계정은 업계 표준 OAuth 2.0 암시적 흐름 및 승인 코드 흐름을 사용하여 연결됩니다. 서비스가 OAuth 2.0을 준수하는 승인 및 토큰 교환 엔드포인트를 지원해야 합니다.
암시적 흐름에서는 Google이 사용자의 브라우저에서 승인 엔드포인트를 엽니다. 로그인에 성공하면 장기 액세스 토큰을 Google에 반환합니다. 이제 Google에서 전송하는 모든 요청에 이 액세스 토큰이 포함됩니다.
승인 코드 흐름에는 두 개의 엔드포인트가 필요합니다.
아직 로그인하지 않은 사용자에게 로그인 UI를 표시하는 승인 엔드포인트입니다. 승인 엔드포인트는 요청된 액세스에 대한 사용자의 동의를 기록하기 위해 단기 승인 코드도 만듭니다.
두 가지 유형의 교환을 담당하는 토큰 교환 엔드포인트:
- 승인 코드를 사용 기간이 긴 갱신 토큰 및 사용 기간이 짧은 액세스 토큰으로 교환합니다. 이 교환은 사용자가 계정 연결 흐름을 진행할 때 발생합니다.
- 장기 갱신 토큰을 단기 액세스 토큰으로 교환합니다. 이 교환은 만료된 액세스 토큰으로 인해 Google에 새 액세스 토큰이 필요할 때 발생합니다.
OAuth 2.0 흐름 선택
암시적 흐름은 구현하기가 더 간단하지만 암시적 흐름에서 발급된 액세스 토큰은 만료되지 않도록 하는 것이 좋습니다. 이는 암시적 흐름으로 토큰이 만료된 후 사용자가 계정을 다시 연결해야 하기 때문입니다. 보안상의 이유로 토큰 만료가 필요한 경우에는 승인 코드 흐름을 대신 사용하는 것이 좋습니다.
디자인 가이드라인
이 섹션에서는 OAuth 연결 흐름을 위해 호스팅하는 사용자 화면에 대한 디자인 요구사항과 권장사항을 설명합니다. Google 앱에서 호출하면 플랫폼에서 사용자에게 Google 로그인 페이지와 계정 연결 동의 화면을 표시합니다. 사용자가 계정 연결에 동의하면 Google 앱으로 다시 리디렉션됩니다.
요구사항
- 사용자의 계정이 Google Home 또는 Google 어시스턴트와 같은 특정 Google 제품이 아닌 Google에 연결된다고 안내해야 합니다.
권장사항
다음을 수행하는 것이 좋습니다.
Google 개인정보처리방침을 표시합니다. 동의 화면에 Google 개인정보처리방침 링크를 포함합니다.
공유할 데이터 Google에서 필요로 하는 데이터와 그 이유를 사용자에게 명확하고 간결한 언어로 전달하세요.
명확한 클릭 유도 문구 '동의 및 연결'과 같은 명확한 클릭 유도 문구를 동의 화면에 표시합니다. 이는 사용자가 계정을 연결하기 위해 Google과 공유해야 하는 데이터를 이해해야 하기 때문입니다.
취소 기능 사용자가 연결하지 않기로 선택한 경우 뒤로 돌아가거나 취소할 수 있는 방법을 제공합니다.
명확한 로그인 절차. 사용자에게 사용자 이름 및 비밀번호 입력란이나 Google 계정으로 로그인과 같이 Google 계정에 로그인하는 명확한 방법이 제공되어야 합니다.
연결 해제 기능. 사용자가 연결을 해제할 수 있는 메커니즘(예: 플랫폼의 계정 설정 URL)을 제공합니다. 또는 사용자가 연결된 계정을 관리할 수 있는 Google 계정 링크를 포함할 수 있습니다.
사용자 계정을 변경할 수 있는 기능 사용자가 계정을 전환할 수 있는 방법을 제안합니다. 이는 사용자가 여러 계정을 사용하는 경향이 있는 경우에 특히 유용합니다.
- 사용자가 계정을 전환하려면 동의 화면을 닫아야 하는 경우 사용자가 OAuth 연결 및 암시적 흐름으로 원하는 계정에 로그인할 수 있도록 복구 가능한 오류를 Google에 전송합니다.
로고를 포함합니다. 동의 화면에 회사 로고를 표시합니다. 스타일 가이드라인에 따라 로고를 배치합니다. Google 로고도 표시하려면 로고 및 상표를 참고하세요.
