खास जानकारी
OAuth पर आधारित 'Google साइन-इन' को बेहतर तरीके से लिंक करने की सुविधा, Google साइन-इन को सबसे ऊपर जोड़ती है OAuth लिंकिंग. इससे Search Ads 360 के साथ-साथ Google उपयोगकर्ता हैं. यह खाता बनाने की सुविधा भी चालू करता है. इससे उपयोगकर्ता अपने Google खाते का इस्तेमाल करके, आपकी सेवा पर एक नया खाता बना सकते हैं.
OAuth और 'Google साइन-इन' की मदद से खाता लिंक करने के लिए, यहां दिए गए सामान्य निर्देशों का पालन करें चरण:
- सबसे पहले, उपयोगकर्ता से Google पर अपनी प्रोफ़ाइल को ऐक्सेस करने की सहमति मांगें.
- उनकी प्रोफ़ाइल में दी गई जानकारी का इस्तेमाल करके, पता लगाएं कि उपयोगकर्ता खाता मौजूद है या नहीं.
- मौजूदा उपयोगकर्ताओं के लिए, खाते लिंक करें.
- अगर आपको अपने पुष्टि करने वाले सिस्टम में, Google उपयोगकर्ता के लिए कोई मैच नहीं मिलता है, तो Google से मिले आईडी टोकन की पुष्टि करें. इसके बाद, एक उपयोगकर्ता के तौर पर आईडी टोकन में मौजूद प्रोफ़ाइल जानकारी पर.
पहली इमेज. आसान तरीके से लिंक करने की सुविधा की मदद से, उपयोगकर्ता के फ़ोन पर खाता लिंक करना
व्यवस्थित तरीके से लिंक करने के लिए ज़रूरी शर्तें
- वेब OAuth लिंकिंग का बेसिक फ़्लो लागू करें. आपकी सेवा में OAuth 2.0-अनुच्छेदनकर्ता का समर्थन करना आवश्यक है अनुमति और टोकन एक्सचेंज एंडपॉइंट.
- आपके टोकन एक्सचेंज एंडपॉइंट को JSON वेब टोकन (JWT) दावों के साथ काम करना चाहिए. साथ ही, यह
check
,create
, औरget
इंटेंट लागू करना चाहिए.
अपना OAuth सर्वर लागू करना
आपके टोकन एक्सचेंज के एंडपॉइंट को check
, create
, get
इंटेंट के साथ काम करना चाहिए. यहां खाता लिंक करने के फ़्लो के दौरान पूरे किए गए चरण दिखाए गए हैं. साथ ही, यह भी बताया गया है कि अलग-अलग इंटेंट को कब कॉल किया जाता है:
- क्या आपके पुष्टि करने वाले सिस्टम में उपयोगकर्ता का कोई खाता है? (हां या नहीं का विकल्प चुनकर, उपयोगकर्ता तय करता है)
- हां : क्या उपयोगकर्ता आपके प्लैटफ़ॉर्म में साइन इन करने के लिए, अपने Google खाते से जुड़े ईमेल पते का इस्तेमाल करता है? (हां या नहीं का विकल्प चुनकर, उपयोगकर्ता तय करता है)
- हां : क्या आपके पुष्टि करने वाले सिस्टम में उपयोगकर्ता का कोई खाता है? (पुष्टि करने के लिए
check intent
को कॉल किया गया है)- हां : अगर इंटेंट वापस मिल जाता है, तो
get intent
को कॉल किया जाता है और खाता लिंक कर दिया जाता है. - नहीं : नया खाता बनाएं? (हां या नहीं का विकल्प चुनकर, उपयोगकर्ता तय करता है)
- हां :
create intent
को कॉल किया जाता है और इंटेंट के वापस आने पर खाता लिंक कर दिया जाता है. - नहीं : ऐसा करने पर, वेब OAuth फ़्लो ट्रिगर हो जाता है, उपयोगकर्ता को उसके ब्राउज़र पर भेजा जाता है, और उपयोगकर्ता को किसी दूसरे ईमेल से लिंक करने का विकल्प दिया जाता है.
- हां :
- हां : अगर इंटेंट वापस मिल जाता है, तो
- नहीं : ऐसा करने पर, वेब OAuth फ़्लो ट्रिगर हो जाता है. साथ ही, लोगों को उनके ब्राउज़र पर भेजा जाता है, और उपयोगकर्ता को किसी दूसरे ईमेल पते से लिंक करने का विकल्प दिया जाता है.
- हां : क्या आपके पुष्टि करने वाले सिस्टम में उपयोगकर्ता का कोई खाता है? (पुष्टि करने के लिए
- नहीं : क्या आपके पुष्टि करने वाले सिस्टम में उपयोगकर्ता का कोई खाता है? (पुष्टि करने के लिए
check intent
को कॉल किया गया है)- हां : अगर इंटेंट वापस मिल जाता है, तो
get intent
को कॉल किया जाता है और खाता लिंक कर दिया जाता है. - नहीं :
create intent
को कॉल किया जाता है और इंटेंट के वापस आने पर खाता लिंक कर दिया जाता है.
