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Vinculación de Cuentas de Google con OAuth

Las cuentas se vinculan mediante los flujos implícitos y de código de autorización de OAuth 2.0 estándar de la industria. Tu servicio debe ser compatible con los extremos de autorización y intercambio de tokens que cumplan con OAuth 2.0.

En el flujo implícito, Google abre el extremo de autorización en el navegador del usuario. Después de que el acceso sea exitoso, se muestra un token de acceso de larga duración a Google. Este token de acceso ahora se incluye en cada solicitud enviada desde Google.

En el flujo de código de autorización, necesitas dos extremos:

El extremo de autorización, que presenta la IU de acceso a los usuarios que aún no accedieron. El extremo de autorización también crea un código de autorización de corta duración para registrar el acceso solicitado por los usuarios.
El extremo de intercambio de tokens, que es responsable de dos tipos de intercambios:
1. Intercambia un código de autorización por un token de actualización de larga duración y un token de acceso de corta duración. Este intercambio se produce cuando el usuario pasa por el flujo de vinculación de cuentas.
2. Intercambia un token de actualización de larga duración por un token de acceso de corta duración. Este intercambio se produce cuando Google necesita un nuevo token de acceso porque venció.

Elige un flujo de OAuth 2.0

Aunque el flujo implícito es más fácil de implementar, Google recomienda que los tokens de acceso emitidos por el flujo implícito nunca venzan. Esto se debe a que el usuario se ve obligado a vincular su cuenta de nuevo después de que un token caduque con el flujo implícito. Si necesitas el vencimiento del token por razones de seguridad, te recomendamos que uses el flujo de código de autorización en su lugar.

Pautas de diseño

En esta sección, se describen los requisitos de diseño y las recomendaciones para la pantalla del usuario que alojas en los flujos de vinculación de OAuth. Una vez que la app la llama, tu plataforma le muestra al usuario un acceso a la página de Google y a la pantalla de consentimiento de vinculación de la cuenta. Cuando el usuario da su consentimiento para vincular las cuentas, se lo redirige a la app de Google.

En esta figura, se muestran los pasos para que un usuario vincule su Cuenta de Google a tu sistema de autenticación. La primera captura de pantalla muestra vínculos iniciados por el usuario desde tu plataforma. En la segunda, se muestra el acceso del usuario a Google, mientras que la tercera muestra el consentimiento y la confirmación para vincular su Cuenta de Google con tu app. En la última captura de pantalla, se muestra una cuenta de usuario vinculada correctamente en Google app. — **Figura 1:** Cuenta de vinculación de usuarios que accede a Google y a las pantallas de consentimiento.

Requisitos

Debes comunicar que la cuenta del usuario se vinculará a Google, no a un producto de Google específico, como Google Home o el Asistente de Google.

Recomendaciones

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

Go to the Google API Console.
Haz clic en Crear proyecto .
Ingrese un nombre o acepte la sugerencia generada.
Confirme o edite los campos restantes.
Haz clic en Crear .

Para ver su ID de proyecto:

Go to the Google API Console.
Encuentra tu proyecto en la tabla de la página de inicio. El ID del proyecto aparece en la columna ID .

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
If prompted, select the project you just created.
On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery
Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

Implementa tu servidor OAuth

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Handle authorization requests

When you need to perform account linking using the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

Authorization endpoint parameters
`client_id`	The Client ID you assigned to Google.
`redirect_uri`	The URL to which you send the response to this request.
`state`	A bookkeeping value that is passed back to Google unchanged in the redirect URI.
`scope`	Optional: A space-delimited set of scope strings that specify the data Google is requesting authorization for.
`response_type`	The type of value to return in the response. For the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, the response type is always `code`.
`user_locale`	The Google Account language setting in RFC5646 format, used to localize your content in the user's preferred language.

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&scope=REQUESTED_SCOPES&response_type=code&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

Verify that the client_id matches the Client ID you assigned to Google, and that the redirect_uri matches the redirect URL provided by Google for your service. These checks are important to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps. If you support multiple OAuth 2.0 flows, also confirm that the response_type is code.
Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.
Generate an authorization code for Google to use to access your API. The authorization code can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user, the client the token is for, and the code's expiration time, and it must not be guessable. You typically issue authorization codes that expire after approximately 10 minutes.

Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

  https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
  https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID

Redirect the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include the authorization code you just generated and the original, unmodified state value when you redirect by appending the code and state parameters. The following is an example of the resulting URL:
```
https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID?code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&state=STATE_STRING
```

Handle token exchange requests

Your service's token exchange endpoint is responsible for two kinds of token exchanges:

Exchange authorization codes for access tokens and refresh tokens
Exchange refresh tokens for access tokens

Token exchange requests include the following parameters:

Token exchange endpoint parameters
`client_id`	A string that identifies the request origin as Google. This string must be registered within your system as Google's unique identifier.
`client_secret`	A secret string that you registered with Google for your service.
`grant_type`	The type of token being exchanged. It's either `authorization_code` or `refresh_token`.
`code`	When `grant_type=authorization_code`, this parameter is the code Google received from either your sign-in or token exchange endpoint.
`redirect_uri`	When `grant_type=authorization_code`, this parameter is the URL used in the initial authorization request.
`refresh_token`	When `grant_type=refresh_token`, this parameter is the refresh token Google received from your token exchange endpoint.

