プライバシー サンドボックスに関する記事とドキュメントは、プライバシー、広告、ウェブ開発のコンセプトに関する知識があることを前提としています。この用語集では、主な用語について説明します。
広告オークション(Protected Audience API)
Protected Audience API では、販売者(SSP やパブリッシャー自体など)が、ユーザーのブラウザの JavaScript コードを使用して広告オークションを行い、広告を表示するサイト上の広告スペースを販売します。
広告クリエイティブ、クリエイティブ
Ad creative refers to the contents of the ad served to users. Creatives can be images, videos, audio, and other formats. Creatives live within an ad space, and are served by ad tech within line items.
Ad Exchange
アド エクスチェンジは、複数の広告ネットワークの広告広告枠の売買を自動化するプラットフォームです。
広告枠、広告スペース
広告枠スペースとは、広告スペースを販売するサイトから利用できる広告用のスペースです。
広告プラットフォーム(広告テクノロジー)
広告プラットフォームとは、広告を配信するためのサービスを提供している企業です。
広告主様
広告主とは、自社の商品を宣伝するために料金を支払う企業です。
集計可能レポート
Aggregatable reports are encrypted reports sent from individual user devices. These reports contain data about cross-site user behavior and conversions. Conversions (sometimes called attribution trigger events) and associated metrics are defined by the advertiser or ad tech. Each report is encrypted to prevent various parties from accessing the underlying data.
宣誓
構成証明は、ソフトウェア ID を認証するメカニズムであり、通常は暗号ハッシュまたは署名を使用します。集計サービスの提案では、構成証明は、広告テクノロジーが運営する集計サービスで実行されているコードとオープンソース コードを照合します。
帰属
Attribution refers to the identification of user actions that contribute to an outcome.
For example, a correlation of ad clicks or views with conversions.
Blink
Blink is the rendering engine used by Chrome, developed as part of the Chromium project.
バイヤー
A buyer is a party bidding for ad space in an ad auction, likely to be a DSP, or maybe the advertiser itself. Ad space buyers own and manage interest groups.
Publishers make ad inventory available through marketplaces called ad exchanges, and buyers compete in real time through a DSP for the opportunity to place their advertisement.
Learn about ad space buyers in the Protected Audience API.
Chromium
Chromium はオープンソースのウェブブラウザ プロジェクトです。Chrome、Microsoft Edge、Opera などのブラウザは Chromium をベースにしています
クリックスルー コンバージョン(CTC)
A click-through conversion is a conversion attributed to an ad that was clicked.
クリック率(CTR)
クリック率は、広告をクリックしたユーザーの割合です。
コンバージョン
A conversion is the completion of some desired goal following action by a user.
For example, a conversion may occur with the purchase of a product or sign-up for a newsletter after clicking an ad that links to the advertiser's site.
Cookie
A cookie is a small piece of textual data that websites can store on a user's browser. Cookies can be used by a website to save information associated with a user (or a reference to data stored on the website's backend servers) as the user moves across the web.
For example, an online store can retain shopping cart details even if a user is not logged in, or the site could record the user's browsing activity on their site. See First-party cookie and Third-party cookie.
コーディネーター
コーディネーターは、鍵の管理と集計可能レポートの会計を担当するエンティティです。コーディネーターは、承認された集計サービス構成のハッシュのリストを保持し、復号鍵へのアクセスを構成します。
大まかなデータ
データ管理プラットフォーム(DMP)
A data management platform is software used to collect and manage data relevant for advertisers. These platforms help advertisers and publishers identify audience segments, which can then be used for campaign targeting.
Learn more about DMPs.
デマンドサイド プラットフォーム(DSP)
A demand-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate ad purchasing. DSPs are used by advertisers to buy ad impressions across a range of publisher sites.
差分プライバシー
Differential privacy refers to techniques to allow sharing of information about a dataset to reveal patterns of behaviour without revealing private information about individuals or whether they belong to the dataset.
ドメイン
ドメイン。トップレベル ドメインと eTLD をご覧ください。
エントロピー
Entropy, in the privacy domain, is a measure of how much an item of data reveals individual identity.
Data entropy is measured in bits. The more that data reveals identity, the higher its entropy value.
Data can be combined to identify an individual, but it can be difficult to work out whether new data adds to entropy. For example, knowing a person is from Australia doesn't reduce entropy if you already know the person is from Kangaroo Island.
エポック
In the Topics API, an epoch is the period of time during which the browser infers topics for a user based on their browsing activity. It is currently set to one week.
eTLD、eTLD+1
eTLDs are effective top-level domains (TLD), which are defined by the Public Suffix List.
For example:
co.uk
github.io
glitch.me
Effective TLDs are what allow foo.appspot.com
to be a different site from
bar.appspot.com
. The eTLD in this case is appspot.com
, and the whole
site name (foo.appspot.com
, bar.appspot.com
) is known as the eTLD+1.
