Vinculação da Conta do Google com o OAuth

As contas são vinculadas usando os fluxos implícitos e de código de autorização do OAuth 2.0 padrão do setor. Seu serviço precisa oferecer suporte a endpoints de autorização e troca de token compatíveis com o OAuth 2.0.

No fluxo implícito, o Google abre o endpoint de autorização no navegador do usuário. Após o login, você retorna um token de acesso de longa duração para o Google. Agora, esse token de acesso está incluído em todas as solicitações enviadas pelo Google.

No fluxo do código de autorização, você precisa de dois endpoints:

• O endpoint de autorização, que apresenta a interface de login aos usuários que ainda não fizeram login. O endpoint de autorização também cria um código de autorização de curta duração para registrar o consentimento dos usuários para o acesso solicitado.

• O endpoint de troca de token, que é responsável por dois tipos de trocas:

  1. Troca um código de autorização por um token de atualização de longa duração e um de acesso de curta duração. Essa troca acontece quando o usuário passa pelo fluxo de vinculação de conta.
  2. Troca um token de atualização de longa duração por um de acesso de curta duração. Essa troca acontece quando o Google precisa de um novo token de acesso porque o anterior expirou.

Escolher um fluxo do OAuth 2.0

Embora o fluxo implícito seja mais simples de implementar, o Google recomenda que os tokens de acesso emitidos pelo fluxo implícito nunca expirem. Isso ocorre porque o usuário é forçado a vincular a conta novamente depois que um token expira com o fluxo implícito. Se você precisar da expiração do token por motivos de segurança, é altamente recomendável usar o fluxo de código de autorização.

Diretrizes de design

Esta seção descreve os requisitos de design e as recomendações para a tela do usuário que você hospeda para fluxos de vinculação do OAuth. Depois de ser chamada pelo app do Google, a plataforma mostra uma página de login no Google e uma tela de consentimento de vinculação de conta para o usuário. O usuário é direcionado de volta ao app do Google depois de dar consentimento para vincular contas.

Requisitos

1. É necessário informar que a conta do usuário será vinculada ao Google, não a um produto específico, como o Google Home ou o Google Assistente.

Recomendações

Portanto, recomendamos que você faça o seguinte:

1. Exibir a Política de Privacidade do Google. Incluir um link para a Política de Privacidade do Google na tela de consentimento.

2. Dados a serem compartilhados. Use uma linguagem clara e concisa para informar ao usuário quais dados o Google exige e por quê.

3. Call-to-action clara. Informe uma call-to-action clara na tela de consentimento, como "Concordar e vincular". Isso é necessário porque os usuários precisam entender quais dados eles precisam compartilhar com o Google para vincular as contas.

4. Possibilidade de cancelamento. Ofereça uma maneira de voltar ou cancelar, se o usuário não quiser fazer a vinculação.

5. Processo de login claro. Os usuários precisam ter um método claro para fazer login na Conta do Google, como campos para nome de usuário e senha ou Fazer login com o Google.

6. Possibilidade de desvincular. Ofereça um mecanismo para os usuários desvincularem, como um URL para as configurações da conta deles na sua plataforma. Como alternativa, é possível incluir um link para a Conta do Google, onde os usuários podem gerenciar a conta vinculada.

7. Capacidade de mudar a conta do usuário. Sugira um método para os usuários trocarem de conta. Isso é especialmente benéfico se os usuários tendem a ter várias contas.

   • Se um usuário precisar fechar a tela de consentimento para alternar contas, envie um erro recuperável para o Google para que o usuário possa fazer login na conta desejada com a vinculação OAuth e o fluxo implícito.

8. Inclua seu logotipo. Mostre o logotipo da sua empresa na tela de consentimento. Use as diretrizes de estilo para posicionar o logotipo. Se você quiser mostrar também o logotipo do Google, consulte Logos e marcas registradas.

Create the project

To create your project to use account linking:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Clique em Criar projeto .
3. Digite um nome ou aceite a sugestão gerada.
4. Confirme ou edite os campos restantes.
5. Clique em Create .

Para visualizar o seu ID do projeto:

1. Go to the Google API Console.
2. Encontre seu projeto na tabela na página de destino. O ID do projeto aparece na coluna ID .

Configure your OAuth Consent Screen

The Google Account Linking process includes a consent screen which tells users the application requesting access to their data, what kind of data they are asking for and the terms that apply. You will need to configure your OAuth consent screen before generating a Google API client ID.

1. Open the OAuth consent screen page of the Google APIs console.
2. If prompted, select the project you just created.

3. On the "OAuth consent screen" page, fill out the form and click the “Save” button.

   Application name: The name of the application asking for consent. The name should accurately reflect your application and be consistent with the application name users see elsewhere. The application name will be shown on the Account Linking consent screen.

   Application logo: An image on the consent screen that will help users recognize your app. The logo is shown on Account linking consent screen and on account settings

   Support email: For users to contact you with questions about their consent.

