对话型 Action 已于 2023 年 6 月 13 日弃用。如需了解详情，请参阅对话型 Action 停用。

Google 会使用 AI 技术将内容翻译成您偏好的语言。AI 翻译可能包含错误。

推送通知 (Dialogflow)

你的 Action 可以适时向用户推送通知，例如发送在任务的截止日期临近时发送提醒。

在本指南中，我们将使用 Actions on Google 提示示例作为参考，向您展示如何为 Action 设置推送通知。当用户调用此 Action 时，它会询问他们是否要听到提示如何开发自己的 Action。用户可以为小费选择一个具体类别或随机选择类别，也可以选择收听最新提示。

支持的表面

推送通知适用于 Android 和 iOS 设备（iOS 设备必须已安装 Google 助理应用以接收推送通知）。它们不是目前支持声控音箱、智能显示屏或其他平台。

前提条件

您的 Actions 项目中必须至少有一个操作配置为触发 intent，当用户点按从 Google 助理。

您无法将 Action 配置为从推送通知触发默认欢迎 intent。

控制台设置

如需向 Action 添加对推送通知的支持，请执行以下操作：

前往 Actions 控制台并浏览到构建 >操作。
点击与您要匹配的其他触发 intent 匹配的操作启用推送通知。

对于 Actions on Google 提示示例，您需要选择“tell_latest_tip”。
向下滚动到用户互动部分，然后开启 你想发送推送通知吗。
输入内容标题。

对于 Actions on Google 提示示例，标题可能是“添加了新提示”。
点击保存。

导入

在后面的部分中，您需要在执行方式代码中需要声明以下导入：

</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">

</ph>

Dialogflow

const {
  dialogflow,
  UpdatePermission,
  Suggestions,
} = require('actions-on-google');index.js

Actions SDK

const {
  actionssdk,
  UpdatePermission,
  Suggestions,
} = require('actions-on-google');index.js

选择订阅的用户

您必须先请求用户选择接收，然后才能向用户发送推送通知。为此，您可以向他们显示建议内容信息卡，请求他们授予权限。他们授予权限后，您会收到要发送的更新用户 ID 向该用户发送推送通知

显示选择启用的建议内容信息卡

您必须向用户显示邀请用户选择接收推送通知的建议内容信息卡。

以下代码段向用户发送“有新提示的提醒我”建议条状标签。

</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">

</ph>

Dialogflow Node.js

conv.ask('I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?');
conv.ask(new Suggestions('Send notifications'));index.js

Actions SDK Node.js

conv.ask(' I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?');
conv.ask(new Suggestions('Send notifications'));index.js

Dialogflow Java

responseBuilder
    .add("I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?")
    .addSuggestions(new String[] {
        "Send notifications"
    });MyActionsApp.java

Actions SDK Java

responseBuilder
    .add("I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?")
    .addSuggestions(new String[] {
        "Send notifications"
    });MyActionsApp.java

Dialogflow JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述的是 webhook 响应。

{
  "payload": {
    "google": {
      "expectUserResponse": true,
      "richResponse": {
        "items": [
          {
            "simpleResponse": {
              "textToSpeech": "Hi! Welcome to Push Notifications!"
            }
          },
          {
            "simpleResponse": {
              "textToSpeech": "I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?"
            }
          }
        ],
        "suggestions": [
          {
            "title": "Send notifications"
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

Actions SDK JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述的是 webhook 响应。

{
  "expectUserResponse": true,
  "expectedInputs": [
    {
      "possibleIntents": [
        {
          "intent": "actions.intent.TEXT"
        }
      ],
      "inputPrompt": {
        "richInitialPrompt": {
          "items": [
            {
              "simpleResponse": {
                "textToSpeech": "Hi! Welcome to Push Notifications!"
              }
            },
            {
              "simpleResponse": {
                "textToSpeech": " I can send you push notifications. Would you like that?"
              }
            }
          ],
          "suggestions": [
            {
              "title": "Send notifications"
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  ]
}

孩子点按条状标签后，你必须请求UPDATE权限。以下代码展示了如何使用 askForUpdatePermission 执行此操作。函数。

</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">

</ph>

Dialogflow Node.js

在 Dialogflow 控制台中打开您的代理，然后选择要配置为进行更新的意图。
向下滚动到响应 (Response) 并打开 Google 助理标签页。
点击添加邮件内容，然后选择建议内容信息条。
将条状标签文本设置为邀请用户选择的内容。在 Actions on Google 提示示例，我们将条状标签设置为有新提示时提醒我。
添加另一个 Dialogflow intent，例如 setup_push，并设置相应的操作，例如 setup.push。此 intent 的用户表述必须与“选择启用”条状标签的文本匹配， 有新提示时请提醒我。

