OAuth로 Google 계정 연결

계정은 업계 표준 OAuth 2.0 암시적 흐름 및 승인 코드 흐름을 사용하여 연결됩니다. 서비스가 OAuth 2.0을 준수하는 승인 및 토큰 교환 엔드포인트를 지원해야 합니다.

In the implicit flow, Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. After successful sign in, you return a long-lived access token to Google. This access token is now included in every request sent from Google.

In the authorization code flow, you need two endpoints:

• The authorization endpoint, which presents the sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in. The authorization endpoint also creates a short-lived authorization code to record users' consent to the requested access.

• The token exchange endpoint, which is responsible for two types of exchanges:

  1. Exchanges an authorization code for a long-lived refresh token and a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when the user goes through the account linking flow.
  2. Exchanges a long-lived refresh token for a short-lived access token. This exchange happens when Google needs a new access token because the one it had expired.

Choose an OAuth 2.0 flow

Although the implicit flow is simpler to implement, Google recommends that access tokens issued by the implicit flow never expire. This is because the user is forced to link their account again after a token expires with the implicit flow. If you need token expiration for security reasons, we strongly recommend that you use the authorization code flow instead.

Design guidelines

This section describes the design requirements and recommendations for the user screen that you host for OAuth linking flows. After it's called by Google's app, your platform displays a sign in to Google page and account linking consent screen to the user. The user is directed back to Google's app after giving their consent to link accounts.

Requirements

1. You must communicate that the user’s account will be linked to Google, not a specific Google product like Google Home or Google Assistant.

Recommendations

We recommend that you do the following:

1. Display Google's Privacy Policy. Include a link to Google’s Privacy Policy on the consent screen.

2. Data to be shared. Use clear and concise language to tell the user what data of theirs Google requires and why.

3. Clear call-to-action. State a clear call-to-action on your consent screen, such as “Agree and link.” This is because users need to understand what data they're required to share with Google to link their accounts.

4. Ability to cancel. Provide a way for users to go back or cancel, if they choose not to link.

5. Clear sign-in process. Ensure that users have clear method for signing in to their Google account, such as fields for their username and password or Sign in with Google.

6. Ability to unlink. Offer a mechanism for users to unlink, such as a URL to their account settings on your platform. Alternatively, you can include a link to Google Account where users can manage their linked account.

7. Ability to change user account. Suggest a method for users to switch their account(s). This is especially beneficial if users tend to have multiple accounts.

   • If a user must close the consent screen to switch accounts, send a recoverable error to Google so the user can sign in to the desired account with OAuth linking and the implicit flow.

8. Include your logo. Display your company logo on the consent screen. Use your style guidelines to place your logo. If you wish to also display Google's logo, see Logos and trademarks.

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Click Create project.
3. Enter a name or accept the generated suggestion.
4. Confirm or edit any remaining fields.
5. Click Create.

프로젝트 ID를 보려면

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. 방문 페이지의 표에서 프로젝트를 찾으십시오. 프로젝트 ID가 ID 열에 나타납니다.

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

OAuth 서버 구현

To support the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, your service makes an authorization endpoint available by HTTPS. This endpoint is responsible for authentication and obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's authorized APIs, Google uses this endpoint to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

A typical OAuth 2.0 implicit flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
2. Your service creates an access token and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the access token attached to the request.
3. Google calls your service's APIs and attaches the access token with each request. Your service verifies that the access token grants Google authorization to access the API and then completes the API call.

Handle authorization requests

When a Google application needs to perform account linking via an OAuth 2.0 implicit flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&response_type=token&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify the client_id and redirect_uri values to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps:

   • Confirm that the client_id matches the client ID you assigned to Google.
   • Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     

2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.

3. Generate an access token for Google to use to access your API. The access token can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for and must not be guessable.