- हां : अगर इंटेंट वापस मिल जाता है, तो
- हां : क्या उपयोगकर्ता आपके प्लैटफ़ॉर्म में साइन इन करने के लिए, अपने Google खाते से जुड़े ईमेल पते का इस्तेमाल करता है? (हां या नहीं का विकल्प चुनकर, उपयोगकर्ता तय करता है)
Check for an existing user account (check intent)
After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.
If the corresponding Google account is already present in your authentication
system, your token exchange endpoint responds with account_found=true
. If the
Google account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint
returns an HTTP 404 Not Found error with account_found=false
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=check&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is
check . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
To respond to the check
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verified
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If either condition is true, the user has already signed up. In that case, return a response like the following:
HTTP/1.1 200 Success Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"true", }
If neither the Google Account ID nor the email address specified in the
assertion matches a user in your database, the user hasn't signed up yet. In
this case, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP 404 error
that specifies "account_found": "false"
, as in the following example:
HTTP/1.1 404 Not found Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "account_found":"false", }
Handle automatic linking (get intent)
After the user gives consent to access their Google profile, Google sends a request that contains a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The assertion contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. The token exchange endpoint configured for your project handles that request.
If the corresponding Google Account is already present in your authentication
system, your token exchange endpoint returns a token for the user. If the
Google Account doesn't match an existing user, your token exchange endpoint
returns a linking_error
error and optional login_hint
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&intent=get&assertion=JWT&scope=SCOPES&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must be able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is get . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
scope |
Optional: Any scopes that you've configured Google to request from users. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
To respond to the get
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verified
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Check if the Google account is already present in your authentication system
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If an account is found for the user, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
In some cases, account linking based on ID token might fail for the user. If it
does so for any reason, your token exchange endpoint needs to reply with a HTTP
401 error that specifies error=linking_error
, as the following example shows:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
Handle account creation via Google Sign-In (create intent)
When a user needs to create an account on your service, Google makes a request
to your token exchange endpoint that specifies intent=create
.
The request has the following form:
POST /token HTTP/1.1 Host: oauth2.example.com Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded response_type=token&grant_type=urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer&scope=SCOPES&intent=create&assertion=JWT&client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET
Your token exchange endpoint must able to handle the following parameters:
Token endpoint parameters | |
---|---|
intent |
For these requests, the value of this parameter is create . |
grant_type |
The type of token being exchanged. For these requests, this
parameter has the value urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer . |
assertion |
A JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides a signed assertion of the Google user's identity. The JWT contains information that includes the user's Google Account ID, name, and email address. |
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
client_secret |
The client secret you assigned to Google. |
The JWT within the assertion
parameter contains the user's Google Account ID,
name, and email address, which you can use to create a new account on your
service.
To respond to the create
intent requests, your token exchange endpoint must perform the following steps:
- Validate and decode the JWT assertion.
- Validate user information and create new account.
Validate and decode the JWT assertion
You can validate and decode the JWT assertion by using a JWT-decoding library for your language. Use Google's public keys, available in JWK or PEM formats, to verify the token's signature.
When decoded, the JWT assertion looks like the following example:
{ "sub": "1234567890", // The unique ID of the user's Google Account "iss": "https://accounts.google.com", // The assertion's issuer "aud": "123-abc.apps.googleusercontent.com", // Your server's client ID "iat": 233366400, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's creation time "exp": 233370000, // Unix timestamp of the assertion's expiration time "name": "Jan Jansen", "given_name": "Jan", "family_name": "Jansen", "email": "jan@gmail.com", // If present, the user's email address "email_verified": true, // true, if Google has verified the email address "hd": "example.com", // If present, the host domain of the user's GSuite email address // If present, a URL to user's profile picture "picture": "https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/AOh14GjlTnZKHAeb94A-FmEbwZv7uJD986VOF1mJGb2YYQ", "locale": "en_US" // User's locale, from browser or phone settings }
In addition to verifying the token's signature, verify that the assertion's
issuer (iss
field) is https://accounts.google.com
, that the audience
(aud
field) is your assigned client ID, and that the token has not expired
(exp
field).
Using the email
, email_verified
and hd
fields you can determine if
Google hosts and is authoritative for an email address. In cases where Google is
authoritative the user is currently known to be the legitimate account owner
and you may skip password or other challenges methods. Otherwise, these methods
can be used to verify the account prior to linking.
Cases where Google is authoritative:
email
has a@gmail.com
suffix, this is a Gmail account.email_verified
is true andhd
is set, this is a G Suite account.
Users may register for Google Accounts without using Gmail or G Suite. When
email
does not contain a @gmail.com
suffix and hd
is absent Google is not
authoritative and password or other challenge methods are recommended to verify
the user. email_verified
can also be true as Google initially verified the
user when the Google account was created, however ownership of the third party
email account may have since changed.
