Glosario de Privacy Sandbox

Los artículos y la documentación de Privacy Sandbox suponen un conocimiento de conceptos de privacidad, publicidad y desarrollo web. En este glosario se explican los términos clave.

Subasta de anuncios (API de Protected Audience)

In the Protected Audience API, an ad auction is run by a seller (likely to be an SSP or maybe the publisher itself), in JavaScript code in the browser on the user's device, to sell ad space on a site that displays ads.

Creatividad del anuncio, creatividad

Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.

Ad Exchange

Un intercambio de anuncios es una plataforma para automatizar la compra y venta del inventario de anuncios de varias redes de publicidad.

Inventario de anuncios, espacio publicitario

Ad inventory space is the space or spaces for ads that are available from a site that sells ad space.

Plataforma de anuncios (tecnología de anuncios)

An ad platform is a company that provides services to deliver ads.

Advertiser

Un anunciante es una empresa que paga para anunciar sus productos.

Informes agregables

Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.

Learn more about aggregatable reports.

Certificación

La certificación es un mecanismo para autenticar la identidad de software, por lo general, con hashes criptográficos o firmas. Para la propuesta de servicio de agregación, la certificación hace coincidir el código que se ejecuta en el servicio de agregación operado por la tecnología publicitaria con el código fuente abierto.

Atribución

Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.

For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.

Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.

Comprador

Un comprador es una parte que oferta por un espacio publicitario en una subasta de anuncios, que probablemente sea una DSP, o tal vez el propio anunciante. Los compradores de espacios publicitarios son propietarios y administradores de grupos de interés.

Los publicadores ponen a disposición el inventario de anuncios a través de mercados llamados Ad Exchange, y los compradores compiten en tiempo real a través de una DSP por la oportunidad de colocar su anuncio.

Obtén información sobre los compradores de espacio publicitario en la API de Protected Audience.

Chromium

Chromium es un proyecto de navegador web de código abierto. Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Opera y otros navegadores se basan en Chromium.

Conversión posclic (CTC)

Una conversión posclic es una conversión que se atribuye a un anuncio en el que se hizo clic.

Tasa de clics (CTR)

The click-through rate is the ratio of users who click on an ad, having seen it.

See also impression.

Conversión

Una conversión es la finalización de un objetivo deseado después de la acción de un usuario.

Por ejemplo, se puede generar una conversión con la compra de un producto o el registro para recibir un boletín informativo después de hacer clic en un anuncio que se vincula con el sitio del anunciante.

A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.

For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.

Coordinador

Entities responsible for key management and aggregatable report accounting. A Coordinator maintains a list of hashes of approved aggregation service configurations and configures access to decryption keys.

Datos aproximados

Plataforma de administración de datos (DMP)

Una plataforma de administración de datos es un software que se utiliza para recopilar y gestionar datos relevantes para los anunciantes. Estas plataformas ayudan a los anunciantes y publicadores a identificar segmentos de público, que luego se pueden usar para la segmentación de campañas.

Obtenga más información sobre las DMP.

Plataforma orientada a la demanda (DSP)

A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.

Privacidad diferencial

Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.

Dominio

Dominio. Consulta Dominio de nivel superior y eTLD.

Entropía

Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.

Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.

Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.

Ciclo de entrenamiento

En la API de Topics, un ciclo de entrenamiento es el período durante el cual el navegador infiere temas para un usuario en función de su actividad de navegación. Actualmente, está configurada en una semana.

eTLD y eTLD+1

Los eTLD son dominios de nivel superior (TLD) eficaces que se definen según el Lista pública de sufijos.

Por ejemplo:

co.uk 
github.io 
glitch.me

Los TLD eficaces permiten que foo.appspot.com sea un sitio diferente de bar.appspot.com En este caso, el eTLD es appspot.com y todo (foo.appspot.com, bar.appspot.com) se conoce como eTLD+1.

Consulta también Dominio de nivel superior.

Informe de nivel del evento

Los informes a nivel del evento asocian una vista o un clic específico en el anuncio (en el lado del anuncio) con los datos de la conversión. Para preservar la privacidad del usuario mediante la limitación de la identificación de identidades del usuario en diferentes sitios, los datos orientados a las conversiones son muy limitados y los datos son ruidosos.

API de Federated Credential Management (FedCM)

La API de Federated Credential Management es una propuesta para un enfoque que preserva la privacidad de los servicios de identidad federada. Esto permitirá a los usuarios acceder a sitios sin compartir su información personal con el servicio de identidad o el sitio.