Create the project
To create your project to use account linking:
- Go to the Google API Console.
- Click Create project.
- Enter a name or accept the generated suggestion.
- Confirm or edit any remaining fields.
- Click Create.
To view your project ID:
- Go to the Google API Console.
- Find your project in the table on the landing page. The project ID appears in the ID column.
Configure your OAuth Consent Screen
The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.
- Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
- If prompted, select the project you just created.
On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.
Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.
Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings
Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.
Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.
Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.
Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.
Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.
Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.
Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery
Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.
OAuth 서버 구현
To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authentication and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.
When a Google application needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.
A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:
- Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
- Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
- Google calls your service's APIs and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.
Handle authorization requests
When a Google application needs to perform account linking via an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:
| Authorization endpoint parameters | |
|---|---|
client_id |
The client ID you assigned to Google. |
redirect_uri |
The URL to which you send the response to this request. |
state |
A bookkeeping value that is passed back to Google unchanged in the redirect URI. |
response_type |
The type of value to return in the response. For the OAuth 2.0 implicit
flow, the response type is always token. |
user_locale |
The Google Account language setting in RFC5646 format used to localize your content in the user's preferred language. |
For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at
https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:
GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token&user_locale=LOCALE
For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:
Verify the
client_idandredirect_urivalues to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:- Confirm that the
client_idmatches the client ID you assigned to Google. - Confirm that the URL specified by the
redirect_uriparameter has the following form:https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
- Confirm that the
Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.
Generate an access token for Google to use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.
Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the
redirect_uriparameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:access_token: The access token you just generatedtoken_type: The stringbearerstate: The unmodified state value from the original request
The following is an example of the resulting URL:
https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING
Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler receives the access token and confirms
that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an
access token for your service, Google attaches the token to subsequent calls
to your service APIs.
Handle userinfo requests
The userinfo endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected resource that return claims about the linked user. Implementing and hosting the userinfo endpoint is optional, except for the following use cases:
- Linked Account Sign-In with Google One Tap.
- Frictionless subscription on AndroidTV.
After the access token has been successfully retrieved from your token endpoint, Google sends a request to your userinfo endpoint to retrieve basic profile information about the linked user.
| userinfo endpoint request headers | |
|---|---|
Authorization header |
The access token of type Bearer. |
For example, if your userinfo endpoint is available at
https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, a request might look like the following:
GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1 Host: myservice.example.com Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN
For your userinfo endpoint to handle requests, do the following steps:
- Extract access token from the Authorization header and return information for the user associated with the access token.
- If the access token is invalid, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error with using the
WWW-AuthenticateResponse Header. Below is an example of a userinfo error response: If a 401 Unauthorized, or any other unsuccessful error response is returned during the linking process, the error will be non-recoverable, the retrieved token will be discarded and the user will have to initiate the linking process again.HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token", error_description="The Access Token expired"
If the access token is valid, return and HTTP 200 response with the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:
If your userinfo endpoint returns an HTTP 200 success response, the retrieved token and claims are registered against the user's Google account.{ "sub": "USER_UUID", "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS", "given_name": "FIRST_NAME", "family_name": "LAST_NAME", "name": "FULL_NAME", "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE", }userinfo endpoint response subA unique ID that identifies the user in your system. emailEmail address of the user. given_nameOptional: First name of the user. family_nameOptional: Last name of the user. nameOptional: Full name of the user. pictureOptional: Profile picture of the user.
구현 확인
You can validate your implementation by using the OAuth 2.0 Playground tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click Configuration to open the OAuth 2.0 Configuration window.
- In the OAuth flow field, select Client-side.
- In the OAuth Endpoints field, select Custom.
- Specify your OAuth 2.0 endpoint and the client ID you assigned to Google in the corresponding fields.
- In the Step 1 section, don't select any Google scopes. Instead, leave this field blank or type a scope valid for your server (or an arbitrary string if you don't use OAuth scopes). When you're done, click Authorize APIs.
- In the Step 2 and Step 3 sections, go through the OAuth 2.0 flow and verify that each step works as intended.
You can validate your implementation by using the Google Account Linking Demo tool.
In the tool, do the following steps:
- Click the Sign-in with Google button.
- Choose the account you'd like to link.
- Enter the service ID.
- Optionally enter one or more scopes that you will request access for.
- Click Start Demo.
- When prompted, confirm that you may consent and deny the linking request.
- Confirm that you are redirected to your platform.