See also Top-Level Domain.
イベントレベル レポート
Event-level reports associate a particular ad click or view (on the ad side) with data on the conversion side. To preserve user privacy by limiting the joining of user identity across sites, conversion-side data is very limited, and the data is noisy.
Federated Credential Management API(FedCM)
Federated Credential Management API は、フェデレーション ID サービスへのプライバシー保護アプローチを提案します。これにより、ユーザーは個人情報を ID サービスやサイトと共有することなく、サイトにログインできます。
FedCM は、以前は WebID と呼ばれていましたが、現在も W3C で開発中です。
フェデレーション ID(フェデレーション ログイン)
Federated identity is a third-party platform to allow a user to sign in to a website, without requiring the site to implement their own identity service.
フェンス付きフレーム
A (<fencedframe>
) is a proposed HTML element for embedded content, similar to
an iframe. Unlike
iframes, a fenced frame restricts communication with its embedding context to
allow the frame access to cross-site data without sharing it with the embedding
context.
Some Privacy Sandbox APIs may require select documents to render within a fenced frame. Learn more about the Fenced Frames proposal.
フィンガープリント
Fingerprinting encompasses techniques to identify and track the behaviour of individual users.
Fingerprinting uses mechanisms that users aren't aware of and can't control.
指紋が付く面
A fingerprinting surface is something that can be used (probably in combination with other surfaces) to identify a particular user or device.
For example, the navigator.userAgent()
JavaScript method and the User-Agent
HTTP request header provide access to a fingerprinting surface (the User-Agent
string).
自社
First party refers to resources from the site you're visiting.
For example, the page you're reading is on the site developer.chrome.com
and
includes resources requested from this site. Requests for those first-party
resources are called 'first-party requests'. Cookies from
developer.chrome.com
stored while you're on this site are called
first-party cookies.
See also Third-party.
ファーストパーティの Cookie
ファーストパーティの Cookie とは、ユーザーがサイトを閲覧している間にウェブサイトに保存される Cookie です。
たとえば、オンライン ショップは、ログインしていないユーザーのショッピング カートの詳細を保持するために、ブラウザに Cookie を保存するよう求めることができます。サードパーティ Cookie もご覧ください。
EEA
Intent to Experiment (I2E) is the announcement of a plan to make a new Blink feature available to users for testing, typically through an origin trial.
I2EE
テスト延長(I2EE)とは、オリジン トライアルの期間延長計画に関するお知らせです。
IPP
Intent to Prototype (I2P) is the first stage in developing a new feature in Blink. The announcement is posted to the blink-dev mailing list with a link to the proposal for discussion.
I2S
Intent to Ship(I2S)は、Chrome の安定版で Blink の新機能をユーザーに提供する計画についてのお知らせです。
インプレッション
Impression could refer to either:
- View of an ad. See also click-through rate.
- An ad slot: the HTML markup (usually
<div>
tags) on a web page where an ad can be displayed. Ad slots constitute inventory.
インタレスト グループ
Protected Audience API(旧 FLEDGE)では、インタレスト グループは、共通の関心を持つユーザーのグループを表し、リマーケティング リストに対応しています。
どのインタレスト グループにもオーナーは存在します。オーナーの種類によって、ユースケースが異なるさまざまなタイプのインタレスト グループが作成されます。
在庫
Inventory is the ad slots available on a site. Ad slots are the HTML markup (usually <div>
tags) where ads can be displayed.
k-匿名性
K-anonymity is the measure of anonymity within a data set. If you have k anonymity, you can't be distinguished from k-1 other individuals in the data set. In other words, k individuals have the same information (including you).
ノンス
ノンスとは、暗号通信で 1 回だけ使用される任意の数字です。
原点
An origin is defined by the scheme (protocol), hostname (domain), and port of the URL used to access it.
For example: https://developer.chrome.com
オリジン トライアル
Origin trials are trials that provide access to a new or experimental feature, to make it possible to build functions that users can try out for a limited time before the feature is made available to everyone.
When Chrome offers an origin trial for a feature, an origin can be registered for the trial to allow the feature for all users on that origin, without requiring users to toggle flags or switch to an alternative build of Chrome (though they may need to upgrade). Origin trials allow developers to build demos and prototypes using new features. The trials help Chrome engineers understand how new features are used, and how they may interact with other web technologies.
Find out more: Getting started with Chrome's origin trials.
パッシブ サーフェス
Passive surfaces are fingerprinting surfaces—such as User-Agent strings, IP addresses, and Accept-Language headers—that are available to every website, whether the site asks for them or not.
Passive surfaces can easily consume a site's privacy budget.
The Privacy Sandbox initiative proposes replacing passive surfaces with active ways to get specific information, for example using Client Hints a single time to get the user's language rather than having an Accept-Language header for every response to every server.
