatter = new Formatter();

    // Builds the events collection for the request.
    $events = [];
    foreach ($eventRecords as $eventRecord) {
        $event = new Event();

        if (empty($eventRecord['timestamp'])) {
            error_log('Skipping event with no timestamp.');
            continue;
        }
        try {
            $dateTime = new DateTime($eventRecord['timestamp']);
            $timestamp = new Timestamp();
            $timestamp->fromDateTime($dateTime);
            $event->setEventTimestamp($timestamp);
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            error_log(sprintf('Skipping event with invalid timestamp: %s', $eventRecord['timestamp']));
            continue;
        }

        if (empty($eventRecord['transactionId'])) {
            error_log('Skipping event with no transaction ID');
            continue;
        }
        $event->setTransactionId($eventRecord['transactionId']);

        if (!empty($eventRecord['eventSource'])) {
            try {
                $event->setEventSource(EventSource::value($eventRecord['eventSource']));
            } catch (\UnexpectedValueException $e) {
                error_log('Skipping event with invalid event source: ' . $eventRecord['eventSource']);
                continue;
            }
        }

        if (!empty($eventRecord['gclid'])) {
            $event->setAdIdentifiers((new AdIdentifiers())->setGclid($eventRecord['gclid']));
        }

        if (!empty($eventRecord['currency'])) {
            $event->setCurrency($eventRecord['currency']);
        }

        if (isset($eventRecord['value'])) {
            $event->setConversionValue($eventRecord['value']);
        }

        $userData = new UserData();
        $identifiers = [];

        if (!empty($eventRecord['emails'])) {
            foreach ($eventRecord['emails'] as $email) {
                try {
                    $preparedEmail = $formatter->processEmailAddress($email, Encoding::Hex);
                    $identifiers[] = (new UserIdentifier())->setEmailAddress($preparedEmail);
                } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
                    // Skips invalid input.
                    error_log(sprintf('Skipping invalid email: %s', $e->getMessage()));
                    continue;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!empty($eventRecord['phoneNumbers'])) {
            foreach ($eventRecord['phoneNumbers'] as $phoneNumber) {
                try {
                    $preparedPhoneNumber = $formatter->processPhoneNumber($phoneNumber, Encoding::Hex);
                    $identifiers[] = (new UserIdentifier())->setPhoneNumber($preparedPhoneNumber);
                } catch (\InvalidArgumentException $e) {
                    // Skips invalid input.
                    error_log(sprintf('Skipping invalid phone number: %s', $e->getMessage()));
                    continue;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!empty($identifiers)) {
            $userData->setUserIdentifiers($identifiers);
            $event->setUserData($userData);
        }
        $events[] = $event;
    }

    // Builds the destination for the request.
    $destination = (new Destination())
        ->setOperatingAccount((new ProductAccount())
            ->setAccountType($operatingAccountType)
            ->setAccountId($operatingAccountId))
        ->setProductDestinationId($conversionActionId);

    if ($loginAccountType !== null && $loginAccountId !== null) {
        $destination->setLoginAccount((new ProductAccount())
            ->setAccountType($loginAccountType)
            ->setAccountId($loginAccountId));
    }

    if ($linkedAccountType !== null && $linkedAccountId !== null) {
        $destination->setLinkedAccount((new ProductAccount())
            ->setAccountType($linkedAccountType)
            ->setAccountId($linkedAccountId));
    }

    $client = new IngestionServiceClient();
    try {
        $requestCount = 0;
        // Batches requests to send up to the maximum number of events per request.
        foreach (array_chunk($events, MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST) as $eventsBatch) {
            $requestCount++;
            // Builds the request.
            $request = (new IngestEventsRequest())
                ->setDestinations([$destination])
                ->setEvents($eventsBatch)
                ->setConsent((new Consent())
                    ->setAdUserData(ConsentStatus::CONSENT_GRANTED)
                    ->setAdPersonalization(ConsentStatus::CONSENT_GRANTED)
                )
                ->setValidateOnly($validateOnly)
                ->setEncoding(DataManagerEncoding::HEX);