Validate user information and create new account
Check whether either of the following conditions are true:
- The Google Account ID, found in the assertion's
sub
field, is in your user database. - The email address in the assertion matches a user in your user database.
If either condition is true, prompt the user to link their existing account
with their Google Account. To do so, respond to the request with an HTTP 401 error
that specifies error=linking_error
and gives the user's email address as the
login_hint
. The following is a sample response:
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8 { "error":"linking_error", "login_hint":"foo@bar.com" }
When Google receives a 401 error response with linking_error
, Google sends
the user to your authorization endpoint with login_hint
as a parameter. The
user completes account linking using the OAuth linking flow in their browser.
If neither condition is true, create a new user account with the information provided in the JWT. New accounts don't typically have a password set. It's recommended that you add Google Sign-In to other platforms to enable users to log in with Google across the surfaces of your application. Alternatively, you can email the user a link that starts your password recovery flow to allow the user to set a password to sign in on other platforms.
When the creation is completed, issue an access token and return the values in a JSON object in the body of your HTTPS response, like in the following example:
{ "token_type": "Bearer", "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN", "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION }
अपना Google API क्लाइंट आईडी पाएं
खाता लिंक करने के रजिस्ट्रेशन की प्रक्रिया के दौरान, आपको अपना Google API क्लाइंट आईडी देना होगा.
OAuth लिंकिंग के चरणों को पूरा करते समय आपने जो प्रोजेक्ट बनाया था उसका इस्तेमाल करके, अपना एपीआई क्लाइंट आईडी पाने के लिए. इसके लिए, नीचे दिया गया तरीका अपनाएं:
- अपना क्रेडेंशियल पेज खोलें Google API कंसोल.
Google API प्रोजेक्ट बनाएं या चुनें.
अगर आपके प्रोजेक्ट में वेब ऐप्लिकेशन प्रकार के लिए क्लाइंट आईडी नहीं है, तो क्रेडेंशियल बनाएं > OAuth क्लाइंट आईडी बनाने के लिए. अपनी ऑडियंस की सूची में अनुमति वाले JavaScript ऑरिजिन बॉक्स में अपनी साइट के डोमेन के लिए. परफ़ॉर्मेंस स्थानीय टेस्ट या डेवलपमेंट के लिए, आपको
http://localhost
और अनुमति वाले JavaScript ऑरिजिन फ़ील्ड के लिए,http://localhost:<port_number>
.
लागू करने की पुष्टि की जा रही है
OAuth 2.0 Playground टूल का इस्तेमाल करके, पुष्टि की जा सकती है कि आपने OAuth 2.0 को सही तरीके से लागू किया है या नहीं.
टूल में, नीचे दिया गया तरीका अपनाएं:
- OAuth 2.0 कॉन्फ़िगरेशन विंडो खोलने के लिए, कॉन्फ़िगरेशन पर क्लिक करें.
- OAuth फ़्लो फ़ील्ड में, क्लाइंट-साइड चुनें.
- OAuth एंडपॉइंट फ़ील्ड में, कस्टम चुनें.
- अपने OAuth 2.0 एंडपॉइंट और उस क्लाइंट आईडी की जानकारी दें जिसे आपने Google को असाइन किया है. इसके लिए, दिए गए फ़ील्ड का इस्तेमाल करें.
- पहला चरण सेक्शन में, Google का कोई स्कोप न चुनें. इसके बजाय, इस फ़ील्ड को खाली छोड़ दें या अपने सर्वर के लिए मान्य स्कोप टाइप करें. अगर OAuth स्कोप का इस्तेमाल नहीं किया जा रहा है, तो कोई भी स्ट्रिंग टाइप करें. इसके बाद, एपीआई को अनुमति दें पर क्लिक करें.
- दूसरे चरण और तीसरा सेक्शन में, OAuth 2.0 फ़्लो देखें और पुष्टि करें कि हर चरण आपके हिसाब से काम कर रहा हो.
Google खाते को लिंक करने के डेमो टूल का इस्तेमाल करके, पुष्टि की जा सकती है कि आपने इसे सही तरीके से लागू किया है या नहीं.
टूल में, नीचे दिया गया तरीका अपनाएं:
- Google से साइन इन करें बटन पर क्लिक करें.
- वह खाता चुनें जिसे आपको लिंक करना है.
- सेवा आईडी डालें.
- इसके अलावा, एक या उससे ज़्यादा ऐसे स्कोप डालें जिनके लिए आपको ऐक्सेस का अनुरोध करना है.
- डेमो शुरू करें पर क्लिक करें.
- जब कहा जाए, तब पुष्टि करें कि आपके पास खाते को लिंक करने के अनुरोध को स्वीकार और अस्वीकार करने का विकल्प है.
- पुष्टि करें कि आपको अपने प्लैटफ़ॉर्म पर रीडायरेक्ट किया गया है.