Vinculación de Cuentas de Google con OAuth

Las cuentas se vinculan con los flujos implícitos y de código de autorización de OAuth 2.0 estándar de la industria. Tu servicio debe admitir extremos de autorización y de intercambio de tokens que cumplan con OAuth 2.0.

En el flujo implícito, Google abre el extremo de autorización en el navegador del usuario. Después de acceder correctamente, devuelves un token de acceso de larga duración a Google. Este token de acceso ahora se incluye en cada solicitud que se envía desde Google.

En el flujo de código de autorización, necesitas dos extremos:

• El extremo de autorización, que presenta la IU de acceso a los usuarios que aún no accedieron El extremo de autorización también crea un código de autorización de corta duración para registrar el consentimiento de los usuarios para el acceso solicitado.

• El extremo de intercambio de tokens, que es responsable de dos tipos de intercambios:

  1. Intercambia un código de autorización por un token de actualización de larga duración y un token de acceso de corta duración. Este intercambio se produce cuando el usuario pasa por el flujo de vinculación de cuentas.
  2. Intercambia un token de actualización de larga duración por un token de acceso de corta duración. Este intercambio se produce cuando Google necesita un nuevo token de acceso porque venció.

Elige un flujo de OAuth 2.0

Si bien el flujo implícito es más fácil de implementar, Google recomienda que los tokens de acceso emitidos por el flujo implícito nunca venzan. Esto se debe a que el usuario se ve obligado a volver a vincular su cuenta después de que vence un token con el flujo implícito. Si necesitas que el token venza por motivos de seguridad, te recomendamos que uses el flujo de código de autorización en su lugar.

Lineamientos de diseño

En esta sección, se describen los requisitos y las recomendaciones de diseño para la pantalla del usuario que alojas para los flujos de vinculación de OAuth. Después de que la app de Google le hace una llamada, tu plataforma le muestra al usuario una página de acceso a Google y una pantalla de consentimiento para la vinculación de cuentas. Se redirecciona al usuario a la app de Google después de que da su consentimiento para vincular las cuentas.

Requisitos

1. Debes comunicar que la cuenta del usuario se vinculará a Google, no a un producto específico de Google, como Google Home o Asistente de Google.

Recomendaciones

Te recomendamos que hagas lo siguiente:

1. Mostrar la Política de Privacidad de Google Incluye un vínculo a la Política de Privacidad de Google en la pantalla de consentimiento.

2. Datos que se compartirán. Usa un lenguaje claro y conciso para indicarle al usuario qué datos requiere Google y por qué.

3. Llamado a la acción claro. Indica un llamado a la acción claro en la pantalla de consentimiento, como "Aceptar y vincular". Esto se debe a que los usuarios deben comprender qué datos deben compartir con Google para vincular sus cuentas.

4. Capacidad de cancelar. Proporciona una forma para que los usuarios regresen o cancelen si deciden no realizar la vinculación.

5. Proceso de acceso claro. Asegúrate de que los usuarios tengan un método claro para acceder a su Cuenta de Google, como campos para su nombre de usuario y contraseña, o Acceder con Google.

6. Capacidad de desvincular. Ofrece un mecanismo para que los usuarios se desvinculen, como una URL que dirija a la configuración de su cuenta en tu plataforma. Como alternativa, puedes incluir un vínculo a la Cuenta de Google en el que los usuarios puedan administrar su cuenta vinculada.

7. Capacidad de cambiar la cuenta de usuario. Sugiere un método para que los usuarios cambien de cuenta. Esto es especialmente beneficioso si los usuarios suelen tener varias cuentas.

   • Si un usuario debe cerrar la pantalla de consentimiento para cambiar de cuenta, envía un error recuperable a Google para que el usuario pueda acceder a la cuenta deseada con la vinculación de OAuth y el flujo implícito.

8. Incluye tu logotipo. Mostrar el logotipo de tu empresa en la pantalla de consentimiento Usa tus lineamientos de estilo para colocar el logotipo. Si también deseas mostrar el logotipo de Google, consulta Logotipos y marcas comerciales.

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Haz clic en Crear proyecto .
3. Ingrese un nombre o acepte la sugerencia generada.
4. Confirme o edite los campos restantes.
5. Haz clic en Crear .

To view your project ID:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Find your project in the table on the landing page. The project ID appears in the ID column.

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

Implementa tu servidor de OAuth

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
2. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
3. Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
4. Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
5. After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Handle authorization requests

When you need to perform account linking using the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&scope=REQUESTED_SCOPES&response_type=code&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify that the client_id matches the Client ID you assigned to Google, and that the redirect_uri matches the redirect URL provided by Google for your service. These checks are important to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps. If you support multiple OAuth 2.0 flows, also confirm that the response_type is code.
2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.
3. Generate an authorization code for Google to use to access your API. The authorization code can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user, the client the token is for, and the code's expiration time, and it must not be guessable. You typically issue authorization codes that expire after approximately 10 minutes.
4. Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     

5. Redirect the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include the authorization code you just generated and the original, unmodified state value when you redirect by appending the code and state parameters. The following is an example of the resulting URL:

   https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID?code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&state=STATE_STRING

Handle token exchange requests

Your service's token exchange endpoint is responsible for two kinds of token exchanges:

• Exchange authorization codes for access tokens and refresh tokens
• Exchange refresh tokens for access tokens

Token exchange requests include the following parameters:

Exchange authorization codes for access tokens and refresh tokens

After the user signs in and your authorization endpoint returns a short-lived authorization code to Google, Google sends a request to your token exchange endpoint to exchange the authorization code for an access token and a refresh token.