            echo "Request:\n" . json_encode(json_decode($request->serializeToJsonString()), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT) . "\n";
            $response = $client->ingestEvents($request);
            echo "Response for request #{$requestCount}:\n" . json_encode(json_decode($response->serializeToJsonString()), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT) . "\n";

            if (count($response->getFieldWarnings()) > 0) {
                echo 'Request ingested successfully, but field warnings were returned. '
                    . "Review warning details and update your implementation as needed.\n";
            }
        }
        echo "# of requests sent: {$requestCount}\n";
    } catch (ApiException $e) {
        echo 'Error sending request: ' . $e->getMessage() . "\n";
    } finally {
        $client->close();
    }
}

// Command-line argument parsing
$options = getopt(
    '',
    [
        'operating_account_type:',
        'operating_account_id:',
        'login_account_type::',
        'login_account_id::',
        'linked_account_type::',
        'linked_account_id::',
        'conversion_action_id:',
        'json_file:',
        'validate_only::'
    ]
);

$operatingAccountType = $options['operating_account_type'] ?? null;
$operatingAccountId = $options['operating_account_id'] ?? null;
$conversionActionId = $options['conversion_action_id'] ?? null;
$jsonFile = $options['json_file'] ?? null;

// Only validates requests by default.
$validateOnly = true;
if (array_key_exists('validate_only', $options)) {
    $value = $options['validate_only'];
    // `getopt` with `::` returns boolean `false` if the option is passed without a value.
    if ($value === false || !in_array($value, ['true', 'false'], true)) {
        echo "Error: --validate_only requires a value of 'true' or 'false'.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    $validateOnly = ($value === 'true');
}

if (empty($operatingAccountType) || empty($operatingAccountId) || empty($conversionActionId) || empty($jsonFile)) {
    echo 'Usage: php ingest_events.php ' .
        '--operating_account_type=<account_type> ' .
        '--operating_account_id=<account_id> ' .
        '--conversion_action_id=<conversion_action_id> ' .
        "--json_file=<path_to_json>\n" .
        'Optional: --login_account_type=<account_type> --login_account_id=<account_id> ' .
        '--linked_account_type=<account_type> --linked_account_id=<account_id> ' .
        "--validate_only=<true|false>\n";
    exit(1);
}

// Converts the operating account type string to an AccountType enum.
$parsedOperatingAccountType = AccountType::value($operatingAccountType);

if (isset($options['login_account_type']) != isset($options['login_account_id'])) {
    throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
        'Must specify either both or neither of login account type and login account ID'
    );
}

$parsedLoginAccountType = null;
if (isset($options['login_account_type'])) {
    // Converts the login account type string to an AccountType enum.
    $parsedLoginAccountType = AccountType::value($options['login_account_type']);
}

if (isset($options['linked_account_type']) != isset($options['linked_account_id'])) {
    throw new \InvalidArgumentException(
        'Must specify either both or neither of linked account type and linked account ID'
    );
}

$parsedLinkedAccountType = null;
if (isset($options['linked_account_type'])) {
    // Converts the linked account type string to an AccountType enum.
    $parsedLinkedAccountType = AccountType::value($options['linked_account_type']);
}

main(
    $parsedOperatingAccountType,
    $operatingAccountId,
    $conversionActionId,
    $jsonFile,
    $validateOnly,
    $parsedLoginAccountType,
    $options['login_account_id'] ?? null,
    $parsedLinkedAccountType,
    $options['linked_account_id'] ?? null
);

Python

#!/usr/bin/env python
# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Sample of sending an IngestEventsRequest without encryption."""

import argparse
import json
import logging
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional

from google.ads import datamanager_v1
from google.ads.datamanager_util import Formatter
from google.ads.datamanager_util.format import Encoding
from google.protobuf.timestamp_pb2 import Timestamp

