Personnaliser une carte Google Maps : repères personnalisés

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Présentation

Ce tutoriel vous explique comment modifier l'icône d'un repère Google Maps. Il est utile de connaître les principes de base de la création de repères pour suivre ce tutoriel.

L'exemple de carte suivant utilise des repères personnalisés.

La section ci-dessous comprend tout le code nécessaire pour créer la carte de ce tutoriel.

TypeScript

let map: google.maps.Map;

function initMap(): void {
  map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map") as HTMLElement, {
    center: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91722, 151.23064),
    zoom: 16,
  });

  const iconBase =
    "https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/full/images/";

  const icons: Record<string, { icon: string }> = {
    parking: {
      icon: iconBase + "parking_lot_maps.png",
    },
    library: {
      icon: iconBase + "library_maps.png",
    },
    info: {
      icon: iconBase + "info-i_maps.png",
    },
  };

  const features = [
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91721, 151.2263),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91539, 151.2282),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91747, 151.22912),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9191, 151.22907),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91725, 151.23011),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91872, 151.23089),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91784, 151.23094),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91682, 151.23149),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9179, 151.23463),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91666, 151.23468),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916988, 151.23364),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91662347903106, 151.22879464019775),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916365282092855, 151.22937399734496),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91665018901448, 151.2282474695587),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.919543720969806, 151.23112279762267),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91608037421864, 151.23288232673644),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91851096391805, 151.2344058214569),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91818154739766, 151.2346203981781),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91727341958453, 151.23348314155578),
      type: "library",
    },
  ];

  // Create markers.
  for (let i = 0; i < features.length; i++) {
    const marker = new google.maps.Marker({
      position: features[i].position,
      icon: icons[features[i].type].icon,
      map: map,
    });
  }
}

declare global {
  interface Window {
    initMap: () => void;
  }
}
window.initMap = initMap;

JavaScript

let map;

function initMap() {
  map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map"), {
    center: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91722, 151.23064),
    zoom: 16,
  });

  const iconBase =
    "https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/examples/full/images/";
  const icons = {
    parking: {
      icon: iconBase + "parking_lot_maps.png",
    },
    library: {
      icon: iconBase + "library_maps.png",
    },
    info: {
      icon: iconBase + "info-i_maps.png",
    },
  };
  const features = [
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91721, 151.2263),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91539, 151.2282),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91747, 151.22912),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9191, 151.22907),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91725, 151.23011),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91872, 151.23089),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91784, 151.23094),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91682, 151.23149),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.9179, 151.23463),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91666, 151.23468),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916988, 151.23364),
      type: "info",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91662347903106, 151.22879464019775),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.916365282092855, 151.22937399734496),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91665018901448, 151.2282474695587),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.919543720969806, 151.23112279762267),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91608037421864, 151.23288232673644),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91851096391805, 151.2344058214569),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91818154739766, 151.2346203981781),
      type: "parking",
    },
    {
      position: new google.maps.LatLng(-33.91727341958453, 151.23348314155578),
      type: "library",
    },
  ];

  // Create markers.
  for (let i = 0; i < features.length; i++) {
    const marker = new google.maps.Marker({
      position: features[i].position,
      icon: icons[features[i].type].icon,
      map: map,
    });
  }
}

window.initMap = initMap;

CSS

/*
 * Always set the map height explicitly to define the size of the div element
 * that contains the map.
 */
#map {
  height: 100%;
}

/*
 * Optional: Makes the sample page fill the window.
 */
html,
body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

HTML

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Custom Markers</title>
    <script src="https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=default"></script>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./style.css" />
    <script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="map"></div>

    <!--
      The `defer` attribute causes the callback to execute after the full HTML
      document has been parsed. For non-blocking uses, avoiding race conditions,
      and consistent behavior across browsers, consider loading using Promises.
      See https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/load-maps-js-api
      for more information.
      -->
    <script
      src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=AIzaSyB41DRUbKWJHPxaFjMAwdrzWzbVKartNGg&callback=initMap&v=weekly"
      defer
    ></script>
  </body>
</html>

Essayer l'exemple

Personnaliser un repère sur la carte

L'image ci-dessous affiche un repère Google Maps avec l'icône rouge par défaut.

Vous pouvez la remplacer par l'image de votre choix. Le tableau ci-dessous décrit le code qui personnalise le repère par défaut afin d'utiliser une icône pour les parkings.

Code et description

var iconBase = 'https://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/shapes/';
  var marker = new google.maps.Marker({
    position: myLatLng,
    map: map,
    icon: iconBase + 'parking_lot_maps.png'
  });

Ajoutez la propriété icon à l'objet MarkerOptions pour modifier l'icône du repère.
La propriété icon peut être une chaîne (l'URL de l'icône du repère) ou un objet Icon.
Reportez-vous à l'icône de repère personnalisé ci-dessous.

Personnaliser des repères en fonction des éléments géographiques de la carte

Chaque point d'intérêt dans la liste des éléments géographiques du campus possède un attribut type. Regardez de quelle manière le code ci-dessous spécifie les types parking, library et info. Vous pouvez personnaliser l'icône du repère en fonction du type que vous avez défini pour l'élément géographique de la carte.

var iconBase = 'https://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/shapes/';
var icons = {
  parking: {
    icon: iconBase + 'parking_lot_maps.png'
  },
  library: {
    icon: iconBase + 'library_maps.png'
  },
  info: {
    icon: iconBase + 'info-i_maps.png'
  }
};

function addMarker(feature) {
  var marker = new google.maps.Marker({
    position: feature.position,
    icon: icons[feature.type].icon,
    map: map
  });
}

En savoir plus

  • L'image d'un repère est appelée son "icône".
  •