Vinculação da Conta do Google com o OAuth

As contas são vinculadas usando o fluxo padrão do setor de código de autorização do OAuth 2.0.

OAuth 2.1 e PKCE para agentes

Para agentes de IA sem estado e pipelines multimodais, é recomendável usar a aplicação do OAuth 2.1.

• PKCE (chave de prova para troca de código): precisa ser usado para proteger o fluxo do código de autorização, evitando ataques de interceptação.
• Sem fluxo implícito: o fluxo implícito expõe tokens de acesso no URL, o que é um risco de segurança para ambientes de agentes.

Seu serviço precisa oferecer suporte a endpoints de autorização e troca de tokens compatíveis com OAuth 2.0/2.1.

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Click Create project.
3. Enter a name or accept the generated suggestion.
4. Confirm or edit any remaining fields.
5. Click Create.

To view your project ID:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Find your project in the table on the landing page. The project ID appears in the ID column.

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

Implementar seu servidor OAuth

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

Google Account Linking: OAuth Authorization Code Flow

The following sequence diagram details interactions between the User, Google, and your service's endpoints.

Roles and responsibilities

The following table defines the roles and responsibilities of the actors in the Google Account Linking (GAL) OAuth flow. Note that in GAL, Google acts as the OAuth Client, while your service acts as the Identity/Service Provider.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
2. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
3. Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
4. Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
5. After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Implementation Recipe

Follow these steps to implement the Authorization Code flow.

Step 1: Handle authorization requests

When Google initiates account linking, it redirects the user to your authorization endpoint. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Authorization Endpoint.

To handle the request, perform the following actions:

1. Validate the request:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the Client ID assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the redirect_uri matches the expected Google redirect URL: none https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
   • Verify that response_type is code.

2. Authenticate the user:

   • Check if the user is signed in to your service.
   • If the user is not signed in, prompt them to complete your sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate authorization code:

   • Create a unique, non-guessable authorization code associated with the user and client.
   • Set the code to expire in approximately 10 minutes.

4. Redirect back to Google:

   • Redirect the browser to the URL provided in redirect_uri.
   • Append the following query parameters:
     • code: The authorization code you generated.
     • state: The unmodified state value received from Google.

Step 2: Handle token exchange requests

Your token exchange endpoint processes two types of requests: exchanging codes for tokens, and refreshing expired access tokens. For detailed protocol contracts and parameter requirements, see the Token Exchange Endpoint.

A. Exchange authorization codes for tokens

When Google receives the authorization code, it calls your token exchange endpoint (POST) to retrieve tokens.

1. Validate the request:

   • Verify client_id and client_secret.
   • Verify the authorization code is valid and not expired.
   • Confirm redirect_uri matches the value used in Step 1.
   • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.

2. Issue tokens:

   • Generate a long-lived refresh_token and a short-lived access_token (typically 1 hour).
   • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the standard JSON token response.

B. Refresh access tokens

When the access token expires, Google requests a new one using the refresh token.

1. Validate the request:

   • Verify client_id, client_secret, and refresh_token.
   • If validation fails, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request with {"error": "invalid_grant"}.

2. Issue new access token:

   • Generate a new short-lived access_token.
   • Return an HTTP 200 OK with the JSON token response (optionally including a new refresh token).

Processar solicitações userinfo

O endpoint userinfo é um recurso protegido pelo OAuth 2.0 que retorna declarações sobre o usuário vinculado. A implementação e hospedagem do endpoint userinfo é opcional, exceto nos seguintes casos de uso:

• Login da conta vinculada com o Google One Tap.
• Assinatura sem atrito no AndroidTV.

Depois que o token de acesso for recuperado do endpoint do token, o Google enviará uma solicitação ao endpoint de informações do usuário para recuperar informações básicas de perfil sobre o usuário vinculado.

Por exemplo, se seu ponto de extremidade de informações do usuário estiver disponível em https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, uma solicitação terá esta aparência:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

Para que o endpoint userinfo processe solicitações, siga estas etapas:

1. Extrair o token de acesso do cabeçalho "Autorização" e retornar as informações do usuário associado ao token de acesso.
2. Se o token de acesso for inválido, retorne o erro "HTTP 401 Unused" ao usar o cabeçalho de resposta WWW-Authenticate. Veja abaixo um exemplo de resposta de erro userinfo:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   Se uma resposta de erro "401 Não autorizado" ou outra resposta de erro for retornada durante o processo de vinculação, o erro não poderá ser recuperado, o token recuperado será descartado e o usuário terá que iniciar o processo de vinculação novamente.

3. Se o token de acesso for válido, retorne uma resposta HTTP 200 com o seguinte objeto JSON no corpo do HTTPS resposta:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   Se o seu endpoint de informações do usuário retornar uma resposta HTTP 200 bem-sucedida, o token e as reivindicações recuperados serão registrados na Conta do Google do usuário.

   resposta do endpoint userinfo
   sub	Um ID exclusivo que identifica o usuário no seu sistema.
   email	Endereço de e-mail do usuário.
   given_name	Opcional:nome do usuário.
   family_name	Opcional:sobrenome do usuário.
   name	Opcional:o nome completo do usuário.
   picture	Opcional:foto do perfil do usuário.

Como validar a implementação

Use a ferramenta OAuth 2.0 Playground para validar sua implementação.

Na ferramenta, siga estas etapas:

1. Clique em Configuração settings para abrir a janela de configuração do OAuth 2.0.
2. No campo Fluxo do OAuth, selecione Do lado do cliente.
3. No campo Endpoints OAuth, selecione Personalizado.
4. Especifique seu endpoint OAuth 2.0 e o ID do cliente atribuído ao Google nos campos correspondentes.
5. Na seção Etapa 1, não selecione nenhum escopo do Google. Em vez disso, deixe esse campo em branco ou digite um escopo válido para seu servidor (ou uma string arbitrária se você não usar escopos do OAuth). Quando terminar, clique em Autorizar APIs.
6. Nas seções Etapa 2 e Etapa 3, siga o fluxo do OAuth 2.0 e verifique se cada etapa funciona como esperado.

Você pode validar sua implementação usando a ferramenta Demonstração da Vinculação da Conta do Google.

Na ferramenta, siga estas etapas:

1. Clique no botão Fazer login com o Google.
2. Escolha a conta que você quer vincular.
3. Insira o ID do serviço.
4. Se quiser, insira um ou mais escopos para os quais você vai solicitar acesso.
5. Clique em Iniciar demonstração.
6. Quando solicitado, confirme que você pode consentir e negar o pedido de vinculação.
7. Confirme se você foi redirecionado para sua plataforma.