Collegamento dell'Account Google a OAuth

I collegamenti degli account vengono eseguiti utilizzando il flusso del codice di autorizzazione OAuth 2.0, standard di settore.

OAuth 2.1 e PKCE per gli agenti

Per gli agenti AI senza stato e le pipeline multimodali, è consigliabile applicare OAuth 2.1.

  • PKCE (Proof Key for Code Exchange): deve essere utilizzato per proteggere il flusso del codice di autorizzazione, impedendo attacchi di intercettazione.
  • Nessun flusso implicito: il flusso implicito espone i token di accesso nell'URL, il che rappresenta un rischio per la sicurezza degli ambienti degli agenti.

Il tuo servizio deve supportare gli endpoint di autorizzazione e scambio di token conformi a OAuth 2.0/2.1.

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

  1. Go to the Google API Console.
  2. Click Create project.
  3. Enter a name or accept the generated suggestion.
  4. Confirm or edit any remaining fields.
  5. Click Create.

To view your project ID:

  1. Go to the Google API Console.
  2. Find your project in the table on the landing page. The project ID appears in the ID column.

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

  1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
  2. If prompted, select the project you just created.
  3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

    Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

    Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

    Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

    Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

    Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

    Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

    Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

    Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

    Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

  4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

Implementare il server OAuth

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

Google Account Linking: OAuth Authorization Code Flow

The following sequence diagram details interactions between the User, Google, and your service's endpoints.

User Google App / Browser Google Server Your Auth Endpoint Your Token Endpoint 1. User initiates linking 2. Redirect to Auth Endpoint (GET) client_id, redirect_uri, state, scope 3. Display Sign-in & Consent Screen 4. User Authenticates & Grants Consent 5. Redirect back to Google (GET) code, state 6. Handle redirect & pass code/state 7. Token Exchange (POST) grant_type=authorization_code, code 8. Return Tokens (200 OK) access_token, refresh_token 9. Store user tokens 10. Access user resources
Figure 1. The sequence of events in the OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code flow for Google Account Linking.

Roles and responsibilities

The following table defines the roles and responsibilities of the actors in the Google Account Linking (GAL) OAuth flow. Note that in GAL, Google acts as the OAuth Client, while your service acts as the Identity/Service Provider.

Actor / Component GAL Role Responsibilities
Google App / Server OAuth Client Initiates the flow, receives the authorization code, exchanges it for tokens, and securely stores them to access your service's APIs.
Your Authorization Endpoint Authorization Server Authenticates your users and obtains their consent to share access to their data with Google.
Your Token Exchange Endpoint Authorization Server Validates authorization codes and refresh tokens, and issues access tokens to the Google Server.
Google Redirect URI Callback Endpoint Receives the user redirect from your authorization service with the code and state values.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

  1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
  2. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
  3. Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
  4. Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
  5. After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Implementation Recipe

Follow these steps to implement the Authorization Code flow.

Step 1: Handle authorization requests

When Google initiates account linking, it redirects the user to your authorization endpoint. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Authorization Endpoint.

To handle the request, perform the following actions:

  1. Validate the request:

    • Confirm that the client_id matches the Client ID assigned to Google.
    • Confirm that the redirect_uri matches the expected Google redirect URL: none https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
    • Verify that response_type is code.
  2. Authenticate the user:

    • Check if the user is signed in to your service.
    • If the user is not signed in, prompt them to complete your sign-in or sign-up flow.
  3. Generate authorization code:

    • Create a unique, non-guessable authorization code associated with the user and client.
    • Set the code to expire in approximately 10 minutes.
  4. Redirect back to Google:

    • Redirect the browser to the URL provided in redirect_uri.
    • Append the following query parameters:
      • code: The authorization code you generated.
      • state: The unmodified state value received from Google.

Step 2: Handle token exchange requests

Your token exchange endpoint processes two types of requests: exchanging codes for tokens, and refreshing expired access tokens. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Token Exchange Endpoint.

A. Exchange authorization codes for tokens

When Google receives the authorization code, it calls your token exchange endpoint (POST) to retrieve tokens.

  1. Validate the request:

    • Verify client_id and client_secret.
    • Verify the authorization code is valid and not expired.
    • Confirm redirect_uri matches the value used in Step 1.
    • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.
  2. Issue tokens:

    • Generate a long-lived refresh_token and a short-lived access_token (typically 1 hour).
    • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the standard JSON token response.

