OAuth による Google アカウントのリンク

アカウントは、業界標準の OAuth 2.0 認可コードフローを使用してリンクされます。

エージェント向けの OAuth 2.1 と PKCE

ステートレス AI エージェントとマルチモーダル パイプラインには、OAuth 2.1 の適用をおすすめします。

• PKCE（Proof Key for Code Exchange）: 認可コードフローを保護し、傍受攻撃を防ぐために使用する必要があります。
• 暗黙的フローなし: 暗黙的フローでは、アクセス トークンが URL に公開されるため、エージェント環境でセキュリティ リスクが生じます。

サービスは、OAuth 2.0/2.1 準拠の認可エンドポイントとトークン 交換エンドポイントをサポートする必要があります。

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Click Create project.
3. Enter a name or accept the generated suggestion.
4. Confirm or edit any remaining fields.
5. Click Create.

To view your project ID:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Find your project in the table on the landing page. The project ID appears in the ID column.

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

OAuth サーバーを実装する

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

Google Account Linking: OAuth Authorization Code Flow

The following sequence diagram details interactions between the User, Google, and your service's endpoints.

Roles and responsibilities

The following table defines the roles and responsibilities of the actors in the Google Account Linking (GAL) OAuth flow. Note that in GAL, Google acts as the OAuth Client, while your service acts as the Identity/Service Provider.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
2. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
3. Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
4. Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
5. After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Implementation Recipe

Follow these steps to implement the Authorization Code flow.

Step 1: Handle authorization requests

When Google initiates account linking, it redirects the user to your authorization endpoint. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Authorization Endpoint.

To handle the request, perform the following actions:

1. Validate the request:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the Client ID assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the redirect_uri matches the expected Google redirect URL:
     • Prod: https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     • Sandbox: https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
   • Verify that response_type is code.

2. Authenticate the user:

   • Check if the user is signed in to your service.
   • If the user is not signed in, prompt them to complete your sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate authorization code:

   • Create a unique, non-guessable authorization code associated with the user and client.
   • Set the code to expire in approximately 10 minutes.

4. Redirect back to Google:

   • Redirect the browser to the URL provided in redirect_uri.
   • Append the following query parameters:
     • code: The authorization code you generated.
     • state: The unmodified state value received from Google.

Step 2: Handle token exchange requests

Your token exchange endpoint processes two types of requests: exchanging codes for tokens, and refreshing expired access tokens. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Token Exchange Endpoint.

A. Exchange authorization codes for tokens

When Google receives the authorization code, it calls your token exchange endpoint (POST) to retrieve tokens.

1. Validate the request:

   • Verify client_id and client_secret.
   • Verify the authorization code is valid and not expired.
   • Confirm redirect_uri matches the value used in Step 1.
   • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.

2. Issue tokens:

   • Generate a long-lived refresh_token and a short-lived access_token (typically 1 hour).
   • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the standard JSON token response.

B. Refresh access tokens

When the access token expires, Google requests a new one using the refresh token.

1. Validate the request:

   • Verify client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token.
   • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.

2. Issue new access token:

   • Generate a new short-lived access_token.
   • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the JSON token response (optionally including a new refresh token).

userinfo リクエストを処理する

userinfo エンドポイントは、OAuth 2.0 で保護されたリソースで、リンクされたユーザーに関するクレームを返します。userinfo エンドポイントの実装とホストは任意ですが、以下のユースケースを除きます。

• Google One タップによるリンクされたアカウントへのログイン。
• Android TV のスムーズな定期購入。

トークン エンドポイントからアクセス トークンが正常に取得されると、Google は、リンクされたユーザーに関する基本的なプロフィール情報を取得するためのリクエストを userinfo エンドポイントに送信します。

たとえば、userinfo エンドポイントが https://myservice.example.com/userinfo の場合、リクエストは次のようになります。

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

userinfo エンドポイントでリクエストを処理するには、次の手順を行います。

1. Authorization ヘッダーからアクセス トークンを抽出し、そのアクセス トークンに関連付けられたユーザーの情報を返します。
2. アクセス トークンが無効な場合は、WWW-Authenticate レスポンス ヘッダーを使用して HTTP 401 Unauthorized エラーを返します。userinfo エラー レスポンスの例を次に示します。

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   リンク処理中に 401 Unauthorized またはその他の失敗したエラー レスポンスが返された場合、そのエラーは修復不能となり、取得したトークンは破棄されるため、ユーザーはリンク処理をやり直す必要があります。

3. アクセス トークンが有効な場合は、HTTPS の本文に次の JSON オブジェクトを含む HTTP 200 レスポンスを返します。 レスポンス:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   userinfo エンドポイントが HTTP 200 成功レスポンスを返すと、取得したトークンとクレームがユーザーの Google アカウントに登録されます。

   userinfo エンドポイント レスポンス
   sub	システム内でユーザーを識別する一意の ID。
   email	ユーザーのメールアドレス。
   given_name	省略可: ユーザーの名。
   family_name	省略可: ユーザーの姓。
   name	省略可: ユーザーの氏名。
   picture	省略可: ユーザーのプロフィール写真。

実装の検証

You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.

In the tool, do the following steps:

1. Click Configuration settings to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
2. In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
3. In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
4. Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
5. In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
6. In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.

You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.

In the tool, do the following steps:

1. Click the Sign in with Google button.
2. Choose the account you'd like to link.
3. Enter the service ID.
4. Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
5. Click Start Demo.
6. When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
7. Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.