。以下代码段展示了如何使用 Action 请求权限适用于 Node.js 版 Google 客户端库：

app.intent('Subscribe to Notifications', (conv) => {
  conv.ask(new UpdatePermission({
    intent: 'Notification',
  }));
});index.js

Actions SDK Node.js

您应该将 NLU 解决方案配置为触发一个函数，要求权限（如果用户表述与推送通知的值匹配）选择启用提示。下面是一个基于字符串匹配的最基本示例：

conv.ask(new UpdatePermission({
  intent: 'Notification',
}));index.js

Dialogflow Java

在 Dialogflow 控制台中打开您的代理，然后选择要配置为进行更新的意图。
向下滚动到响应 (Response) 并打开 Google 助理标签页。
点击添加邮件内容，然后选择建议内容信息条。
将条状标签文本设置为邀请用户选择的内容。在 Actions on Google 提示示例，我们将条状标签设置为有新提示时提醒我。
添加另一个 Dialogflow intent，例如 setup_push，并设置相应的操作，例如 setup.push。此 intent 的用户表述必须与“选择启用”条状标签的文本匹配， 有新提示时请提醒我。

。以下代码段展示了如何使用 Action 请求权限：

@ForIntent("Subscribe to Notifications")
public ActionResponse subscribeToNotifications(ActionRequest request) {
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  responseBuilder.add(new UpdatePermission().setIntent("Notification"));
  return responseBuilder.build();
}MyActionsApp.java

Actions SDK Java

您应该将 NLU 解决方案配置为触发一个函数，要求权限（如果用户表述与推送通知的值匹配）选择启用提示。下面是一个基于字符串匹配的最基本示例：

ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
responseBuilder.add(new UpdatePermission().setIntent("Notification"));
return responseBuilder.build();MyActionsApp.java

Dialogflow JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述了使用 Dialogflow 的 webhook 响应。

{
  "payload": {
    "google": {
      "expectUserResponse": true,
      "systemIntent": {
        "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
        "data": {
          "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.PermissionValueSpec",
          "permissions": [
            "UPDATE"
          ],
          "updatePermissionValueSpec": {
            "intent": "tell_latest_tip"
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Actions SDK JSON

请注意，以下 JSON 描述了使用 Actions SDK 的网络钩子响应。

{
  "expectUserResponse": true,
  "expectedInputs": [
    {
      "possibleIntents": [
        {
          "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
          "inputValueData": {
            "@type": "type.googleapis.com/google.actions.v2.PermissionValueSpec",
            "permissions": [
              "UPDATE"
            ],
            "updatePermissionValueSpec": {
              "intent": "tell_latest_tip"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

完成订阅

要从 Node.js webhook 完成订阅，您需要保存用户的通知 ID 以及他们选择的 intent。两者均作为参数。

如果您的 Action 是使用 Dialogflow 构建的，您需要执行以下操作：

添加用于处理 actions_intent_PERMISSION 的 intent。
将 intent 的 Action 名称指定为网络钩子可以执行的名称以供日后查看

以下代码显示了如何使用 intent 处理 Dialogflow intent 名称为 finish_push_setup，操作名称为 finish.push.setup：

</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">

</ph>

Dialogflow Node.js

app.intent('Confirm Notifications Subscription', (conv) => {
  if (conv.arguments.get('PERMISSION')) {
    const updatesUserId = conv.arguments.get('UPDATES_USER_ID');
    // Store user ID in database for later use
    conv.close(`Ok, I'll start alerting you.`);
  } else {
    conv.close(`Ok, I won't alert you.`);
  }
});index.js

Actions SDK Node.js

app.intent('actions.intent.PERMISSION', (conv) => {
  if (conv.arguments.get('PERMISSION')) {
    const updatesUserId = conv.arguments.get('UPDATES_USER_ID');
    // Store user ID in database for later use
    conv.close(`Ok, I'll start alerting you.`);
  } else {
    conv.close(`Ok, I won't alert you.`);
  }
});index.js

Dialogflow Java

@ForIntent("Confirm Notifications Subscription")
public ActionResponse confirmNotificationsSubscription(ActionRequest request) {
  // Verify the user has subscribed for push notifications
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isPermissionGranted()) {
    Argument userId = request.getArgument(ConstantsKt.ARG_UPDATES_USER_ID);
    if (userId != null) {
      // Store the user's ID in the database
    }
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I'll start alerting you.");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I won't alert you.");
  }
  responseBuilder.endConversation();
  return responseBuilder.build();
}MyActionsApp.java