B. Refresh access tokens

When the access token expires, Google requests a new one using the refresh token.

  1. Validate the request:

    • Verify client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token.
    • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.
  2. Issue new access token:

    • Generate a new short-lived access_token.
    • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the JSON token response (optionally including a new refresh token).
Gestire le richieste di informazioni utente

L'endpoint userinfo è una risorsa protetta da OAuth 2.0 che restituisce attestazioni sull'utente collegato. L'implementazione e l'hosting dell'endpoint userinfo sono facoltative, ad eccezione dei seguenti casi d'uso:

Dopo che il token di accesso è stato recuperato correttamente dall'endpoint del token, Google invia una richiesta all'endpoint userinfo per recuperare le informazioni di base del profilo dell'utente collegato.

intestazioni delle richieste endpoint userinfo
Authorization header Il token di accesso di tipo Bearer.

Ad esempio, se l'endpoint userinfo è disponibile su https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, una richiesta potrebbe avere il seguente aspetto:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Affinché l'endpoint userinfo possa gestire le richieste, segui questi passaggi:

  1. Estrai il token di accesso dall'intestazione Autorizzazione e restituisci le informazioni per l'utente associato al token di accesso.
  2. Se il token di accesso non è valido, restituisce un errore HTTP 401 Autorizzazione non autorizzata utilizzando l'intestazione della risposta WWW-Authenticate. Di seguito è riportato un esempio di risposta di errore userinfo:
    HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
    WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
    error_description="The Access Token expired"
    
    Se durante la procedura di collegamento viene restituito un errore 401 Autorizzazione o qualsiasi altra risposta di errore non riuscita durante la procedura di collegamento, l'errore non sarà recuperabile, il token recuperato verrà eliminato e l'utente dovrà avviare nuovamente la procedura di collegamento.
  3. Se il token di accesso è valido, restituisce e invia una risposta HTTP 200 con il seguente oggetto JSON nel corpo dell'HTTPS risposta:

    {
    "sub": "USER_UUID",
    "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
    "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
    "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
    "name": "FULL_NAME",
    "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
    }
    Se l'endpoint userinfo restituisce una risposta HTTP 200 riuscita, il token e le attestazioni recuperati vengono registrati in base all'Account Google dell'utente.

    risposta endpoint userinfo
    sub Un ID univoco che identifica l'utente nel sistema.
    email Indirizzo email dell'utente.
    given_name Facoltativo:nome dell'utente.
    family_name Facoltativo:il cognome dell'utente.
    name Facoltativo:nome completo dell'utente.
    picture (Facoltativo) Immagine del profilo dell'utente.

Convalidare l'implementazione

Puoi convalidare l'implementazione utilizzando lo strumento OAuth 2.0 Playground.

Nello strumento, segui questi passaggi:

  1. Fai clic su Configurazione per aprire la finestra di configurazione di OAuth 2.0.
  2. Nel campo Flusso OAuth, seleziona Lato client.
  3. Nel campo Endpoint OAuth, seleziona Personalizzato.
  4. Specifica l'endpoint OAuth 2.0 e l'ID client che hai assegnato a Google nei campi corrispondenti.
  5. Nella sezione Passaggio 1, non selezionare alcun ambito Google. Lascia invece questo campo vuoto o digita un ambito valido per il tuo server (o una stringa arbitraria se non utilizzi gli ambiti OAuth). Quando hai finito, fai clic su Autorizza API.
  6. Nelle sezioni Passaggio 2 e Passaggio 3, segui il flusso OAuth 2.0 e verifica che ogni passaggio funzioni come previsto.

Puoi convalidare l'implementazione utilizzando lo strumento Demo di collegamento dell'Account Google.

Nello strumento, segui questi passaggi:

  1. Fai clic sul pulsante Accedi con Google.
  2. Scegli l'account che vuoi collegare.
  3. Inserisci l'ID servizio.
  4. (Facoltativo) Inserisci uno o più ambiti per i quali richiederai l'accesso.
  5. Fai clic su Avvia demo.
  6. Quando richiesto, conferma che puoi dare il consenso e rifiutare la richiesta di collegamento.
  7. Verifica di essere reindirizzato alla tua piattaforma.