4. Send an HTTP response that redirects the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include all of the following parameters in the URL fragment:

   • access_token: The access token you just generated
   • token_type: The string bearer
   • state: The unmodified state value from the original request

   The following is an example of the resulting URL:

   https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID#access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&token_type=bearer&state=STATE_STRING

Google's OAuth 2.0 redirect handler receives the access token and confirms that the state value hasn't changed. After Google has obtained an access token for your service, Google attaches the token to subsequent calls to your service APIs.

사용자 정보 요청 처리

userinfo 엔드포인트는 연결된 사용자에 대한 클레임을 반환하는 OAuth 2.0 보호 리소스입니다. 다음 사용 사례를 제외하고 userinfo 엔드포인트를 구현하고 호스팅하는 것은 선택사항입니다.

• Google 원탭을 사용한 연결된 계정 로그인
• AndroidTV의 원활한 구독

토큰 엔드포인트에서 액세스 토큰을 성공적으로 가져오면 Google은 사용자 정보 엔드포인트에 요청을 보내 연결된 사용자에 대한 기본 프로필 정보를 가져옵니다.

예를 들어 https://myservice.example.com/userinfo인 경우 요청은 다음과 같을 수 있습니다.

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

userinfo 엔드포인트에서 요청을 처리하려면 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

1. 승인 헤더에서 액세스 토큰을 추출하고 액세스 토큰과 연결된 사용자의 정보를 반환합니다.
2. 액세스 토큰이 유효하지 않은 경우 WWW-Authenticate 응답 헤더를 사용하여 HTTP 401 승인되지 않은 오류를 반환합니다. 다음은 userinfo 오류 응답의 예입니다.

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   연결 과정 중에 401 승인되지 않음 또는 기타 실패한 오류 응답이 반환되면 오류는 복구할 수 없으며 검색된 토큰은 삭제되며 사용자는 연결 프로세스를 다시 시작해야 합니다.

3. 액세스 토큰이 유효하면 HTTPS 본문에 다음 JSON 객체가 포함된 HTTP 200 응답을 반환합니다. 응답:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }
   

   userinfo 엔드포인트가 HTTP 200 성공 응답을 반환하는 경우 가져온 토큰과 클레임은 사용자의 Google 계정에 등록됩니다.

   사용자 정보 엔드포인트 응답
   sub	시스템에서 사용자를 식별하는 고유 ID
   email	사용자의 이메일 주소입니다.
   given_name	선택사항: 사용자의 이름입니다.
   family_name	선택사항: 사용자의 성.
   name	선택사항: 사용자의 전체 이름입니다.
   picture	선택사항: 사용자의 프로필 사진입니다.

구현 확인

OAuth 2.0 플레이그라운드 도구를 사용하여 구현을 검증할 수 있습니다.

도구에서 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

1. 구성 settings을 클릭하여 OAuth 2.0 구성 창을 엽니다.
2. OAuth 흐름 입력란에서 클라이언트 측을 선택합니다.
3. OAuth 엔드포인트 필드에서 맞춤을 선택합니다.
4. 해당 필드에 OAuth 2.0 엔드포인트와 Google에 할당한 클라이언트 ID를 지정합니다.
5. 1단계 섹션에서 Google 범위를 선택하지 않습니다. 대신 이 필드를 비워 두거나 서버에 유효한 범위 (또는 OAuth 범위를 사용하지 않는 경우 임의의 문자열)를 입력합니다. 완료되면 API 승인을 클릭합니다.
6. 2단계 및 3단계 섹션에서 OAuth 2.0 흐름을 진행하고 각 단계가 의도한 대로 작동하는지 확인합니다.

Google 계정 연결 데모 도구를 사용하여 구현을 확인할 수 있습니다.

도구에서 다음 단계를 수행합니다.

1. Google 계정으로 로그인 버튼을 클릭합니다.
2. 연결할 계정을 선택합니다.
3. 서비스 ID를 입력합니다.
4. 원하는 경우 액세스를 요청할 범위를 하나 이상 입력합니다.
5. 데모 시작을 클릭합니다.
6. 메시지가 표시되면 연결 요청에 동의하고 거부할 수 있음을 확인합니다.
7. 플랫폼으로 리디렉션되는지 확인합니다.