_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# The maximum number of events allowed per request.
_MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST = 10_000


def main(
    operating_account_type: datamanager_v1.ProductAccount.AccountType,
    operating_account_id: str,
    conversion_action_id: str,
    json_file: str,
    validate_only: bool,
    login_account_type: Optional[
        datamanager_v1.ProductAccount.AccountType
    ] = None,
    login_account_id: Optional[str] = None,
    linked_account_type: Optional[
        datamanager_v1.ProductAccount.AccountType
    ] = None,
    linked_account_id: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Runs the sample.
    Args:
     operating_account_type: the account type of the operating account.
     operating_account_id: the ID of the operating account.
     json_file: the JSON file containing event data.
     validate_only: whether to enable validate_only on the request.
     login_account_type: the account type of the login account.
     login_account_id: the ID of the login account.
     linked_account_type: the account type of the linked account.
     linked_account_id: the ID of the linked account.
    """

    # Gets an instance of the formatter.
    formatter: Formatter = Formatter()

    # Reads the input file.
    event_rows: List[Dict[str, Any]] = read_event_data_file(json_file)
    events: List[datamanager_v1.Event] = []
    for event_row in event_rows:
        event = datamanager_v1.Event()
        try:
            event_timestamp = Timestamp()
            event_timestamp.FromJsonString(str(event_row["timestamp"]))
            event.event_timestamp = event_timestamp
        except ValueError:
            _logger.warning(
                "Invalid timestamp format: %s. Skipping row.",
                event_row["timestamp"],
            )
            continue

        if "transactionId" not in event_row:
            _logger.warning("Skipping event with no transaction ID")
            continue
        event.transaction_id = event_row["transactionId"]

        if "eventSource" in event_row:
            event.event_source = event_row["eventSource"]

        if "gclid" in event_row:
            event.ad_identifiers = datamanager_v1.AdIdentifiers(
                gclid=event_row["gclid"]
            )

        if "currency" in event_row:
            event.currency = event_row["currency"]

        if "value" in event_row:
            event.conversion_value = event_row["value"]

        user_data = datamanager_v1.UserData()
        # Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid email address for the event row.
        if "emails" in event_row:
            for email in event_row["emails"]:
                try:
                    processed_email: str = formatter.process_email_address(
                        email, Encoding.HEX
                    )
                    user_data.user_identifiers.append(
                        datamanager_v1.UserIdentifier(
                            email_address=processed_email
                        )
                    )
                except ValueError:
                    # Skips invalid input.
                    _logger.warning(
                        "Invalid email address: %s. Skipping.",
                        event_row["email_address"],
                    )

        # Adds a UserIdentifier for each valid phone number for the event row.
        if "phoneNumbers" in event_row:
            for phone_number in event_row["phoneNumbers"]:
                try:
                    processed_phone: str = formatter.process_phone_number(
                        phone_number, Encoding.HEX
                    )
                    user_data.user_identifiers.append(
                        datamanager_v1.UserIdentifier(
                            phone_number=processed_phone
                        )
                    )
                except ValueError:
                    # Skips invalid input.
                    _logger.warning(
                        "Invalid phone: %s. Skipping.",
                        event_row["phone_number"],
                    )

        if user_data.user_identifiers:
            event.user_data = user_data

        # Adds the event to the list of events to send in the request.
        events.append(event)

    # Configures the destination.
    destination: datamanager_v1.Destination = datamanager_v1.Destination()
    destination.operating_account.account_type = operating_account_type
    destination.operating_account.account_id = operating_account_id
    destination.product_destination_id = str(conversion_action_id)
    if login_account_type or login_account_id:
        if bool(login_account_type) != bool(login_account_id):
            raise ValueError(
                "Must specify either both or neither of login "
                + "account type and login account ID"
            )
        destination.login_account.account_type = login_account_type
        destination.login_account.account_id = login_account_id
    if linked_account_type or linked_account_id:
        if bool(linked_account_type) != bool(linked_account_id):
            raise ValueError(
                "Must specify either both or neither of linked account "
                + "type and linked account ID"
            )
        destination.linked_account.account_type = linked_account_type
        destination.linked_account.account_id = linked_account_id

    # Creates a client for the ingestion service.
    client: datamanager_v1.IngestionServiceClient = (
        datamanager_v1.IngestionServiceClient()
    )