Exchange authorization codes for access tokens and refresh tokens

After the user signs in and your authorization endpoint returns a short-lived authorization code to Google, Google sends a request to your token exchange endpoint to exchange the authorization code for an access token and a refresh token.

For these requests, the value of grant_type is authorization_code, and the value of code is the value of the authorization code you previously granted to Google. The following is an example of a request to exchange an authorization code for an access token and a refresh token:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET&grant_type=authorization_code&code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI

To exchange authorization codes for an access token and a refresh token, your token exchange endpoint responds to POST requests by executing the following steps:

Verify that the client_id identifies the request origin as an authorized origin, and that the client_secret matches the expected value.
Verify that the authorization code is valid and not expired, and that the client ID specified in the request matches the client ID associated with the authorization code.
Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter is identical to the value used in the initial authorization request.
If you can't verify all of the above criteria, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request error with {"error": "invalid_grant"} as the body.
Otherwise, use the user ID from the authorization code to generate a refresh token and an access token. These tokens can be any string value, but they must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for, and they must not be guessable. For access tokens, also record the expiration time of the token, which is typically an hour after you issue the token. Refresh tokens don't expire.

Return the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

{
"token_type": "Bearer",
"access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
"refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
"expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Google stores the access token and the refresh token for the user and records the expiration of the access token. When the access token expires, Google uses the refresh token to get a new access token from your token exchange endpoint.

Exchange refresh tokens for access tokens

When an access token expires, Google sends a request to your token exchange endpoint to exchange a refresh token for a new access token.

For these requests, the value of grant_type is refresh_token, and the value of refresh_token is the value of the refresh token you previously granted to Google. The following is an example of a request to exchange a refresh token for an access token:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN

To exchange a refresh token for an access token, your token exchange endpoint responds to POST requests by executing the following steps:

Verify that the client_id identifies the request origin as Google, and that the client_secret matches the expected value.
Verify that the refresh token is valid, and that the client ID specified in the request matches the client ID associated with the refresh token.
If you can't verify all of the above criteria, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request error with {"error": "invalid_grant"} as the body.
Otherwise, use the user ID from the refresh token to generate an access token. These tokens can be any string value, but they must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for, and they must not be guessable. For access tokens, also record the expiration time of the token, typically an hour after you issue the token.

Return the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

{
"token_type": "Bearer",
"access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
"expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Controla las solicitudes userinfo

El extremo userinfo es un recurso protegido de OAuth 2.0 que muestra reclamos sobre el usuario vinculado. La implementación y el alojamiento del extremo userinfo son opcionales, excepto en los siguientes casos de uso:

Acceso a la cuenta vinculada con Google One Tap.
Suscripción sin inconvenientes en Android TV.

Una vez que el token de acceso se recupera correctamente del extremo del token, Google envía una solicitud al extremo userinfo para recuperar la información básica de perfil del usuario vinculado.

Encabezados de la solicitud del extremo userinfo
`Authorization header`	El token de acceso del tipo portador.

Por ejemplo, si el extremo userinfo está disponible en https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, una solicitud podría verse de la siguiente manera:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Para que tu extremo userinfo controle las solicitudes, sigue estos pasos:

Extrae el token de acceso del encabezado de autorización y muestra la información del usuario asociada con el token de acceso.
Si el token de acceso no es válido, muestra un error HTTP 401 No autorizado con el encabezado de respuesta WWW-Authenticate. A continuación, se muestra un ejemplo de una respuesta de error de userinfo:
```
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
error_description="The Access Token expired"
```
Si se muestra una respuesta de error 401 No autorizado o cualquier otra respuesta de error no exitosa durante el proceso de vinculación, el error no se podrá recuperar, el token recuperado se descartará y el usuario deberá volver a iniciar el proceso de vinculación.

Si el token de acceso es válido, devuelve una respuesta HTTP 200 con el siguiente objeto JSON en el cuerpo del protocolo HTTPS respuesta:

{
"sub": "USER_UUID",
"email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
"given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
"family_name": "LAST_NAME",
"name": "FULL_NAME",
"picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
}

Si el extremo userinfo muestra una respuesta exitosa HTTP 200, el token y las reclamaciones recuperados se registran con la Cuenta de Google del usuario.

respuesta del extremo userinfo
`sub`	Un ID único que identifica al usuario en tu sistema.
`email`	Dirección de correo electrónico del usuario.
`given_name`	Opcional: Es el nombre del usuario.
`family_name`	Opcional: Apellido del usuario.
`name`	Opcional: Es el nombre completo del usuario.
`picture`	Opcional: Foto de perfil del usuario.

Cómo validar la implementación

You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.

In the tool, do the following steps:

Click Configuration to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.

You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.

In the tool, do the following steps:

Click the Sign-in with Google button.
Choose the account you'd like to link.
Enter the service ID.
Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
Click Start Demo.
When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.