   Scopes for Google APIs: Scopes allow your application to access your user's private Google data. For the Google Account Linking use case, default scope (email, profile, openid) is sufficient, you don’t need to add any sensitive scopes. It is generally a best practice to request scopes incrementally, at the time access is required, rather than up front. Learn more.

   Authorized domains: To protect you and your users, Google only allows applications that authenticate using OAuth to use Authorized Domains. Your applications' links must be hosted on Authorized Domains. Learn more.

   Application Homepage link: Home page for your application. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Privacy Policy link: Shown on Google Account Linking consent screen. Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   Application Terms of Service link (Optional): Must be hosted on an Authorized Domain.

   

   Figure 1. Google Account Linking Consent Screen for a fictitious Application, Tunery

4. Check "Verification Status", if your application needs verification then click the "Submit For Verification" button to submit your application for verification. Refer to OAuth verification requirements for details.

Implementar seu servidor OAuth

An OAuth 2.0 server implementation of the authorization code flow consists of two endpoints, which your service makes available by HTTPS. The first endpoint is the authorization endpoint, which is responsible for finding or obtaining consent from users for data access. The authorization endpoint presents a sign-in UI to your users that aren't already signed in and records consent to the requested access. The second endpoint is the token exchange endpoint, which is used to obtain encrypted strings, called tokens, that authorize a user to access your service.

When a Google application needs to call one of your service's APIs, Google uses these endpoints together to get permission from your users to call these APIs on their behalf.

An OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow session initiated by Google has the following flow:

1. Google opens your authorization endpoint in the user's browser. If the flow started on a voice-only device for an Action, Google transfers the execution to a phone.
2. The user signs in, if not signed in already, and grants Google permission to access their data with your API, if they haven't already granted permission.
3. Your service creates an authorization code and returns it to Google. To do so, redirect the user's browser back to Google with the authorization code attached to the request.
4. Google sends the authorization code to your token exchange endpoint, which verifies the authenticity of the code and returns an access token and a refresh token. The access token is a short-lived token that your service accepts as credentials to access APIs. The refresh token is a long-lived token that Google can store and use to acquire new access tokens when they expire.
5. After the user has completed the account linking flow, every subsequent request sent from Google contains an access token.

Handle authorization requests

When you need to perform account linking using the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, Google sends the user to your authorization endpoint with a request that includes the following parameters:

For example, if your authorization endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/auth, a request might look like the following:

GET https://myservice.example.com/auth?client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&state=STATE_STRING&scope=REQUESTED_SCOPES&response_type=code&user_locale=LOCALE

For your authorization endpoint to handle sign-in requests, do the following steps:

1. Verify that the client_id matches the Client ID you assigned to Google, and that the redirect_uri matches the redirect URL provided by Google for your service. These checks are important to prevent granting access to unintended or misconfigured client apps. If you support multiple OAuth 2.0 flows, also confirm that the response_type is code.
2. Check if the user is signed in to your service. If the user isn't signed in, complete your service's sign-in or sign-up flow.
3. Generate an authorization code for Google to use to access your API. The authorization code can be any string value, but it must uniquely represent the user, the client the token is for, and the code's expiration time, and it must not be guessable. You typically issue authorization codes that expire after approximately 10 minutes.
4. Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter has the following form:

     https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     https://oauth-redirect-sandbox.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID
     

5. Redirect the user's browser to the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter. Include the authorization code you just generated and the original, unmodified state value when you redirect by appending the code and state parameters. The following is an example of the resulting URL:

   https://oauth-redirect.googleusercontent.com/r/YOUR_PROJECT_ID?code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&state=STATE_STRING

Handle token exchange requests

Your service's token exchange endpoint is responsible for two kinds of token exchanges:

• Exchange authorization codes for access tokens and refresh tokens
• Exchange refresh tokens for access tokens

Token exchange requests include the following parameters:

Exchange authorization codes for access tokens and refresh tokens

After the user signs in and your authorization endpoint returns a short-lived authorization code to Google, Google sends a request to your token exchange endpoint to exchange the authorization code for an access token and a refresh token.

For these requests, the value of grant_type is authorization_code, and the value of code is the value of the authorization code you previously granted to Google. The following is an example of a request to exchange an authorization code for an access token and a refresh token:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET&grant_type=authorization_code&code=AUTHORIZATION_CODE&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI

To exchange authorization codes for an access token and a refresh token, your token exchange endpoint responds to POST requests by executing the following steps:

1. Verify that the client_id identifies the request origin as an authorized origin, and that the client_secret matches the expected value.
2. Verify that the authorization code is valid and not expired, and that the client ID specified in the request matches the client ID associated with the authorization code.
3. Confirm that the URL specified by the redirect_uri parameter is identical to the value used in the initial authorization request.
4. If you can't verify all of the above criteria, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request error with {"error": "invalid_grant"} as the body.
5. Otherwise, use the user ID from the authorization code to generate a refresh token and an access token. These tokens can be any string value, but they must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for, and they must not be guessable. For access tokens, also record the expiration time of the token, which is typically an hour after you issue the token. Refresh tokens don't expire.
6. Return the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "token_type": "Bearer",
   "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
   "refresh_token": "REFRESH_TOKEN",
   "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
   }

Google stores the access token and the refresh token for the user and records the expiration of the access token. When the access token expires, Google uses the refresh token to get a new access token from your token exchange endpoint.