    # Batches requests to send up to the maximum number of events per
    # request.
    request_count = 0
    for i in range(0, len(events), _MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST):
        request_count += 1
        events_batch = events[i : i + _MAX_EVENTS_PER_REQUEST]
        # Sends the request.
        request: datamanager_v1.IngestEventsRequest = (
            datamanager_v1.IngestEventsRequest(
                destinations=[destination],
                # Adds events from the current batch.
                events=events_batch,
                consent=datamanager_v1.Consent(
                    ad_user_data=datamanager_v1.ConsentStatus.CONSENT_GRANTED,
                    ad_personalization=datamanager_v1.ConsentStatus.CONSENT_GRANTED,
                ),
                # Sets encoding to match the encoding used.
                encoding=datamanager_v1.Encoding.HEX,
                # Sets validate_only. If true, then the Data Manager API only
                # validates the request but doesn't apply changes.
                validate_only=validate_only,
            )
        )

        # Sends the request.
        response: datamanager_v1.IngestEventsResponse = client.ingest_events(
            request=request
        )

        # Logs the response.
        _logger.info("Response for request #%d:\n%s", request_count, response)

        if response.field_warnings:
            _logger.warning(
                "Request ingested successfully, but field warnings were returned. "
                "Review warning details and update your implementation as needed."
            )

    _logger.info("# of requests sent: %d", request_count)


def read_event_data_file(json_file: str) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Reads the JSON-formatted event data file.
    Args:
      json_file: the event data file.
    """
    with open(json_file, "r") as f:
        return json.load(f)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    # Configures logging.
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
        description=("Sends events from a JSON file to a destination."),
        fromfile_prefix_chars="@",
    )
    # The following argument(s) should be provided to run the example.
    parser.add_argument(
        "--operating_account_type",
        type=str,
        required=True,
        help="The account type of the operating account.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--operating_account_id",
        type=str,
        required=True,
        help="The ID of the operating account.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--conversion_action_id",
        type=int,
        required=True,
        help="The ID of the conversion action",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--login_account_type",
        type=str,
        required=False,
        help="The account type of the login account.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--login_account_id",
        type=str,
        required=False,
        help="The ID of the login account.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--linked_account_type",
        type=str,
        required=False,
        help="The account type of the linked account.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--linked_account_id",
        type=str,
        required=False,
        help="The ID of the linked account.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--json_file",
        type=str,
        required=True,
        help="JSON file containing user data to ingest.",
    )
    parser.add_argument(
        "--validate_only",
        choices=["true", "false"],
        default="true",
        help="""Whether to enable validate_only on the request. Must be
        'true' or 'false'. Defaults to 'true'.""",
    )
    args = parser.parse_args()

    main(
        args.operating_account_type,
        args.operating_account_id,
        args.conversion_action_id,
        args.json_file,
        args.validate_only == "true",
        args.login_account_type,
        args.login_account_id,
        args.linked_account_type,
        args.linked_account_id,
    )

Réponses de réussite

Une requête réussie renvoie une réponse avec un objet contenant un requestId. Si la validation de certains champs facultatifs a échoué, la réponse inclut également une liste fieldWarnings.

Réponse standard

Voici un exemple de réponse pour une demande d'ingestion réussie sans avertissement :

{
  "requestId": "126365e1-16d0-4c81-9de9-f362711e250a"
}

Réponse avec des avertissements

Voici un exemple de réponse pour une demande d'ingestion réussie contenant un avertissement :

{
  "requestId": "126365e1-16d0-4c81-9de9-f362711e250a",
  "fieldWarnings": [
    {
      "field": "events.events[0].cart_data.items[0].merchant_product_id",
      "description": "The merchant product ID is missing in the cart item.",
      "reason": "WARNING_REASON_CART_DATA_ITEM_MERCHANT_PRODUCT_ID_MISSING"
    }
  ]
}

Enregistrez le requestId renvoyé pour pouvoir récupérer les diagnostics à mesure que chaque destination de la demande est traitée. Vous devez également vérifier si des fieldWarnings sont présents pour vous assurer que les champs facultatifs que vous avez envoyés ont été acceptés. Pour en savoir plus, consultez Avertissements concernant l'ingestion.