FedCM antes se conocía como WebID y todavía está en desarrollo en W3C.

Identidad federada (acceso federado)

Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.

Marco cercado

A (<fencedframe>) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to an iframe. Unlike iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding context.

Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.

Huella digital

Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.

Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.

Superficie de huella digital

A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.

For example, the navigator.userAgent() JavaScript method and the User-Agent HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent string).

Propia

First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.

For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com and includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from developer.chrome.com stored while you're on this site are called first-party cookies.

See also Third-party.

A first-party cookie is a cookie stored by a website while a user is on the site itself.

For example, an online store might ask a browser to store a cookie in order to retain shopping cart details for a user who is not logged in. See also Third-party cookies.

I2E

La intención de experimento (I2E) es el anuncio de un plan para poner a disposición de los usuarios una nueva función de Blink a fin de probarla, por lo general, mediante una prueba de origen.

I2EE

Intent to Extend Experiment (I2EE) is an announcement of a plan to extend the duration of an origin trial.

I2P

Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.

I2S

Intent to Ship (I2S) es un anuncio de un plan para poner a disposición de los usuarios una nueva función de Blink en versiones estables de Chrome.

Impresión

Impression could refer to either:

  • View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
  • An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.

Grupo de interés

In the Protected Audience API, formerly FLEDGE, an interest group represents a group of people with a common interest, corresponding to a remarketing list.

Every interest group has an owner. Different types of owners will create different types of interest groups with different use cases.

Inventario

Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div> tags) where ads can be displayed.

k‑anonimato

K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).

Nonce

Un nonce es un número arbitrario que se usa solo una vez en la comunicación criptográfica.

Origen

An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.

For example: https://developer.chrome.com

Prueba de origen

Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.

When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.

Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.

Superficie pasiva

Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.

Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.

The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.

API de Protected Audience

La API de Protected Audience es el nuevo nombre de la API de FLEDGE.

Publicador

In the Privacy Sandbox context, a publisher is a site with ad space that is paid to display ads.

Alcance

El alcance representa la cantidad total de personas que ven un anuncio o que visitan una página web que muestra el anuncio.

Ofertas en tiempo real (RTB)

Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.

Remarketing

Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.

For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.

Origen de los informes

The entity that receives aggregatable reports—in other words, you or an ad tech that called the Attribution Reporting API. Aggregatable reports are sent from user devices to a well-known URL associated with the reporting origin. The reporting origin is designated during enrollment.

Factor de escala

Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.

Vendedor

Un vendedor es la parte que ejecuta una subasta de anuncios, que probablemente sea una SSP o tal vez el propio publicador.

Sitio

Un sitio equivale a un eTLD+1 junto con un esquema (protocolo).

Consulta también Dominio de nivel superior.

Partición de almacenamiento

Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.

Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.

Informe de resumen

Un informe de resumen es un tipo de informe de la API de Attribution Reporting y la API de Private Aggregation. Un resumen incluye datos agregados del usuario y puede tener datos de conversiones detallados con ruido agregado. Los informes de resumen se componen de informes agregados. Los informes de resumen permiten una mayor flexibilidad y un modelo de datos más rico que los informes a nivel del evento, en particular para algunos casos de uso, como los valores de conversión.

Plataforma de proveedores, plataforma orientada a la venta

A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.

Superficie

Surface. See Fingerprinting surface and Passive surface.

Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.

For example, a website foo.com might use analytics code from google-analytics.com (via JavaScript), fonts from use.typekit.net (via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com (in an iframe). See also First-party.

Una cookie de terceros es una cookie almacenada por un servicio de terceros.

Por ejemplo, un sitio web de videos podría incluir el botón Ver más tarde en su reproductor incorporado para permitir que el usuario agregue un video a su lista de deseos sin obligarlo a navegar al sitio de videos.

Consulta también Cookie propia.

Dominio de nivel superior (TLD)

Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.

See also eTLD, site.

Entorno de ejecución confiable (TEE)

A secure configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the machine without fear of exposure. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.

To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.

Client Hints de usuario-agente (UA-CH)

User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.

UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."

String de usuario-agente

A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.

.well-known

.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.

For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password to the change password page of the site.

In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a host before making a request. For example, robots.txt tells web crawlers which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF RFC8615 outlines a standardized way to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/ subdirectory.

See a list of recommendations for .well-known at iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.

Worklet

A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.

Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.