Actions SDK Java

@ForIntent("actions.intent.PERMISSION")
public ActionResponse confirmNotificationsSubscription(ActionRequest request) {
  // Verify the user has subscribed for push notifications
  ResponseBuilder responseBuilder = getResponseBuilder(request);
  if (request.isPermissionGranted()) {
    Argument userId = request.getArgument(ConstantsKt.ARG_UPDATES_USER_ID);
    if (userId != null) {
      // Store the user's ID in the database
    }
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I'll start alerting you.");
  } else {
    responseBuilder.add("Ok, I won't alert you.");
  }
  responseBuilder.endConversation();
  return responseBuilder.build();
}MyActionsApp.java

Dialogflow JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述了对 webhook 的请求。

{
  "responseId": "ee9e7ed5-fa1a-48c6-aac7-f9fbe94f1f58-712767ed",
  "queryResult": {
    "queryText": "actions_intent_PERMISSION",
    "action": "confirm.subscription",
    "parameters": {},
    "allRequiredParamsPresent": true,
    "fulfillmentMessages": [
      {
        "text": {
          "text": [
            ""
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "outputContexts": [
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_screen_output"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_account_linking"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_media_response_audio"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_audio_output"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_capability_web_browser"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/google_assistant_input_type_keyboard"
      },
      {
        "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k/contexts/actions_intent_permission",
        "parameters": {
          "PERMISSION": true,
          "text": "yes",
          "UPDATES_USER_ID": "ABwppHHssyPbvEBF1mgN7Ddwb7mkhiVohW9PZ--I_svqy7zFElA4DHkf9pn04UBd5gwZo26_RfXCQ8otcztyIfe6MCQ"
        }
      }
    ],
    "intent": {
      "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/intents/c7f7b30b-5b88-4bb5-b0b8-1cd0862d1dd2",
      "displayName": "Confirm Notifications Subscription"
    },
    "intentDetectionConfidence": 1,
    "languageCode": "en"
  },
  "originalDetectIntentRequest": {
    "source": "google",
    "version": "2",
    "payload": {
      "user": {
        "permissions": [
          "UPDATE"
        ],
        "locale": "en-US",
        "userVerificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
      },
      "conversation": {
        "conversationId": "ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k",
        "type": "ACTIVE",
        "conversationToken": "[]"
      },
      "inputs": [
        {
          "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
          "rawInputs": [
            {
              "inputType": "KEYBOARD",
              "query": "yes"
            }
          ],
          "arguments": [
            {
              "name": "PERMISSION",
              "boolValue": true,
              "textValue": "true"
            },
            {
              "name": "text",
              "rawText": "yes",
              "textValue": "yes"
            },
            {
              "name": "UPDATES_USER_ID",
              "textValue": "ABwppHHssyPbvEBF1mgN7Ddwb7mkhiVohW9PZ--I_svqy7zFElA4DHkf9pn04UBd5gwZo26_RfXCQ8otcztyIfe6MCQ"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "surface": {
        "capabilities": [
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.ACCOUNT_LINKING"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
          },
          {
            "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
          }
        ]
      },
      "availableSurfaces": [
        {
          "capabilities": [
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
            },
            {
              "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
            }
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "session": "projects/PROJECT_ID/agent/sessions/ABwppHGIgmmU3zBcYMF_vWoHaM4JUo3wniYBHdbUF25l63G7EQWjRnlne8Ar7AOcRHWn1lrEKGy8qdP0UXLcWDBq93k"
}

Actions SDK JSON

请注意，下面的 JSON 描述了对 webhook 的请求。

{
  "user": {
    "permissions": [
      "UPDATE"
    ],
    "locale": "en-US",
    "userVerificationStatus": "VERIFIED"
  },
  "conversation": {
    "conversationId": "ABwppHEP6OAFZHkSGEiZ5HYM9qrlk8YtIH1DQmJ52cxXELSPvM-kSc_tMJ_5O6ITbgVJlY9i2FIsKWjE_HXLke48",
    "type": "NEW"
  },
  "inputs": [
    {
      "intent": "actions.intent.PERMISSION",
      "rawInputs": [
        {
          "inputType": "KEYBOARD",
          "query": "yes"
        }
      ],
      "arguments": [
        {
          "name": "PERMISSION",
          "boolValue": true,
          "textValue": "true"
        },
        {
          "name": "text",
          "rawText": "yes",
          "textValue": "yes"
        },
        {
          "name": "UPDATES_USER_ID",
          "textValue": "ABwppHFvBKC-tMYUsUjJkm3YECgZvd6A3sOc7KuQvO4ZdQX3bGLmyoQ41dh4Zmtlzv_kaOKBt1Sf6eRpNbayynrl"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "surface": {
    "capabilities": [
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.ACCOUNT_LINKING"
      },
      {
        "name": "actions.capability.MEDIA_RESPONSE_AUDIO"
      }
    ]
  },
  "availableSurfaces": [
    {
      "capabilities": [
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.AUDIO_OUTPUT"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.SCREEN_OUTPUT"
        },
        {
          "name": "actions.capability.WEB_BROWSER"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