Réponses d'échec

Une requête ayant échoué génère un code d'état de réponse d'erreur tel que 400 Bad Request, ainsi qu'une réponse contenant des informations sur l'erreur.

Par exemple, un emailAddress contenant une chaîne de texte brut au lieu d'une valeur encodée en hexadécimal produit la réponse suivante :

{
  "error": {
    "code": 400,
    "message": "There was a problem with the request.",
    "status": "INVALID_ARGUMENT",
    "details": [
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.ErrorInfo",
        "reason": "INVALID_ARGUMENT",
        "domain": "datamanager.googleapis.com"
      },
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.BadRequest",
        "fieldViolations": [
          {
            "field": "events.events[0].user_data.user_identifiers",
            "description": "Email is not hex encoded.",
            "reason": "INVALID_HEX_ENCODING"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Un emailAddress non haché et uniquement encodé en hexadécimal produit la réponse suivante :

{
  "error": {
    "code": 400,
    "message": "There was a problem with the request.",
    "status": "INVALID_ARGUMENT",
    "details": [
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.ErrorInfo",
        "reason": "INVALID_ARGUMENT",
        "domain": "datamanager.googleapis.com"
      },
      {
        "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.rpc.BadRequest",
        "fieldViolations": [
          {
            "field": "events.events[0]",
            "reason": "INVALID_SHA256_FORMAT"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}

Envoyer des événements pour plusieurs destinations

Si vos données contiennent des événements pour différentes destinations, vous pouvez les envoyer dans la même requête en utilisant des références de destination. Pour connaître le nombre maximal de destinations par requête, consultez Limites et quotas.

Par exemple, si vous avez un événement pour l'identifiant de l'action de conversion 123456789 et un autre pour l'identifiant de l'action de conversion 777111122, envoyez les deux événements dans une seule requête en définissant le reference de chaque Destination. reference est défini par l'utilisateur. La seule exigence est que chaque Destination possède un reference unique. Voici la liste destinations modifiée pour la demande :

  "destinations": [
    {
      "operatingAccount": {
        "accountType": "OPERATING_ACCOUNT_TYPE",
        "accountId": "OPERATING_ACCOUNT_ID"
      },
      "loginAccount": {
        "accountType": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_TYPE",
        "accountId": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_ID"
      },
      "productDestinationId": "123456789",
      "reference": "destination_a"
    },
    {
      "operatingAccount": {
        "accountType": "OPERATING_ACCOUNT_2_TYPE",
        "accountId": "OPERATING_ACCOUNT_2_ID"
      },
      "loginAccount": {
        "accountType": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_2_TYPE",
        "accountId": "LOGIN_ACCOUNT_2_ID"
      },
      "productDestinationId": "777111122",
      "reference": "destination_b"
    }
  ]

Définissez le destinationReferences de chaque Event pour l'envoyer à une ou plusieurs destinations spécifiques. Par exemple, voici un Event qui ne concerne que le premier Destination. Sa liste destinationReferences ne contient donc que le reference du premier Destination :

{
   "adIdentifiers": {
      "gclid": "GCLID_1"
   },
   "conversionValue": 1.99,
   "currency": "USD",
   "eventTimestamp": "2025-06-10T20:07:01Z",
   "transactionId": "ABC798654321",
   "eventSource": "WEB",
   "destinationReferences": [
      "destination_a"
   ]
}

Le champ destinationReferences est une liste. Vous pouvez donc spécifier plusieurs destinations pour un événement. Si vous ne définissez pas le destinationReferences d'un Event, l'API Data Manager envoie l'événement à toutes les destinations de la requête.

Si un événement comporte plusieurs destinations, l'API Data Manager envoie les champs concernés à chaque destination. Par exemple, si un événement a une destination Google Ads et une destination Google Analytics, l'API inclut des champs Google Analytics tels que clientId, appInstanceId ou eventName lors de l'envoi de l'événement à la destination Google Analytics, et inclut des champs Google Ads tels que customVariables lors de l'envoi de l'événement à la destination Google Ads.

Étapes suivantes