Collegamento dell'Account Google a OAuth

Gli account vengono collegati utilizzando i flussi OAuth 2.0 impliciti e codice di autorizzazione standard di settore. Il servizio deve supportare gli endpoint di autorizzazione e scambio di token conformi a OAuth 2.0.

In the implicit flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from Google.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

• The authorization endpoint, which presents the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in. The authorization endpoint also creates a short-lived authorization code to record users' consent to the requested access.

• The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:

  1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
  2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Choose an OAuth 2.0 flow

Although the implicit flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued by the implicit flow never expire. This is because the user is forced to link their account again after a token expires with the implicit flow. If you need token expiration for security reasons, we strongly recommend that you use the authorization code flow instead.

Design guidelines

This section describes the design requirements and recommendations for the user screen that you host for OAuth linking flows. After it's called by Google's app, your platform displays a sign in to Google page and account linking consent screen to the user. The user is directed back to Google's app after giving their consent to link accounts.

Requirements

1. You must communicate that the user’s account will be linked to Google, not a specific Google product like Google Home or Google Assistant.

Recommendations

We recommend that you do the following:

1. Display Google's Privacy Policy. Include a link to Google’s Privacy Policy on the consent screen.

2. Data to be shared. Use clear and concise language to tell the user what data of theirs Google requires and why.

3. Clear call-to-action. State a clear call-to-action on your consent screen, such as “Agree and link.” This is because users need to understand what data they're required to share with Google to link their accounts.

4. Ability to cancel. Provide a way for users to go back or cancel, if they choose not to link.

5. Clear sign-in process. Ensure that users have clear method for signing in to their Google account, such as fields for their username and password or Sign in with Google.

6. Ability to unlink. Offer a mechanism for users to unlink, such as a URL to their account settings on your platform. Alternatively, you can include a link to Google Account where users can manage their linked account.

7. Ability to change user account. Suggest a method for users to switch their account(s). This is especially beneficial if users tend to have multiple accounts.

   • If a user must close the consent screen to switch accounts, send a recoverable error to Google so the user can sign in to the desired account with OAuth linking and the implicit flow.

8. Include your logo. Display your company logo on the consent screen. Use your style guidelines to place your logo. If you wish to also display Google's logo, see Logos and trademarks.

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Fai clic su Crea progetto .
3. Inserisci un nome o accetta il suggerimento generato.
4. Conferma o modifica tutti i campi rimanenti.
5. Fai clic su Crea .

Per visualizzare l'ID del progetto:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Trova il tuo progetto nella tabella nella pagina di destinazione. L'ID progetto viene visualizzato nella colonna ID .

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

Implementa il server OAuth

To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authentication and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
2. Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
3. Google calls your service's APIs and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.

Handle authorization requests

When a Google application needs to perform account linking via an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify the client_id and redirect_uri values to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the client ID you assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     

2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate an access token for Google to use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.

4. Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:

   • access_token: The access token you just generated
   • token_type: The string bearer
   • state: The unmodified state value from the original request

   The following is an example of the resulting URL:

   https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler receives the access token and confirms that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an access token for your service, Google attaches the token to subsequent calls to your service APIs.

Gestire le richieste di informazioni utente

L'endpoint userinfo è una risorsa protetta da OAuth 2.0 che restituisce attestazioni sull'utente collegato. L'implementazione e l'hosting dell'endpoint userinfo sono facoltative, ad eccezione dei seguenti casi d'uso:

• Accesso a un account collegato con Google One Tap.
• Abbonamento senza problemi su AndroidTV.

Dopo che il token di accesso è stato recuperato correttamente dall'endpoint del token, Google invia una richiesta all'endpoint userinfo per recuperare le informazioni di base del profilo dell'utente collegato.

Ad esempio, se l'endpoint userinfo è disponibile su https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, una richiesta potrebbe avere il seguente aspetto:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Affinché l'endpoint userinfo possa gestire le richieste, segui questi passaggi:

1. Estrai il token di accesso dall'intestazione Autorizzazione e restituisci le informazioni per l'utente associato al token di accesso.
2. Se il token di accesso non è valido, restituisce un errore HTTP 401 Autorizzazione non autorizzata utilizzando l'intestazione della risposta WWW-Authenticate. Di seguito è riportato un esempio di risposta di errore userinfo:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   Se durante la procedura di collegamento viene restituito un errore 401 Autorizzazione o qualsiasi altra risposta di errore non riuscita durante la procedura di collegamento, l'errore non sarà recuperabile, il token recuperato verrà eliminato e l'utente dovrà avviare nuovamente la procedura di collegamento.

3. Se il token di accesso è valido, restituisce e invia una risposta HTTP 200 con il seguente oggetto JSON nel corpo dell'HTTPS risposta:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }
   

   Se l'endpoint userinfo restituisce una risposta HTTP 200 riuscita, il token e le attestazioni recuperati vengono registrati in base all'Account Google dell'utente.

   risposta endpoint userinfo
   sub	Un ID univoco che identifica l'utente nel sistema.
   email	Indirizzo email dell'utente.
   given_name	Facoltativo:nome dell'utente.
   family_name	Facoltativo:il cognome dell'utente.
   name	Facoltativo:nome completo dell'utente.
   picture	(Facoltativo) Immagine del profilo dell'utente.

Convalidare l'implementazione

Puoi convalidare l'implementazione utilizzando lo strumento OAuth 2.0 Playground.

Nello strumento:

1. Fai clic su Configurazione settings per aprire la finestra di configurazione di OAuth 2.0.
2. Nel campo Flusso OAuth, seleziona Lato client.
3. Nel campo Endpoint OAuth, seleziona Personalizzato.
4. Specifica il tuo endpoint OAuth 2.0 e l'ID client che hai assegnato a Google nei campi corrispondenti.
5. Nella sezione Passaggio 1, non selezionare alcun ambito Google. Lascia invece vuoto questo campo o digita un ambito valido per il tuo server (o una stringa arbitraria se non utilizzi gli ambiti OAuth). Al termine, fai clic su Autorizza API.
6. Nelle sezioni Passaggio 2 e Passaggio 3, segui il flusso OAuth 2.0 e verifica che ogni passaggio funzioni come previsto.

Puoi convalidare l'implementazione utilizzando lo strumento Demo di collegamento dell'Account Google.

Nello strumento:

1. Fai clic sul pulsante Accedi con Google.
2. Scegli l'account che vuoi collegare.
3. Inserisci l'ID servizio.
4. (Facoltativo) Inserisci uno o più ambiti per i quali richiederai l'accesso.
5. Fai clic su Avvia demo.
6. Quando richiesto, conferma di poter acconsentire e rifiutare la richiesta di collegamento.
7. Verifica di essere reindirizzato alla tua piattaforma.