发送通知

您可以使用 Actions API 向用户发送推送通知。要使用此 API，您需要在 Google Cloud 项目中激活该 API，然后设置和下载 JSON 服务账号密钥。请参阅此处代码示例说明中的第 8 步。

然后，您可以使用 Google OAuth2 客户端库交换服务账号密钥获取访问令牌，然后使用该令牌对向 Actions API 发出的请求进行身份验证。

获取服务账号密钥

转到此网址（将“example-project-1”）并在末尾添加您的项目 ID 在 Actions 控制台中执行以下操作： https://console.developers.google.com/apis/api/actions.googleapis.com/overview?project=example-project-1
如果您看到启用按钮，请点击该按钮。否则，请继续执行第 3 步。
转到此网址（将“example-project-1”）并在末尾添加您的项目 ID 在 Actions 控制台中执行以下操作： https://console.developers.google.com/apis/credentials?project=example-project-1
点击创建凭据 >服务账号密钥。
点击服务账号下的选择框，然后点击新服务账号。
为服务账号命名（例如“通知”）以及以下角色的 Role： Project Owner。
选择 JSON 密钥类型，然后点击创建。JSON 服务账号密钥是下载到本地计算机

用密钥交换访问令牌并发送通知

要通过 Actions API 发送通知，您需要访问令牌的服务账号密钥。我们建议使用 Google API 客户端库。在随后的一系列代码段中，我们将使用 Google API Node.js 客户端库。

安装 Google API 客户端库并请求： npm install googleapis request --save
使用以下代码从服务账号密钥获取访问令牌并发送推送通知：

。 <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">

</ph> <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">

</ph>

Dialogflow Node.js

const {google} = require('googleapis');
const request = require('request');

const jwtClient = new google.auth.JWT(
  serviceAccount.client_email, null, serviceAccount.private_key,
  ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'],
  null
);

jwtClient.authorize((err, tokens) => {
  if (!err) {
    request.post('https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send', {
      auth: {
        bearer: tokens.access_token,
      },
      json: true,
      body: {
        customPushMessage: {
          userNotification: {
            title: 'Push Notification Title',
          },
          target: {
            userId: '<UPDATES_USER_ID>',
            intent: 'Notification Intent',
          },
        },
        isInSandbox: true,
      },
    }, (err, httpResponse, body) => {
      console.log(`${httpResponse.statusCode}: ${httpResponse.statusMessage}`);
    });
  }
});index.js

Actions SDK Node.js

const {google} = require('googleapis');
const request = require('request');

const jwtClient = new google.auth.JWT(
  serviceAccount.client_email, null, serviceAccount.private_key,
  ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation'],
  null
);

jwtClient.authorize((err, tokens) => {
  if (!err) {
    request.post('https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send', {
      auth: {
        bearer: tokens.access_token,
      },
      json: true,
      body: {
        customPushMessage: {
          userNotification: {
            title: 'Push Notification Title',
          },
          target: {
            userId: '<UPDATES_ORDER_ID>',
            intent: 'Notification Intent',
          },
        },
        isInSandbox: true,
      },
    }, (err, httpResponse, body) => {
      console.log(`${httpResponse.statusCode}: ${httpResponse.statusMessage}`);
    });
  }
});index.js

Dialogflow Java

final class Notification {

  private final String title;

  Notification(String title) {
    this.title = title;
  }

  String getTitle() {
    return title;
  }
}

final class Target {

  private final String userId;
  private final String intent;
  private final String locale;

  Target(String userId, String intent, String locale) {
    this.userId = userId;
    this.intent = intent;
    this.locale = locale;
  }

  String getUserId() {
    return userId;
  }

  String getIntent() {
    return intent;
  }

  String getLocale() {
    return locale;
  }
}

final class PushMessage {

  private final Notification userNotification;
  private final Target target;