Protected Audience API
Protected Audience API は FLEDGE API の新しい名称です。
パブリッシャー
プライバシー サンドボックスにおけるパブリッシャーとは、広告を表示するための広告スペースを持つサイトを指します。
リーチ
リーチは、広告を見たユーザーや、その広告が表示されるウェブページにアクセスしたユーザーの合計数を表します。
リアルタイム ビッダー(RTB)
Real-time bidding refers to an automated auction for buying and selling ad impressions on websites, completed during page load.
リマーケティング
Remarketing is the practice of advertising to people who've already visited your site on other sites.
For example, an online store could show ads for a toy sale to people who previously viewed toys on their site.
レポート元
レポート元は、集計可能レポートを受け取るエンティティです。つまり、広告テクノロジー 呼び出すことができます集計可能レポートは、ユーザーのデバイスから、レポート送信元に関連付けられた well-known URL に送信されます。報告元は登録時に指定する必要があります。
倍率
Scaling factor, in the context of the Attribution Reporting API, refers an amount by which you choose to multiply an aggregatable value. Scaling impacts the effect of noise and your contribution budget.
販売者
販売者とは広告オークションを行う当事者であり、SSP の場合もあれば、パブリッシャーの場合もあります。
サイト
サイトは eTLD+1 とスキーム(プロトコル)に相当します。
トップレベル ドメインもご覧ください。
ストレージ パーティショニング
Storage partitioning is a mechanism in Chrome to prevent certain types of side-channel cross-site tracking, Chrome is partitioning storage and communications APIs in third-party contexts.
Storage partitioning prevents a site from joining data across different sites to track the user across the web.
概要レポート
サマリー レポートは、Attribution Reporting API と Private Aggregation API のレポート タイプです。概要レポートには、集計されたユーザーデータが含まれ、詳細なコンバージョン データが含まれる場合はノイズが追加されます。概要レポートは集計レポートで構成されています。概要レポートは、特にコンバージョン値などの一部のユースケースで、イベントレベル レポートよりも柔軟性が高く、豊富なデータモデルを使用できます。
サプライサイド プラットフォーム、セルサイド プラットフォーム
A supply-side platform is an ad tech service used to automate selling ad inventory. SSPs allow publishers to offer their inventory (empty rectangles where ads will go) to multiple ad exchanges, DSPs, and networks. This enables a wide range of potential buyers to bid for ad space.
画面
サーフェス。フィンガープリント サーフェスとパッシブ サーフェスをご覧ください。
サードパーティ
Third party refers to resources served from a domain that's different from the website you're visiting.
For example, a website foo.com
might use analytics code from
google-analytics.com
(via JavaScript), fonts from
use.typekit.net
(via a link element) and a video from vimeo.com
(in an
iframe). See also First-party.
サードパーティ Cookie
A third-party cookie is a cookie stored by a third-party service.
For example, a video website might include a Watch Later button in their embedded player to allow a user to add a video to their wishlist without forcing them to navigate to the video site.
See also First-party cookie.
トップレベル ドメイン(TLD)
Top-level domains such as .com and .org are listed in the Root Zone Database.
高信頼実行環境(TEE)
A trusted execution environment is a special configuration of computer hardware and software that allows external parties to verify the exact versions of software running on the computer. TEEs allow external parties to verify that the software does exactly what the software manufacturer claims it does—nothing more or less.
To learn more about TEEs used for the Privacy Sandbox proposals, read the Protected Audience API services explainer and the Aggregation Service explainer.
User-Agent Client Hints(UA-CH)
User-agent client hints provide specific pieces of the User-Agent string on explicit request. This helps reduce passive surfaces in the User-Agent string which may lead to user identification or covert tracking.
UA-CH is sometimes referred to as "Client Hints."
ユーザー エージェント文字列
A user-agent string is an HTTP header used by servers and network peers to request identifying information about an application, operating system, vendor, or version of a user agent. The User-Agent string broadcasts a large string of data, which is problematic for user privacy. User-Agent reduction is proposed to remove sensitive information and reduce passive fingerprinting.
.well-known
.well-known is a file used to add redirects to a website from standardized URLs.
For example, password managers can make it easier for users to update passwords
if a website sets a redirect from /.well-known/change-password
to the change
password page of the site.
In addition, it can be useful to access policy or other information about a
host before making a request. For example, robots.txt
tells web crawlers
which pages to visit and which pages to ignore. IETF
RFC8615 outlines a standardized way
to make site-wide metadata accessible in standard locations in a /.well-known/
subdirectory.
See a list of recommendations for .well-known
at
iana.org/assignments/well-known-uris/well-known-uris.xhtml.
ワークレット
A worklet allows you to run specific JavaScript functions and return information back to the requester. Within a worklet, you can execute JavaScript but you cannot interact or communicate with the outside page.
Worklets are used to store and extract data with the Shared Storage API.