Exchange refresh tokens for access tokens

When an access token expires, Google sends a request to your token exchange endpoint to exchange a refresh token for a new access token.

For these requests, the value of grant_type is refresh_token, and the value of refresh_token is the value of the refresh token you previously granted to Google. The following is an example of a request to exchange a refresh token for an access token:

POST /token HTTP/1.1
Host: oauth2.example.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

client_id=GOOGLE_CLIENT_ID&client_secret=GOOGLE_CLIENT_SECRET&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN

To exchange a refresh token for an access token, your token exchange endpoint responds to POST requests by executing the following steps:

1. Verify that the client_id identifies the request origin as Google, and that the client_secret matches the expected value.
2. Verify that the refresh token is valid, and that the client ID specified in the request matches the client ID associated with the refresh token.
3. If you can't verify all of the above criteria, return an HTTP 400 Bad Request error with {"error": "invalid_grant"} as the body.
4. Otherwise, use the user ID from the refresh token to generate an access token. These tokens can be any string value, but they must uniquely represent the user and the client the token is for, and they must not be guessable. For access tokens, also record the expiration time of the token, typically an hour after you issue the token.
5. Return the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "token_type": "Bearer",
   "access_token": "ACCESS_TOKEN",
   "expires_in": SECONDS_TO_EXPIRATION
   }

Handle userinfo requests

The userinfo endpoint is an OAuth 2.0 protected resource that return claims about the linked user. Implementing and hosting the userinfo endpoint is optional, except for the following use cases:

• Linked Account Sign-In with Google One Tap.
• Frictionless subscription on AndroidTV.

After the access token has been successfully retrieved from your token endpoint, Google sends a request to your userinfo endpoint to retrieve basic profile information about the linked user.

For example, if your userinfo endpoint is available at https://myservice.example.com/userinfo, a request might look like the following:

GET /userinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: myservice.example.com
Authorization: Bearer ACCESS_TOKEN

For your userinfo endpoint to handle requests, do the following steps:

1. Extract access token from the Authorization header and return information for the user associated with the access token.
2. If the access token is invalid, return an HTTP 401 Unauthorized error with using the WWW-Authenticate Response Header. Below is an example of a userinfo error response:

   HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
   WWW-Authenticate: error="invalid_token",
   error_description="The Access Token expired"
   

   If a 401 Unauthorized, or any other unsuccessful error response is returned during the linking process, the error will be non-recoverable, the retrieved token will be discarded and the user will have to initiate the linking process again.

3. If the access token is valid, return and HTTP 200 response with the following JSON object in the body of the HTTPS response:

   {
   "sub": "USER_UUID",
   "email": "EMAIL_ADDRESS",
   "given_name": "FIRST_NAME",
   "family_name": "LAST_NAME",
   "name": "FULL_NAME",
   "picture": "PROFILE_PICTURE",
   }

   If your userinfo endpoint returns an HTTP 200 success response, the retrieved token and claims are registered against the user's Google account.

   userinfo endpoint response
   sub	A unique ID that identifies the user in your system.
   email	Email address of the user.
   given_name	Optional: First name of the user.
   family_name	Optional: Last name of the user.
   name	Optional: Full name of the user.
   picture	Optional: Profile picture of the user.

Como validar a implementação

É possível validar sua implementação usando a ferramenta OAuth 2.0 Playground.

Na ferramenta, siga estas etapas:

1. Clique em Configuração settings para abrir a janela de configuração do OAuth 2.0.
2. No campo Fluxo do OAuth, selecione Lado do cliente.
3. No campo Endpoints OAuth, selecione Personalizado.
4. Especifique o endpoint OAuth 2.0 e o ID do cliente atribuído ao Google nos campos correspondentes.
5. Na seção Etapa 1, não selecione nenhum escopo do Google. Em vez disso, deixe esse campo em branco ou digite um escopo válido para seu servidor (ou uma string arbitrária se você não usar escopos do OAuth). Quando terminar, clique em Autorizar APIs.
6. Nas seções Etapa 2 e Etapa 3, siga o fluxo OAuth 2.0 e verifique se cada etapa funciona conforme o esperado.

É possível validar sua implementação usando a ferramenta Demo de vinculação de Contas do Google.

Na ferramenta, siga estas etapas:

1. Clique no botão Fazer login com o Google.
2. Escolha a conta que você quer vincular.
3. Insira o ID do serviço.
4. Opcionalmente, insira um ou mais escopos para os quais você vai solicitar acesso.
5. Clique em Iniciar demonstração.
6. Quando solicitado, confirme que você pode consentir e negar o pedido de vinculação.
7. Confirme se você foi redirecionado para a plataforma.