Optimierte Verknüpfung mit OAuth und Google Log-in

Übersicht

Optimierte Verknüpfung mit OAuth-basiertem Google Log-in: Google Log-in ergänzt OAuth-Verknüpfung. Dies ermöglicht eine nahtlose Verknüpfung von .

Um Kontoverknüpfungen mit OAuth und Google Log-in durchzuführen, folge diesen allgemeinen Schritte:

  1. Bitten Sie den Nutzer zuerst, seine Einwilligung für den Zugriff auf sein Google-Profil zu geben.
  2. Anhand der Informationen in ihrem Profil können Sie prüfen, ob das Nutzerkonto vorhanden ist.
  3. Verknüpfen Sie die Konten für bestehende Nutzer.
  4. Wenn Sie in Ihrem Authentifizierungssystem keine Übereinstimmung für den Google-Nutzer finden können, Validieren Sie das von Google erhaltene ID-Token. Sie können dann ein nutzerbasiertes zu den Profilinformationen im ID-Token.
Diese Abbildung zeigt, wie ein Nutzer sein Google-Konto mithilfe des optimierten Verknüpfungsvorgangs verknüpft. Der erste Screenshot zeigt, wie Nutzer Ihre App für die Verknüpfung auswählen können. Auf dem zweiten Screenshot kann der Nutzer überprüfen, ob er bereits ein Konto bei Ihrem Dienst hat. Auf dem dritten Screenshot kann der Nutzer das Google-Konto auswählen, mit dem er eine Verknüpfung herstellen möchte. Der vierte Screenshot zeigt die Bestätigung für die Verknüpfung des Google-Kontos mit Ihrer App. Der fünfte Screenshot zeigt ein erfolgreich verknüpftes Nutzerkonto in der Google App.

Abbildung 1. Kontoverknüpfung auf dem Smartphone eines Nutzers mit der optimierten Verknüpfung

Anforderungen für optimierte Verknüpfungen

OAuth-Server implementieren

Der Endpunkt des Tokenaustauschs muss die Intents check, create und get unterstützen. Unten sehen Sie die Schritte, die während der Kontoverknüpfung ausgeführt werden, und es wird angegeben, wann die verschiedenen Intents aufgerufen werden:

  1. Hat der Nutzer ein Konto in Ihrem Authentifizierungssystem? (Der Nutzer entscheidet sich mit Ja oder NEIN.) <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
      </ph>
    1. JA : Nutzt der Nutzer die E-Mail-Adresse, die mit seinem Google-Konto verknüpft ist, um sich auf Ihrer Plattform anzumelden? (Der Nutzer entscheidet sich mit Ja oder NEIN.) <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
        </ph>
      1. JA : Verfügt der Nutzer über ein übereinstimmendes Konto in Ihrem Authentifizierungssystem? (check intent wird zur Bestätigung aufgerufen) <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
          </ph>
        1. JA : get intent wird aufgerufen und das Konto wird verknüpft, wenn der get-Intent erfolgreich zurückgegeben wird.
        2. NEIN : Neues Konto erstellen? (Der Nutzer entscheidet sich mit Ja oder NEIN.) <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
            </ph>
          1. JA : create intent wird aufgerufen und das Konto verknüpft, wenn der Erstellungs-Intent erfolgreich zurückgegeben wird.
          2. NEIN : Der Web-OAuth-Ablauf wird ausgelöst, der Nutzer wird zu seinem Browser weitergeleitet und erhält die Möglichkeit, eine Verknüpfung mit einer anderen E-Mail-Adresse herzustellen.
      2. NEIN : Der Web-OAuth-Vorgang wird ausgelöst, der Nutzer wird zu seinem Browser weitergeleitet und hat die Möglichkeit, eine Verknüpfung mit einer anderen E-Mail-Adresse herzustellen.
    2. NEIN : Verfügt der Nutzer über ein übereinstimmendes Konto in Ihrem Authentifizierungssystem? (check intent wird zur Bestätigung aufgerufen) <ph type="x-smartling-placeholder">
        </ph>
      1. JA : get intent wird aufgerufen und das Konto wird verknüpft, wenn der get-Intent erfolgreich zurückgegeben wird.
      2. NEIN : create intent wird aufgerufen und das Konto verknüpft, wenn die Rückgabe des Intents zum Erstellen erfolgreich ist.

Check for an existing user account (check intent)

After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.

If the corresponding Google account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint responds with account_found=true. If the Google account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns an HTTP 404 Not Found error with account_found=false.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
intent For these requests, the value of this parameter is check.
grant_type The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer.
assertion A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
client_id The client ID you assigned to Google.
client_secret The client secret you assigned to Google.

To respond to the check intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

  • Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
  • Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

  • email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
  • email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

  • The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
  • The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, the user has already signed up. In that case, return a response like the following:

HTTP/1.1 200 Success
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"true",
}

If neither the Google Account ID nor the email address specified in the assertion matches a user in your database, the user hasn't signed up yet. In this case, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 404 error that specifies "account_found": "false", as in the following example:

HTTP/1.1 404 Not found
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "account_found":"false",
}

Handle automatic linking (get intent)

After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.