  PushMessage(Notification userNotification, Target target) {
    this.userNotification = userNotification;
    this.target = target;
  }

  Notification getUserNotification() {
    return userNotification;
  }

  Target getTarget() {
    return target;
  }
}

final class PushNotification {

  private final PushMessage customPushMessage;
  private boolean isInSandbox;

  PushNotification(PushMessage customPushMessage, boolean isInSandbox) {
    this.customPushMessage = customPushMessage;
    this.isInSandbox = isInSandbox;
  }

  PushMessage getCustomPushMessage() {
    return customPushMessage;
  }

  boolean getIsInSandbox() {
    return isInSandbox;
  }
}

private PushNotification createNotification(String title, String userId, String intent, String locale) {
  Notification notification = new Notification(title);
  Target target = new Target(userId, intent, locale);
  PushMessage message = new PushMessage(notification, target);
  boolean isInSandbox = true;
  return new PushNotification(message, isInSandbox);
}

private ServiceAccountCredentials loadCredentials() throws IOException {
  String actionsApiServiceAccountFile =
      this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("service-account.json").getFile();
  InputStream actionsApiServiceAccount = new FileInputStream(actionsApiServiceAccountFile);
  ServiceAccountCredentials serviceAccountCredentials =
      ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(actionsApiServiceAccount);
  return (ServiceAccountCredentials)
      serviceAccountCredentials.createScoped(
          Collections.singleton(
              "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
}

private String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
  AccessToken token = loadCredentials().refreshAccessToken();
  return token.getTokenValue();
}

public void sendNotification(String title, String userId, String intent, String locale) throws IOException {
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(title, "title cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(userId, "userId cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "intent cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(locale, "locale cannot be null");
  PushNotification notification = createNotification(title, userId, intent, locale);

  HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send");

  String token = getAccessToken();

  request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
  request.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);

  StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(notification));
  entity.setContentType(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
  request.setEntity(entity);
  HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
  httpClient.execute(request);
}NotificationSender.java

Actions SDK Java

final class Notification {

  private final String title;

  Notification(String title) {
    this.title = title;
  }

  String getTitle() {
    return title;
  }
}

final class Target {

  private final String userId;
  private final String intent;

  Target(String userId, String intent) {
    this.userId = userId;
    this.intent = intent;
  }

  String getUserId() {
    return userId;
  }

  String getIntent() {
    return intent;
  }
}

final class PushMessage {

  private final Notification userNotification;
  private final Target target;

  PushMessage(Notification userNotification, Target target) {
    this.userNotification = userNotification;
    this.target = target;
  }

  Notification getUserNotification() {
    return userNotification;
  }

  Target getTarget() {
    return target;
  }
}

final class PushNotification {

  private final PushMessage customPushMessage;
  private boolean isInSandbox;

  PushNotification(PushMessage customPushMessage, boolean isInSandbox) {
    this.customPushMessage = customPushMessage;
    this.isInSandbox = isInSandbox;
  }

  PushMessage getCustomPushMessage() {
    return customPushMessage;
  }

  boolean getIsInSandbox() {
    return isInSandbox;
  }
}

private PushNotification createNotification(String title, String userId, String intent) {
  Notification notification = new Notification(title);
  Target target = new Target(userId, intent);
  PushMessage message = new PushMessage(notification, target);
  boolean isInSandbox = true;
  return new PushNotification(message, isInSandbox);
}

private ServiceAccountCredentials loadCredentials() throws IOException {
  String actionsApiServiceAccountFile =
      this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("service-account.json").getFile();
  InputStream actionsApiServiceAccount = new FileInputStream(actionsApiServiceAccountFile);
  ServiceAccountCredentials serviceAccountCredentials =
      ServiceAccountCredentials.fromStream(actionsApiServiceAccount);
  return (ServiceAccountCredentials)
      serviceAccountCredentials.createScoped(
          Collections.singleton(
              "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/actions.fulfillment.conversation"));
}

private String getAccessToken() throws IOException {
  AccessToken token = loadCredentials().refreshAccessToken();
  return token.getTokenValue();
}

public void sendNotification(String title, String userId, String intent) throws IOException {
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(title, "title cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(userId, "userId cannot be null.");
  Preconditions.checkNotNull(intent, "intent cannot be null.");
  PushNotification notification = createNotification(title, userId, intent);

  HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://actions.googleapis.com/v2/conversations:send");

  String token = getAccessToken();

  request.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
  request.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);

  StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(notification));
  entity.setContentType(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
  request.setEntity(entity);
  HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
  httpClient.execute(request);
}NotificationSender.java

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