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Glossário do Sandbox de privacidade

Os artigos e a documentação do Sandbox de privacidade pressupõem que você conhece os conceitos de privacidade, publicidade e desenvolvimento da Web. Este glossário explica os principais termos.

Leilão de anúncios (API Protected Audience)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

Criativo do anúncio, criativo

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad Exchange

An ad exchange is a platform to automate buying and selling of ad inventory from multiple ad networks.

Inventário de anúncios, espaço publicitário

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Plataforma de publicidade (tecnologia de publicidade)

Uma plataforma de publicidade é uma empresa que presta serviços para veicular anúncios.

Advertiser

An advertiser is a company that pays to advertise its products.

Relatórios agregáveis

Os relatórios agregáveis são relatórios criptografados enviados de dispositivos de usuários específicos. Esses relatórios contêm dados sobre o comportamento do usuário em vários sites e as conversões. As conversões (às vezes chamadas de eventos acionadores de atribuição) e as métricas associadas são definidas pelo anunciante ou pela adtech. Cada relatório é criptografado para evitar que várias partes acessem os dados.

Declaração

O atestado é um mecanismo para autenticar a identidade do software, geralmente com hashes criptográficos ou assinaturas. Para a proposta de serviço de agregação, o atestado corresponde o código em execução no serviço de agregação operado por tecnologias de publicidade com o código-fonte aberto.

Atribuição

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

Negociante

A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.

Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.

Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.

Chromium

Chromium is an open-source web browser project. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera and other browsers are based on Chromium.

Conversão de clique (CTC)

A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.

Taxa de cliques (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

Conversão

A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.

For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Coordenador

Um coordenador é uma entidade responsável pelo gerenciamento de chaves e pela contabilidade de relatórios agregáveis. O coordenador mantém uma lista de hashes de configurações aprovadas do serviço de agregação e configura o acesso às chaves de descriptografia.

Dados aproximados

Plataforma de gerenciamento de dados (DMP, na sigla em inglês)

A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.

Learn more about DMPs.

Plataforma de demanda (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privacidade diferencial

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

Domínio

Domínio. Consulte Domínio de nível superior e eTLD.

Entropia

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Período

In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.

eTLD+1

eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.

For example:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com to be a different site from bar.appspot.com. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com, and the whole site name (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) is known as the eTLD+1.

Relatório de eventos

Os relatórios de evento associam um determinado clique ou visualização do anúncio (no lado do anúncio) aos dados do lado da conversão. Para preservar a privacidade do usuário limitando a combinação de identidades de usuário entre sites, os dados de conversão são muito limitados e têm ruído.

API Federated Credential Management (FedCM)

Federated Credential Management API is a proposal for a privacy-preserving approach to federated identity services. This will allow users to log into sites without sharing their personal information with the identity service or the site.

FedCM was previously known as WebID, and is still in development in the W3C.

Identidade federada (login federado)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Frame isolado

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Impressão digital

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Superfície de impressão digital

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

Integração própria

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

I2E

Intent to Experiment (I2E) é o anúncio de um plano para disponibilizar um novo recurso Blink aos usuários para teste, geralmente em um teste de origem.

I2EE

A intent para estender o experimento (I2EE, na sigla em inglês) é um anúncio de um plano para estender a duração de um teste de origem.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) is an announcement of a plan to make a new feature of Blink available to users in stable versions of Chrome.

Impressão

Impression could refer to either:

View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

Grupo de interesse

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventário

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k-anonimato

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

Valor de uso único

Um valor de uso único é um número arbitrário usado apenas uma vez em comunicação criptográfica.

Origem

Uma origem é definida pelo esquema (protocolo), nome do host (domínio) e porta do URL usado para acessá-la.

Exemplo: https://developer.chrome.com

Teste de origem

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Superfície passiva

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

API Protected Audience

A API Protected Audience é o novo nome da API FLEDGE.

Editor

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Alcance

Reach represents the total number of people who see an ad or who visit a web page that displays the ad.

Lances em tempo real (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

Remarketing

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Origem do relatório

A origem do relatório é a entidade que recebe relatórios agregáveis, ou seja, a adtech que chamou a API Attribution Reporting. Os relatórios agregáveis são enviados de dispositivos dos usuários para um URL conhecido associado ao relatório origem. Essa origem de relatórios precisa ser designada durante a inscrição.

Fator de dimensionamento

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Vendedor

O vendedor é quem faz um leilão de anúncios, provavelmente é uma SSP ou talvez o próprio editor.

Site

A site is equivalent to an eTLD+1 along with a scheme (protocol).

Particionamento de armazenamento

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Relatório do resumo

Um relatório de resumo é um tipo de relatório da API Attribution Reporting e da API Private Aggregation. Um resumo inclui dados agregados do usuário e pode conter dados de conversão detalhados, com adição de ruído. Os relatórios de resumo são compostos por relatórios agregados. Os relatórios de resumo oferecem mais flexibilidade e um modelo de dados mais rico do que os relatórios de evento, principalmente para alguns casos de uso, como valores de conversão.

Plataforma de fornecimento, plataforma de venda

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Superfície

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.

For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.

Domínio de nível superior (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

Ambiente de execução confiável (TEE)

Um ambiente de execução confiável é uma configuração especial de hardware e software de computador que permite as partes para verificar as versões exatas do software em execução no computador. TEEs permitem que partes externas verifiquem se o software faz exatamente o que fabricante do software afirma que sim, nada mais ou menos.

Para saber mais sobre os TEEs usados para as propostas do Sandbox de privacidade, leia a explicação dos serviços da API Protected Audience e a explicação do serviço de agregação.

Dicas de cliente HTTP do user agent (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

String do user agent

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.