For these requests, the value of grant_type is authorization_code, and the value of code is the value of the authorization code you previously granted to Google. The following is an example of a request to exchange an authorization code for an access token and a refresh token:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET&grant_type=authorization_code&code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI

To exchange authorization codes for an access token and a refresh token, your token exchange endpoint responds to POST requests by executing the following steps:

1. Verify that the client_id identifies the request origin as an authorized origin, and that the client_secret matches the expected value.
2. Verify that the authorization code is valid and not expired, and that the client ID specified in the request matches the client ID associated with the authorization code.
3. Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter is identical to the value used in the initial authorization request.
4. If you can't verify all of the above criteria, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request error with {"error": "invalid_grant"} as the body.
5. Otherwise, use the user ID from the authorization code to generate a refresh token and an access token. These tokens can be any string value, but they must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for, and they must not be guessable. For access tokens, also record the expiration time of the token, which is typically an hour after you issue the token. Refresh tokens don't expire.
6. Return the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "token_type": "Bearer",
   "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
   "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
   "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
   }

Google stores the access token and the refresh token for the user and records the expiration of the access token. When the access token expires, Google uses the refresh token to get a new access token from your token exchange endpoint.

Exchange refresh tokens for access tokens

When an access token expires, Google sends a request to your token exchange endpoint to exchange a refresh token for a new access token.

For these requests, the value of grant_type is refresh_token, and the value of refresh_token is the value of the refresh token you previously granted to Google. The following is an example of a request to exchange a refresh token for an access token:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN

To exchange a refresh token for an access token, your token exchange endpoint responds to POST requests by executing the following steps:

1. Verify that the client_id identifies the request origin as Google, and that the client_secret matches the expected value.
2. Verify that the refresh token is valid, and that the client ID specified in the request matches the client ID associated with the refresh token.
3. If you can't verify all of the above criteria, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request error with {"error": "invalid_grant"} as the body.
4. Otherwise, use the user ID from the refresh token to generate an access token. These tokens can be any string value, but they must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for, and they must not be guessable. For access tokens, also record the expiration time of the token, typically an hour after you issue the token.
5. Return the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "token_type": "Bearer",
   "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
   "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
   }

Handle userinfo requests

The userinfo endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected resource that return claims about the linked user. Implementing and hosting the userinfo endpoint is optional, except for the following use cases:

• Linked Account Sign-In with Google One Tap.
• Frictionless subscription on AndroidTV.

After the access token has been successfully retrieved from your token endpoint, Google sends a request to your userinfo endpoint to retrieve basic profile information about the linked user.

For example, if your userinfo endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, a request might look like the following:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

For your userinfo endpoint to handle requests, do the following steps:

1. Extract access token from the Authorization header and return information for the user associated with the access token.
2. If the access token is invalid, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error with using the WWW-Authenticate Response Header. Below is an example of a userinfo error response:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   If a 401 Unauthorized, or any other unsuccessful error response is returned during the linking process, the error will be non-recoverable, the retrieved token will be discarded and the user will have to initiate the linking process again.

3. If the access token is valid, return and HTTP 200 response with the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   If your userinfo endpoint returns an HTTP 200 success response, the retrieved token and claims are registered against the user's Google account.

   userinfo endpoint response
   sub	A unique ID that identifies the user in your system.
   email	Email address of the user.
   given_name	Optional: First name of the user.
   family_name	Optional: Last name of the user.
   name	Optional: Full name of the user.
   picture	Optional: Profile picture of the user.

Cómo validar la implementación

Puedes validar tu implementación con la herramienta OAuth 2.0 Playground.

En la herramienta, sigue estos pasos:

1. Haz clic en Configuración settings para abrir la ventana de configuración de OAuth 2.0.
2. En el campo Flujo de OAuth, selecciona Del cliente.
3. En el campo Extremos de OAuth, selecciona Personalizado.
4. Especifica tu extremo de OAuth 2.0 y el ID de cliente que le asignaste a Google en los campos correspondientes.
5. En la sección Paso 1, no selecciones ningún alcance de Google. En su lugar, deja este campo en blanco o escribe un alcance válido para tu servidor (o una cadena arbitraria si no usas permisos de OAuth). Cuando termines, haz clic en Autorizar APIs.
6. En las secciones Paso 2 y Paso 3, revisa el flujo de OAuth 2.0 y verifica que cada paso funcione según lo previsto.

Puedes validar tu implementación con la herramienta de demostración de vinculación de Cuentas de Google.

En la herramienta, sigue estos pasos:

1. Haz clic en el botón Acceder con Google.
2. Elige la cuenta que quieres vincular.
3. Ingresa el ID del servicio.
4. De forma opcional, ingresa uno o más permisos para los que solicitarás acceso.
5. Haz clic en Iniciar demostración.
6. Cuando se te solicite, confirma que puedes dar tu consentimiento y rechazar la solicitud de vinculación.
7. Confirma que se te redireccionó a tu plataforma.