If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint returns a linking_error error and optional login_hint.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
intent For these requests, the value of this parameter is get.
grant_type The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer.
assertion A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
scope Optional: Any scopes that you've configured Google to request from users.
client_id The client ID you assigned to Google.
client_secret The client secret you assigned to Google.

To respond to the get intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

  • Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
  • Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

  • email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
  • email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

  • The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
  • The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",

  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",

  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error, as the following example shows:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)

When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create.

The request has the following form:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET

Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:

Token endpoint parameters
intent For these requests, the value of this parameter is create.
grant_type The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer.
assertion A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address.
client_id The client ID you assigned to Google.
client_secret The client secret you assigned to Google.

The JWT within the assertion parameter contains the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your service.

To respond to the create intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:

  • Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
  • Validate user information and create new account.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion

You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.

When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:

{
  "sub": "1234567890",      // The unique ID of the user's Google Account
  "iss": "https://accounts.google.com",        // The assertion's issuer
  "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID
  "iat": 233366400,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time
  "exp": 233370000,         // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time
  "name": "Jan Jansen",
  "given_name": "Jan",
  "family_name": "Jansen",
  "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address
  "email_verified": true,   // true, if Google has verified the email address
  "hd": "example.com",      // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address
                            // If present, a URL to user's profile picture
  "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ",
  "locale": "en_US"         // User's locale, from browser or phone settings
}

In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's issuer (iss field) is https://accounts.google.com, that the audience (aud field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired (exp field).

Using the email, email_verified and hd fields you can determine if Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods can be used to verify the account prior to linking.

Cases where Google is authoritative:

  • email has a @gmail.com suffix, this is a Gmail account.
  • email_verified is true and hd is set, this is a G Suite account.

Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When email does not contain a @gmail.com suffix and hd is absent Google is not authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify the user. email_verified can also be true as Google initially verified the user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party email account may have since changed.

Validate user information and create new account

Check whether either of the following conditions are true:

  • The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's sub field, is in your user database.
  • The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.

If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error that specifies error=linking_error and gives the user's email address as the login_hint. The following is a sample response:

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8

{
  "error":"linking_error",
  "login_hint":"foo@bar.com"
}

When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint as a parameter. The user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.

If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.

When the creation is completed, issue an access token and refresh token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:

{
  "token_type": "Bearer",
  "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",

  "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",

  "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
}

Google API-Client-ID abrufen

Sie müssen Ihre Google API-Client-ID bei der Registrierung der Kontoverknüpfung angeben.

API-Client-ID über das Projekt abrufen, das Sie bei der OAuth-Verknüpfung erstellt haben Führen Sie dazu folgende Schritte aus:

  1. Öffnen Sie die Seite Anmeldedaten des Google API Console:
  2. Erstellen Sie ein Google APIs-Projekt oder wählen Sie eines aus.

    Wenn Ihr Projekt keine Client-ID für den Webanwendungstyp hat, klicken Sie auf Anmeldedaten erstellen > OAuth-Client-ID, um eine zu erstellen. Achten Sie darauf, Ihre Websitedomain im Feld Autorisierte JavaScript-Quellen ein. Wenn Sie lokale Tests oder die Entwicklung vor Ort verwenden, müssen Sie sowohl http://localhost als auch http://localhost:<port_number> in das Feld Autorisierte JavaScript-Quellen ein.

Implementierung validieren

Sie können Ihre Implementierung mithilfe der Validierung OAuth 2.0 Spielplatz - Tool.

Führen Sie im Tool die folgenden Schritte aus:

  1. Klicken Sie auf das OAuth 2.0 - Konfigurationsfenster zu öffnen.
  2. Im OAuth Strömungsfeld, wählen Sie Client-Seite.
  3. Im OAuth Endpunkte Feld wählen Sie Benutzerdefiniert.
  4. Geben Sie Ihren OAuth 2.0-Endpunkt und die Client-ID, die Sie Google zugewiesen haben, in die entsprechenden Felder ein.
  5. Im Schritt 1 Wählen Sie im Abschnitt keine Google Bereiche. Lassen Sie stattdessen dieses Feld leer oder geben Sie einen für Ihren Server gültigen Bereich ein (oder eine beliebige Zeichenfolge, wenn Sie keine OAuth-Bereiche verwenden). Wenn Sie fertig sind, klicken Sie auf Autorisieren APIs.
  6. In der Stufe 2 und Stufe 3 Abschnitte, geht durch die OAuth 2.0 fließen und sicherzustellen , dass jeder Schritt wie vorgesehen funktioniert.

Sie können Ihre Implementierung mithilfe der Validierung Google - Konto verknüpfen Demo - Tool.

Führen Sie im Tool die folgenden Schritte aus:

  1. Klicken Sie auf die Sign-in mit Google - Taste.
  2. Wählen Sie das Konto aus, das Sie verknüpfen möchten.
  3. Geben Sie die Service-ID ein.
  4. Geben Sie optional einen oder mehrere Bereiche ein, für die Sie Zugriff anfordern.
  5. Klicken Sie auf Start Demo.
  6. Wenn Sie dazu aufgefordert werden, bestätigen Sie, dass Sie der Verknüpfungsanfrage zustimmen und diese ablehnen können.
  7. Bestätigen Sie, dass Sie zu Ihrer Plattform weitergeleitet werden.